Chapter 2: History of Management Thought

Multiple Choice Questions

1. These perspectives of management fall under the classical school:

(a) Scientific management
(b) Administrative management
(c) Bureaucratic management
(d) A, B and C
(e) None of the above

2. ______ is widely accepted as the father of scientific management.

(a) Peter Drucker
(b) David Lilenthal
(c) Harrington Emerson
(d) Frederick Winslow
(e) Donald Trump

3. The elements of scientific management include:

(a) The study of work using scientific methods and time measurements
(b) The standardization of equipment
(c) Scientific recruitment, assignment and training
(d) A, B and C
(e) None of the above

4. Henry Gantt is best-known for his namesake tool, the:

(a) Gantt chart
(b) Gantt stick
(c) Gantt map
(d) Gantt model
(e) None of the above

5. Harrington Emerson contributed to the fields of industrial engineering and:

(a) Economic theory
(b) Management theory
(c) Factor analysis
(d) Competency testing
(e) None of the above

6. Henri Fayol wrote General and Industrial Management in which language?

(a) Russian
(b) Italian
(c) French
(d) English
(e) Malay

7. “Unity of direction” is the principle asserting that each set of activities must have:
(a) Distinct differences
(b) The same objectives
(c) One head

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(d) One plan
(e) B, C and D

8. Fayol contended that remuneration and compensation methods must provide:

(a) Fairness
(b) Maximum satisfaction to employees
(c) Maximum satisfaction to employers
(d) A, B and C
(e) A and B

9. Centralization:
(a) Refers to the degree of concentration or dispersion of authority in an organization
(b) Is most effective depending on the individual situations within firms
(c) Usually is bad for organizations
(d) A and B
(e) None of the above

10. Equity involves:

(a) Inciting devotion from employees
(b) Inciting loyalty from employees
(c) Managers’ justice
(d) Managers’ kindness
(e) All of the above

11. Max Weber was a:

(a) German scientist
(b) German sociologist
(c) French sociologist
(d) French Aristocrat
(e) None of the above

12. Weber’s bureaucratic management theory was the foundation for:

(a) Organization theory
(b) Group theory
(c) Monetary theory
(d) A and B
(e) A and C

13. Early pioneers of the classical management school:

(a) Thought of organizations as very fluid
(b) Saw work and organizations from a basically mechanistic perspective
(c) Were very abstract in their thinking
(d) A and B
(e) B and C

14. Human rationalists emphasized:

(a) The mechanical side of business
(b) Human irrationality
(c) The human aspect of business
(d) B and C

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(e) None of the above

15. The Hawthorne Experiments revealed that:

(a) The efficiency of workers is not the result of just physical states of work and monetary
compensation
(b) The efficiency of workers depends on pay-scales
(c) The productivity of workers depends on their satisfaction with their working environment
(d) A, B and C
(e) A and C

16. The Hawthorne Experiments drove Mayo to believe that:

(a) Human behavior was more vital in the work environment than had been thought
(b) Human behavior was not very important in understanding productivity
(c) Human attitudes were unimportant in the workplace.
(d) B and C
(e) None of the above

17. From the Hawthorne Experiments, Mayo proposed that:

(a) The organization is, in essence, a social system
(b) The social environment of the job influences workers
(c) The social environment of the job is influenced by workers
(d) At work, employees usually act as members of a group
(e) All of the above

18. From the Hawthorne Experiments, Mayo concluded that:

(a) Economic rewards are extremely important
(b) Economic rewards are unimportant
(c) Humans are motivated by various factors
(d) Humans are mostly motivated by socio-psychological factors
(e) C and D

19. The Human Relations Movement claimed that:

(a) Workers essentially react to the social context of their work environment
(b) Social conditioning is important
(c) Group standards are important
(d) Interpersonal exchanges are important
(e) All of the above

20. Abraham Maslow said that:

(a) Humans are motivated by a hierarchical set of needs
(b) People generally will satisfy lower-level needs before attempting to satisfy high-level
ones
(c) There are four sets of human needs
(d) A and B
(e) A, B and C

21. Maslow’s need of hierarchy explained that ______________________.

(a) everyone is more concerned with social needs than with safety.
(b) everyone starts from physiological needs
(c) not everyone prefers to start from physiological needs

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(d) everyone is able to achieve self-actualization
(e) C and D

22. For Maslow, social needs include:

(a) Love
(b) Adoration
(c) Belongingness
(d) Family relationships
(e) All of the above

23. Self-actualization:
(a) Is the highest stage of human needs
(b) Is the need to accomplish one’s true mission in life
(c) Concerns discovering and realizing one’s full potential
(d) A and B
(e) A, B and C

24. Social psychologist Douglas McGregor categorized the general behavior of people as:
(a) Theory X and Theory Y
(b) Theories X, Y and Z
(c) Rational
(d) Irrational
(e) Unpredictable

25. The Systems Approach:

(a) Is the most acceptable approach in modern management
(b) Usually is disregarded in modern management
(c) Sees an organization as an integrated system of combined parts
(d) A and C
(e) None of the above

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