Bab 10 Dynamic Capability

Chapter X Dynamic Input and Analysis
BAB X
DYNAMIC INPUT &
ANALYSIS
Training on Caesar II
1
10.1. The Dynamic Capability :
1. Natural Frequency Calculation

2. Harmonic Analysis
3. Response Spectrum Analysis
4. Time History Analysis
2
1. Natural Frequency Calculation
1. Natural Frequency Information can

indicate the tendency of the piping system
to response the dynamic loads
2. A system’s modal natural frequency
should not to be close to the equipment
operating frequency
3. Higher natural frequency usually cause
less trouble than low natural frequency
3
MODAL ANALYSIS
Basic Dynamic
Equation
Eigensolver
- Natural Frequency
- Modes of Vibration
4
Sturm Sequence Check

used to confirm no
mode were skipped
If Sturm Sequence Check is failed, the user may

either return to the dynamic input or continue
with the spectral analysis
5
2. Harmonic Analysis
1. Fluid pulsating in reciprocating pump line or
vibration due to rotating equipment
2. The loads are modeled as concentrated force or
displacement at one or more points in the system
3. Harmonic response represent the maximum
dynamic amplitude the piping system
6
 For each forcing frequency listed in the dynamic input,

CAESAR II performs a separate analysis. These analysis
are similar to static analysis and take the same amount
of time to complete.
 At the completion of each solution the forcing frequency,
its largest calculate deflection, and the phase angle
associated with it are listed on the screen. The root
results for each frequency, and the system deflection, are
saved for further processing.
 When all frequencies are analysis, CAESAR II presents
the frequencies on the screen and allow the user to
select those whose needs for further analysis. This
choice can be made after checking deflection at pertinent
node for those frequency
7
Selection of Phase Angles

- For all phased harmonic analysis, the user is given the choice of
selecting from 18 separate phase angles solution for each
excitation frequency. Each separate phase angle solution
represents a point in time during one complete cycle of the
system response.
- The primary difference between the solution with and without
phase angle is when the phase angles are entered, there is no
way of knowing beforehand just when the maximum stress, force,
and displacement are going to occur during the cycles.
- For these reason, the displacements and stresses are often
checked for a number of points during the cycles for each
excitation frequency.
8
3. Response Spectrum Analysis

1. The response spectrum method allows an impulse type
transient event to be characterized by response vs.
frequency spectra
2. Each mode of vibrating of the piping system is related to
one response on the spectrum
3. The modal are summed together to produce the total
system response
4. The stresses for these analysis, summed with the
sustained stresses, should be compare to the occasional
stress allowable defined by the piping code
9
The spectrum analysis procedure can be broken

down into three tasks :
1. Calculate the system’s natural frequencies, mode
shapes, and mass participation factors.
2. Using the system frequencies, pull the
corresponding response amplitude from the
spectrum table, and calculate the system response
for each mode of vibration.
3. Combine the modal responses and directional
components of the shock.
After the natural frequencies are calculated, system’s
displacement, forces, moments, and stresses are
calculate on the modal level and combined
10
4. Time History Analysis

 Is used to solve (by numeric integration) the dynamic equation of
motion to simulate the system response throughout the load
duration
 It can solve any type of dynamic loading.
 The modal time history analysis follows steps similar to a
spectrum analysis.
 The modes of vibration of the system are computed, the equation
of motion is solved through numerical integration techniques for
each mode, at a number of successive time steps, with the modal
results being summed, yielding system response at each time
steps.
 The output processor displays one load cases with the maximum
loads developed throughout the load application.
11
10.2. Model Modification for Dynamic Analysis
The dynamic technique employ by CAESAR

II require strict linearity in the piping and
structural system
Dynamic response associated with nonlinear
effect are not addressed
Non-linear problem (ex: slapping and friction
problem) must be linearized for use in
dynamic analysis
12
If requested,
CAESAR II
can
approximate
the friction
resistance to
movement in
the dynamic
model by
including
spring
stiffness
normal to the
restrain line
action.
13
10.3. Major Steps in Dynamic Input
Developing dynamic input for CAESAR II

comprises four basic steps :
1. Specifying the loads
2. Modifying the mass and stiffness model
3. Setting the parameters that control the analysis
4. Starting and errors checking the analysis
14
10.4. Overview The Dynamic Input Processor
Entering the Dynamic

Analysis Input Menu
15
Available Commands During Dynamic Input
16
10.5. Input Overview Based on

Analysis Input Processor
Lump Mass
Snubbers
17
Control Parameter
18
Advanced
19
10.6. H a r m o n i c
1. Specifying The Loads
Excitation Frequency
20
Harmonic Forces
Harmonic Displacements
21
2. Modifying Mass and Stiffness Model

Lumped mass and snubbers are modified in the same way
as described for modal analysis
3. Control Parameter
These parameter described how the analysis will be conducted.
Undamped harmonic analysis may be done by setting damping to 0.0
22
10.7. Earthquake loads

Define by defining one or more response spectra and applying
them in a specified direction over part or all of the piping
system.
Spectrum Definition Command
Describe the type of data in the spectrum
- period/frequency vs. force multiplier
- period/frequency vs. acceleration
- period/frequency vs. velocity or
- period/frequency vs. displacement
as well as the interpolation method for each axis.
Response Spectrum Table Value

- can be entered directly
- built and store as a file for use by CAESAR II
23
If not read in from a file, the data points for a user enter spectrum
may be entered by using the Tools-Spectrum Data Points
command, selecting the spectrum name and entering the data
24
1. Spectrum Load Cases
Used to modify
the magnitude of
the shock
Define the
orientation of the
uniform inertial
loading (X,Y,Z)
25
2. Static/Dynamic Combination
Each shock case produce output report listing :
- displacements,
- forces,
- moments, and
- stresses
 Most piping code combine the occasional
dynamic stresses with sustained static
stresses
 It is the sustained plus occasional stress
sum that is compared to the occasional
allowable stress
26
Static
Load Case
Dynamic
Load Case
27
3. Modifying Mass and Stiffness Model

Lumped Mass and Snubers are modified in the same way as described
for Modal Analysis
These
parameter
described how
the analysis is
to be
conducted
28
10.8. Relief Loads

1. Specifying Loads
 This method is set up to solve a relief valve loading
through Force Spectrum Methodology.
 In other to analyze a piping system for a relief valve
loading, it’s necessary to estimate the force-time
profile for the loading
 This must then be converted to a Force Multiplier
(Dynamic Load Factor) spectrum
 The applied force then must be applied in conjunction
with this spectrum
29
2. Relief Loads Synthesis

 If the user does not know the characteristic of the relief valve
load, the Relief Load Synthesis Command provided a
calculation scratch based upon a model of a relief valve
venting steam or liquid to atmosphere .
 This utility can be used to estimate :
 relief valve thrust loads,
 exits velocity, and
 pressure
which can in turn be used to estimate the force vs. time profile
of the applied load.
30
31
3. Pulse Table/ DLF Spectrum Generation
 Allow user to convert known Force-Time profile into

a Dynamic Load Factor Spectrum in order to solve
problem using spectrum methodology.
 The user must designate a file name to which the
DLF spectrum is to be written, as well as the
maximum frequency to use, and the number data
point to generate.
32
33
4. Spectrum Definition
Response spectrum
table value can be
entered directly or built
and store as a file for
use by CAESAR II
such as those generated
through the DLF
Spectrum Generator
34
5. Force Sets
Forces are
grouped into
numbered
forced sets
when :
- these forces
occur together,
or
- need to be
manipulated in
the analysis
together
35
6. Spectrum/Load Cases
The Spectrum Load Cases for force spectrum runs must
ling a Force Multiplier spectrum to a force set
The Load Case

Definition consists
of one or more
lines on which :
- Spectrum
- Factor
(usually = 1)
- Direction
- Force Set
36
- These parameter
described how the
analysis is to be
conducted
- Particular
attention should
be paid to the
modal summation
methodology
37
10.9. Water Hammer/ Slug Flow
1. Specifying The Load

This method of solving water hammer or slug
problem is the force spectrum method as used for
relieve valve loading, except the relieve load
synthesizer is not necessary. The user estimates a
Force-Time profile, then turns it into a Force
Multiplier Spectrum, which is then linked to Force Set
in the load cases.
38
 This method is set up to solve a relief valve

loading through Force Spectrum Methodology.
 In other to analyze a piping system for a relief
valve loading, it’s necessary to estimate the
force-time profile for the loading
 This must then be converted to a Force
Multiplier (Dynamic Load Factor) spectrum
 The applied force then must be applied in
conjunction with this spectrum
39
2. Pulse Table/DLF Spectrum Generation
 Allow user to convert known Force-Time profile

into a Dynamic Load Factor Spectrum in order to
solve problem using spectrum methodology.
 The user must designate a file name to which the
DLF spectrum is to be written, as well as the
maximum frequency to use, and the number data
point to generate.
40
41
3. Spectrum Definitions
Response spectrum
table value can be
entered directly or
built and store as a
file for use by
CAESAR II such as
those generated
through the DLF
Spectrum Generator
42
4. Force Sets
Forces are grouped

into numbered
forced sets when :
- these forces occur
together, or
- need to be
manipulated in the
analysis together
43
5. Spectrum Load Cases

The Spectrum Load Cases for force spectrum runs must ling a
Force Multiplier spectrum to a force set
The Load Case

Definition consists of
one or more lines on
which :
- Spectrum
- Factor (usually = 1)
- Direction
- Force Set
44
6. Static/Dynamic Combinations
Each shock case produce output report listing :
- displacements,
- forces,
- moments, and
- stresses
- Most piping code combine the occasional

dynamic stresses with sustained static stresses
- It is the sustained plus occasional stress sum
that is compared to the occasional allowable
stress
45
Static Load
Case
Dynamic Load
Case
46
10.10. Time History

1. Specifying The Loads
Loading are specified in term of :
- Force-time profile
Used to specified the load timing
- Forces sets
Used to define the load direction and location
Either the force profile and force set can be used

to define the magnitude
47
2. Time History Profile Definition
Time history profile

must be given :
- a name
- data definition
(which must be
Force vs. Time)
- interpolation
method
48
3. Force Sets
Forces are grouped

into numbered
forced sets when :
- these forces occur
together, or
- need to be
manipulated in the
analysis together
49
4.Control Parameter
These parameter
described how the
analysis is to be
conducted
50

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Bab 10 Dynamic Capability

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Chapter X Dynamic Input and Analysis

10.1. The Dynamic Capability :

1. Natural Frequency Calculation

1. Natural Frequency Calculation

1. Natural Frequency Information can

Sturm Sequence Check

If Sturm Sequence Check is failed, the user may

 For each forcing frequency listed in the dynamic input,

Selection of Phase Angles

3. Response Spectrum Analysis

The spectrum analysis procedure can be broken

4. Time History Analysis

10.2. Model Modification for Dynamic Analysis

The dynamic technique employ by CAESAR

10.3. Major Steps in Dynamic Input

Developing dynamic input for CAESAR II

10.4. Overview The Dynamic Input Processor

Entering the Dynamic

Available Commands During Dynamic Input

10.5. Input Overview Based on

1. Specifying The Loads

2. Modifying Mass and Stiffness Model

10.7. Earthquake loads

Response Spectrum Table Value

1. Spectrum Load Cases

3. Modifying Mass and Stiffness Model

10.8. Relief Loads

2. Relief Loads Synthesis

3. Pulse Table/ DLF Spectrum Generation

 Allow user to convert known Force-Time profile into

The Load Case

10.9. Water Hammer/ Slug Flow

1. Specifying The Load

 This method is set up to solve a relief valve

2. Pulse Table/DLF Spectrum Generation

 Allow user to convert known Force-Time profile

Forces are grouped

5. Spectrum Load Cases

The Load Case

- Most piping code combine the occasional

10.10. Time History

Either the force profile and force set can be used

2. Time History Profile Definition

Time history profile

Forces are grouped

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