0.

1 Introduction
In a two-sided document the space in the inner side of the page is a bit larger.
There are several commands that have a special version for two-sided documents,
like figure alignment and page numbering. likewise we have to know about
something which is to be known. so that we can reach to the next
level findings.Abstract—Cognitive radio technologies enable users to
opportunistically access unused licensed spectrum and are viewed as a
promising way to deal with the current spectrum crisis.

Over the last 15 years, cognitive radio

technologies have been extensively studied from algorithmic design to prac-
tical implementation.)

0.1.1 theory
One pressing and fundamental problem is how to integrate cognitive radios into
current wireless networks to enhance network capacity and improve users’ ex-
perience. Unfortunately, existing solutions to cognitive radio networks (CRNs)
suffer from many practical design issues. To foster further research activities
in this direction, we attempt to provide a tutorial for CRN architecture de-
sign. Noticing that an effective architecture for CRNs is still lacking, in this
tutorial, we systematically summarize the principles for CRN architecture de-
sign and present a novel flexible network architecture, termed cognitive capacity
harvesting network (CCHN), to elaborate on how a CRN architecture can be
designed.

Unlike existing architectures, we introduce a new network entity, called sec-

ondary service provider, and deploy cognitive radio capability enabled routers,
called cognitive radio routers, in order to effectively and efficiently manage re-

1
source harvesting and mobile traffic while enabling users without cognitive ra-
dios to access and
In a two-sided document the space in the inner side of the page is a bit larger.
There are several commands that have a special version for two-sided docu-
ments, like figure alignment and page numbering. likewise we have to know
about something which is to be known. so that we can reach to the next level
findings.Abstract—Cognitive radio technologies enable users to opportunisti-
cally access unused licensed spectrum and are viewed

as a promising way to deal with the current spectrum crisis. Over the last
15 years, cognitive radio technologies have been extensively studied from algo-
rithmic design to practical
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