15M720- PROJECT WORK

A report on

DESIGN AND DEVEOPMENT OF BRIQUETTING

MACHINE FOR INSTITUTIONAL SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT

By,
Hariramkumar V T (15M117)
Sriram R (15M152)
Venkatesh U (15M157)

Under the guidance of

Dr Vendan S P
Associate professor, Mechanical Engg.

Dr Babu S
Associate professor, Mechanical Engg.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

PSG COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
COIMBATORE-641004
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE NO

1.1 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………… 3

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT………………………………………………….. 3

1.3 OBJECTIVE………………………………………………………………… 3

1.4 PSG TECH WASTE DATA………………………………………………… 3

1.5 TECHNO-ECONOMICAL ANALYSIS

1.5.1 SHREDDING MACHINE…………………………………………….. 4

1.5.2 BRIQUETTING MACHINE………………………………………….. 6

1.5.3 FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS…………………………………………… 6

1.6. SCOPE FOR FUTURE WORK…………………………………………….. 7

1.7 CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………… 7
1.1 INTRODUCTION:

India produces about 62 million tonnes of garbage every year. Out of this 5.6 million
tonnes is plastic waste, 0.17 million tonnes is biomedical wastes, 7.90 million tonnes is
hazardous waste and 15 lakh tonnes is e-waste. Out of this 11.9 million tonnes of waste is
treated which is about 22-28% and about 31 million tonnes of waste is left untreated and
dumped as landfill.

All these wastes are produced from house, industries, government offices, schools and
colleges. In order to reduce the waste produced the change should start from us. In PSG
TECH the main sources of waste are food wrappers, papers, leaves and twigs, etc,. On an
average each student would throw a food wrapper or a paper waste once a day, and looking
for the entire population of the college it would be huge.

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT:

The volume of waste keeps on increasing and the mobilization of waste to dump yard
is difficult and costlier.

1.3 OBJECTIVE:

Aiming to achieve Zero Waste in PSG tech by reducing the volume of solid waste
produced in our institution by developing a low cost shredding cum briquetting machine and
using the briquettes as substitute fuel with additives.

1.4 PSG TECH WASTE DATA:

The total amount of waste produced in PSG TECH College is transported to dump yard
using 4-5 trucks (5-10 tonnes capacity) per week. It costs around ₹ 4000 for each truck per
week. Totally around ₹ 80,000 rupees spent for a month.

Waste produced in college is classified as wet waste, plastic waste and garden waste. The
proportions of each waste are shown in Fig 1. Plastic wastes include classroom waste and
canteen plates & cups. Wet waste includes food waste and kitchen waste. Garden waste
includes leaves and twigs. Totally 775 Kg of waste produced per week.
 Wastes produced per day(kg)

75
Garden waste
300
200 Pastic waste
Food waste
Kitchen waste

200

Fig 1 Waste details

1.5 TECHNO-ECONOMICAL ANALYSIS

1.5.1 SHREDDING MACHINE:

Since the waste has large volume and non-uniform shape, a shredding machine is used
to cut down the waste into smaller and uniform pieces. Shredding machine consists of a cutter
blade, shaft, spur gears, and outer casing. Model of each parts are shown in figures. The
cutting blade should be hardened to give high strength. The force acting on the cutter blade is
found by assuming the shredded piece of material is plastic. Diameter of the shaft is
calculated from the maximum bending moment and torque.

Fig 2 Blade profile Fig 3 Shaft

Fig 4 Blade and shaft assembly

Fig 5 Side casings

Fig 6 Shredder assembly

1.5.2 BRIQUETTING MACHINE:

The output of the shredding machine is given to briquetting machine to form uniform
briquettes. Screw press type of briquetting machine is selected to produce continuous
briquettes. In this type briquettes are extruded through a longitudinal die by a screw. This
uses lot of energy but produces high quality briquettes.

Fig 7 Screw type briquetting machine

Source: http://www.gcmec.com/latest-news/biomass-fuel-densification-processing-methods-
and-equipment.html

1.5.3 FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS:

Previous method Proposed method

Waste produced(kg) 500/day
Machine capacity 50kg/hr 100kg/hr
Operating time 10 hrs 5 hrs
Fuel cost(₹) 1200/week/truck 870/week 1463/week
Labour cost(₹) 2000/week 2000/week 1000/week
Machine cost(₹) - 89,000 3,80,000
Annual cost(₹) 3,50,000/year 89,000(initial) 3,80,000(initial)
+1,50,000/year +1,30,000/year
1st year(₹) 3,50,000 2,40,000 5,10,000
2nd year(₹) 7,00,000 3,89,000 6,40,000
Comparing the previous method and currently proposed method, the payback period
would be 2 years
1.6 SCOPE FOR FUTURE WORK

The waste feeding into the machine can be automated. The resultant total
amount of waste that has been compressed can be used as fuel by adding additives. This
project can also be extended to PSG Tech Hostel waste and further can be used for
Coimbatore city Municipal Corporation.

1.7 CONCLUSION

, the proposed idea would possibly reduce the volume of waste being transported and
also would provide a means for substitute fuel. Thus, Zero Waste could be achieved in PSG
tech in the near future.