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Physical Performance Tests
Physical Performance Tests
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Ajeet Jaiswal
Pondicherry University
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Development Team
Prof. Anup Kumar Kapoor
Principal Investigator Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi
Module Id 31
14. Summary
Learning objectives:
The course provides introductory information to the field of Physical Fitness and
Components of Physical Fitness.
It includes the application of different Performance related components and Physical
Performance Tests
The study of this module enables the students at postgraduate level to understand the different
tests for assessment of Health related components, for Strength assessment and for assessment
of coordination etc.
The struggle for an individual to live a healthy and fit life has been matter of great concern
throughout the world. Man has to be fit and healthy to survive in his environment and enjoy
his existence. Man has always battled with the diverse nature of his environment-poor
weather conditions, shortage of food, flood and drought, earthquake, volcanoes and tsunamis
among others in order to survive. The humans who are not fit enough to overcome adverse
conditions or adapt to changing environment would eventually fall by the wayside or perish.
VO2max
An estimate of the subjects VO2 max can be calculated as follows:
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Analysis
Analysis of the test result is done by comparing it with the subject's previous results for this
test. It is expected that, with appropriate training between each test, the analysis would indicate
an improvement in the athlete's level of cardiovascular fitness.
Target Group
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Measurement Sites
The assessor records measurements taken from the following sites:
Triceps
The athlete’s arm to hang naturally by their side.
The assistant takes a vertical fold midway between
the shoulder and the elbow on the back of the arm.
Fig-1
Subscapula
The assistant takes a diagonal fold across the back,
just below the shoulder blade.
Fig-2
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Suprailiac
The assistant takes a diagonal fold just above the
hip bone.
Fig -4
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The assessor picks up the skin fold between the thumb and the index finger so as to
include two thicknesses of the subjects’ skin and subcutaneous fat.
The assessor sets the calipers about one centimeter from the fingers and at a depth equal
to the thickness of the fold
The assessor repeats each measurement three times and records the average value.
The assessor records the sum of the four measurements and uses this value to assess the
athlete’s percentage body fat
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Disadvantages
Specialist equipment required - Skinfold calipers
Meter Ruler
Tape
Procedure
The assessor secures the ruler to the box top with the tape so that the front edge of the
box lines up with the 15cm (6 inches) mark on the ruler and the zero end of the ruler
points towards the athlete
The subject sits on the floor with their legs fully extended with the bottom of their bare
feet against the box
The subject places one hand on top of the other, slowly bends forward and reaches along
the top of the ruler as far as possible holding the stretch for two seconds
The assessor records the distance reached by the athlete’s finger tips (cm)
The assessor calculates and records the average of the three distances and uses this value
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Box
Analysis
Analysis of the test result is by comparing it with the athlete's previous results for this test. It is
expected that, with appropriate training between each test, the analysis would indicate an
improvement in the athlete's flexibility.
Target Group
This test is suitable for active individuals but not for those where the test would be
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Disadvantages
Specialist equipment required
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4.7 Push-Up Test. The ACSM guidelines (ACSM 2005) for the push-up test are as follows:
With male subjects, utilize the standard “down” position, using the toes as the pivotal point.
The hands are shoulder width apart, the back is straight, and the head is up. With female
subjects, use the modified “knee push-up” position, with hands shoulder width apart, back
straight, legs together, lower legs in contact with the mat, ankles plantar flexed and head up.
Have the subjects raise the body by straightening the arms and then return to the starting
position, touching the chin to the mat. The stomach should not touch the mat at any time.
Instruct both men and women that the back must be straight at all times and the push-up must
be to a straight-arm position.
Count the maximal number of push-ups performed in good form without rest. Stop the test
when the subjects cannot maintain good form on two consecutive reps, or strains forcibly and
cannot continue.
Clerke (2005) conducted a study which examined the impact of the shape of the hand (as relatively
long, average, or square shaped) on maximal voluntary isometric grip strength in a group of healthy
male and female teenagers aged 13 to 17 years.
Analysis
Analysis of the test result is by comparing it with the subjects’ previous results for this test. It is
expected that, with appropriate training between each test, the analysis would indicate an improvement
in the subjects grip strength.
Target Group
This test is suitable for active individuals but not for those where the test would be contraindicated.
Advantages
Minimal equipment required
Simple to set up and conduct
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good 4.80 - 5.09 5.30 - 5.59 the same run, and then acceleration and peak
velocity can also be determined. It is usual to give
average 5.10 - 5.29 5.60 - 5.89
the subjects an adequate warm-up and practice
Fair 5.30 - 5.60 5.90 - 6.20 first, and some encouragement to continue running
poor > 5.60 > 6.20 hard past the finish line.
Results: You can use a measure of the time for the first 10 meters or yards from a stationary start as a
score for acceleration, and the time to run between 30-60 meters for a flying sprint speed, or maximum
running speed. This score can also be presented as a running velocity (distance / time). For sprint tests
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Analysis
Analysis of the test result is by comparing it with the subjects’ previous results for this test. It is
expected that, with appropriate training between each test, the analysis would indicate an improvement
in the subjects’ agility.
Target Group
This test is suitable for any sportspersons who are not sick or injured/
Advantages
Minimal equipment required
Simple to set up and conduct
Can be conducted almost anywhere
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Analysis
Analysis of the test result is by comparing it with the subjects’ previous results for this test. It is
expected that, with appropriate training between each test, the analysis would indicate an improvement
in the subjects’ static balance.
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Advantages
No equipment required
Simple to set up and conduct
Can be conducted almost anywhere
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Age High Score Above Average Average Below Average Low score
Analysis
Analysis of the result is by comparing it with the results of previous tests. It is expected that, with
appropriate training between each test, the analysis would indicate an improvement in the athlete's
hand eye coordination skill.
Target Group
This test is suitable for active adolescents but not for those where the test would be contraindicated.
Advantages
Minimal equipment required
Simple to set up and conduct
Can be conducted almost anywhere
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Table 13: Norms for Junior Male Sportspersons (adopted from: Hede et al. 2011)
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The world record for the standing long jump is currently held by Arne Tvervaag (Norwegian) who, in
1968, jumped 3.71 meters.
Analysis
Analysis of the test result is by comparing it with the subjects’ previous results for this test. It is
expected that, with appropriate training between each test, the analysis would indicate an improvement
in the subjects’ leg strength.
Target Group
This test is suitable for any active individuals but not for those where the test is contraindicated.
Advantages
Minimal equipment required
Simple to set up and conduct
The test can be easily administered
Disadvantages
Specific facilities required - long jump pit
Assistants required to administer the test
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Table 16: Norms in Sargent Jumps for 16 to 19 year olds (Davis 2000)
Table 17: Norms in Sargent Jumps for 15 to 16 year olds (Beashel 1997)
Table 18: Norms in Sargent Jumps for adult sportspersons (20+) (Arkinstall 2010)
Power Score
A heavier person jumping the same height as a lighter person has to do more work as they have a larger
mass to move. It is sometimes useful to convert the vertical jump height to units of power. Power
cannot be calculated (Power = Work ÷ Time) since the Time the force is acted on the body is unknown.
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Target Group
This test is suitable for active individuals but not for those who are contraindicated.
Advantages
Minimal equipment required
Simple to set up and conduct
The test can be easily administered
Can be conducted almost anywhere
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Table 19: Scoring table for four level abdominal strength tests
Score Criteria
0 Cannot perform
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4 no difficulty
Advantages: moderate sized groups can be tested at once, with minimal equipment required.
Disadvantages: scoring is subjective, and therefore results cannot be easily compared between groups.
14. SUMMARY
The tests to measure the health and performance related components are standardized and time tested.
Periodic and regular assessment of the subjects will give a clear indicator to the assessor about the
progress made with regard to general health or performance fitness. The norms should more often than
not be a guideline rather than qualifying test in case of assessment of general fitness. Here the criteria
guideline should be the subjects own previous performance and not the universal norms. However the
universal norms can be general guideline for the subject towards better health.
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