Ahsani Taqwima

17/415259/TP/11995

Horatio Alger, Jr.

a. Summary

Horatio Alger, Jr. was the author of more than 100 books for boys in the second half of the
nineteenth century that focused on the theme of succes coming to those who work hard to achieve it.
He wrote about the poor and homeless children of the slums of New York city, seeing them as
unfortunate pawns of society. Though his writing style was characterized by simplicity and repetition,
it was well received by hus target audience. His book were enormously popular.

b. The Answer of Horatio Alger, Jr. Questions

14. B

15.D

16.B

17.A

18.A

Coral Colonies

a. Summary

Coral colonies to develop into complex reef structures that typically involve physical
and chemical processes and complex interactions with animals and plants so they can
develop. They cannot survive in water that is too dirty, and they need water that is at least 72
° F (or 22 ° C) present, so they are formed only in waters from 30 ° north to 30 ° south of the
equator. They need significant amount of sunlight, so they only live in the area between sea
level and a few meters below it. they need a certain type of microscopic algae for their
existence, and their skeletal shells are delicate and are easily damaged or fragmented. The
material used for coral cement comes from algae and other forms of microscopic seaweed.
An additional part of the reef formation process is the compacting and cementing that takes
place throughout the process. Due to the nature of the soluble and delicate material from
which corals are made, coral crystals and relatively unstable shells decompose over time and
are then rearranged as a more stable form of limestone.

For many years biologists assumed that corals were not animals but plants because
they lived in colonies consisting of a large number of polyps collected together. Each
 individual polyp obtains calcium from the seawater where it lives to make a skeleton around
its lower body.The coralline structures that are created through these complicated processes
are extremely variable in form. For example are be treelike and branching or they may have
more rounded and compact shapes.

b. The Answer of Coral colonies questions

1. A 8. C

2. C 9. D

3. B 10. B

4. C 11. D

5. C 12. A

6. D 13. A

7. A

Post-it® Notes

a Summary

Post-it notes were invented in the 1970s at the 3M company in Minnesota quite by
accident. Post-it notes are small pieces of paper with weak adhesive on their backs made for
bookmarks and can be attached to documents created by 3M companies in the 1970s. In 1977
product launch tests were conducted in four cities in America, but sales of these products were
less desirable. Then the 3M product demonstrations in offices throughout Boise and finally they
are interested in buying it because the product has great uses. Until now the product is also
enjoyed by students and school children.

b. The Answers of Post-it® Notes Questions

3) D

4) A

5) C

6) D