Spark Ignited Natural Gas

Engine Technology
Clean Fleets Technology Conference
Sugar Land, TX, June 2014

Jorge Gonzalez
Regional Manager
Agenda
 Corporate Overview
 Natural Gas Technology Evolution
 Products and Markets
 Spark Ignited vs. Compression Ignited Engines
– Efficiency Factors
– Savings Model
– Durability

2
 Cummins Westport Inc. (CWI)
A Joint Venture of Westport & Cummins

Cummins Inc.

50% 50%

Delivered over 35,000 engines.

New 10 year Agreement 2012
3
CWI = 6 to 12 litre automotive natural gas engine
company, leveraging Cummins processes
Product CWI Cummins Tech Center
Engineering Engineering Cummins VPI Process

CWI Product
Manufacturing Cummins Plants
Management
CWI Segment Cummins Account
Sales Leads & Regional
Teams & Distributors
Managers

CWI Warranty
Warranty Cummins Warranty
Group

Parts CWI Customer

Cummins Distributors
& Service Support

4
Alternative Fuel Engines in NA
 Cummins Westport ISLG (CNG or LNG)
– Spark ignition, up to 320 HP, 1000 lb-ft torque.
 Cummins Westport ISX12G (CNG or LNG)
– Spark ignition, up to 400 HP, 1450 lb-ft torque.
 Volvo’s D13-LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas)
– Compression ignition, up to 455HP, 1750 lb-ft torque, LNG with
5% diesel pilot ignition.
 Volvo’s D13-DME (Dimethyl Ether) - 2015 limited production.
– Compression ignition, up to 460 HP, 1750 lb-ft torque.
 Conversion systems for dual-fuel systems:
– DualFlex+ (Detroit Diesel 12 and 14L), EcoDual (ISX on a
glider), Clean Energy Fuels (ISX), Landi Renzo (Detroit Diesel
S60 12.7L)…

Cummins Westport Feb 2014 5

 Natural Gas Engine Technology Evolution
1. Stoichiometric
• First technology used in HD 120
Rich Lean
natural gas engines
•Low NOx with TWC 100

Percent Maximum Nox

• Combustion temperatures limit
power density, efficiency and 80

Stoichiometric
durability
60
2. Lean Burn
• Introduced in ’90s 40
EGR Lean Burn
•NOx control is in-cylinder
•Lean combustion reduces in 20
cylinder temperatures improving
power density/efficiency 0
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
•Proven reliability/durability in
heavy duty applications Air / Fuel Ratio
•Capable of EPA 07 Euro4/5
emissions
3. Stoichiometric with Cooled EGR
• Combines & Improves the best attributes of Stoichiometric & Lean Burn combustion
• TWC for NOx control - Sub-EPA 2010 emissions with passive aftertreatment
•Cooled EGR in place of air in Lean Burn reduces in cylinder combustion temperatures
• Improved low end torque and fuel economy Cummins Westport Confidential 6
Benefits of Stoichiometric EGR Combustion
 Increased power density
– Torque curves are virtually the same as diesel
– Diesel-like transient response/performance
– More torque at idle than lean burn (+34%)

 Increased thermal efficiency

– 5% fuel economy improvement vs. lean-burn natural gas engines
– Lower CO2 emissions (GHG benefit)

 Decreased emissions
– Meets US EPA 2010 emission standards
– Lower carbon (greenhouse gas) emissions
– Quiet - ISL G is 9.9 decibels quieter than ISL9 at Idle/no load.
– Simple, passive, maintenance-free three way catalyst aftertreatment

7
CWI Combustion Technology
Spark Ignited Stoichiometric with Cooled EGR
Stoichiometric EGR (SEGR)
Spark
Three Way Catalyst
Plug
Architecture

Three Way
Catalyst

EGR Cooler
Spark Ignited Charge Air Cooler

 Fuel, EGR and air are

premixed outside the cylinder

 Spark plug ignites the mixture

Fuel
 Air flow controls fuel flow
Throttle
 Air/Fuel ratio controls
emissions

8
2010 Engines Aftertreatment Comparison

SCR Catalyst Particulate Filter

2010 Diesel
Heated
Urea Tank Urea ECM
Dosing
Control
Unit

Cummins TWC

Three Way Catalyst

9
Three Way Catalyst
 TWC reduces three harmful emissions: NOX, CO, HC
 End products are: N2, CO2, H2O
 Packaged as part of muffler
 Simple, passive device
 O2 Sensor connects to ECM
 Consistent performance across all duty cycles

Catalyst Inlet Catalyst Outlet

NOX N2
CO CO2
HC H2 O

ISL G / ISX12 G TWC

 Cummins Westport Product Line

B Gas Plus ISB6.7 G C Gas Plus ISL G ISX12 G

ISB5.9 G ISC8.3 G

2016

5.9 Liter 6.7 Liter 8.3 Liter 8.9 Liter 11.9 Liter
150-230 hp 200-260 hp 250-280 hp 250-320 hp 320-400 hp
Euro 5, EEV EPA 2013, Euro 6 Euro 3, 4 EPA 2013 EPA 2013
Development Euro 5 by 2014 Euro 5, EEV Up to 36,000
started in 2012; Kg GVW
Up to 37,500
2016 launch
miles/year and
30,000Kg GVW

11
 Key Markets in North America
Application Transit and Refuse Truck and School Bus,
Shuttle Bus Collection Tractor Street Sweeper,
Package
Delivery,
Market Size ~ 5 K Annual ~ 5 K Annual ~ 300K Annual ~ 35K Annual
Market Market Market Market

Engine ISL G ISL G ISL G ISL G

ISB6.7 G (2015) ISX12 G (2013) ISX12 G (2013) ISB6.7 G (2015)
ISB6.7 G (2015)
OEM with Cab Over Freightliner
NABI
CWI engine Autocar Kenworth
New Flyer Blue Bird
available Crane Carrier Peterbilt
Gillig Thomas
Peterbilt Mack
ElDorado Elgin
Mack Volvo
Nova Bus
ALF Navistar

12
 CWI North America Engines - Cumulative

Over 30,000
CWI engines
have been sold
in North
America
through Dec
2013, with 30%
in transit and
33% in refuse

CWI Confidential
Spark Ignited Engines vs.
Compression Ignited Engines

Nikolaus Otto Rudolph Diesel

14
Internal Combustion Efficiency Factors

Pumping Pumping
Efficiency Efficiency
(intake) (exhaust)

 Combustion Efficiency
− Compression Ratio
− Air / Fuel Ratio

 Mechanical Friction
15
Efficiency Factors Comparison
Natural Gas Diesel
Efficiency Factors (SI) (CI) Advantage
Pumping efficiency (intake) Throttled No throttle Diesel
Combustion efficiency:
– Compression Ratio 11/1 18/1 Diesel
– A/F Ratio 15/1 up to 30/1 up to
Diesel
23/1 50/1
Same mechanical
Mechanical friction Similar
hardware
3 way
Pumping efficiency (exhaust) DPF/SCR Similar
catalyst

Overall impact: Expect 10-15% less efficiency for spark

ignited natural gas engines.
16
Cost Savings Comparison Diesel vs. NG

Cummins Westport Feb 2014 17

Value Spec Summary

Note: ISL G not recommended above 60,000 miles per year

Cummins Westport Feb 2014 18
Durability
 Cummins Westport expects our natural gas engines to
have the same durability as their diesel parents.
– Common design standards
– Common engineering validation standards
– Common components
– Common assembly line

19
Summary
 Stoichiometric EGR technology provides Diesel like
performance, ultra-low emissions with simple passive
after treatment.
 Spark ignited natural gas engines provide significant cost
savings per mile.
 Factory-built natural gas engine durability = Diesel

20
Considering NG can lead to many
questions…
Do NGVS make sense
for me?

What about Driver

Training? Where do I find fuel?

What engine should I buy? What about parts &

service for NG
engines?

Is my shop ready for

NG?

Cummins Westport Confidential April 2014 21

 Cummins Westport Natural Gas Playbook
 Available only from Cummins, the 5 step Playbook provides information
and resources for the key steps involved when implementing natural
gas into a fleet.
 Contact your Cummins or Cummins Westport representative for details.
1 2 3 4 5
Operate &
Assess Specify Prepare Implement
Maintain
Fleet profile OEM Confirm fuel availability Conduct fuel quality
test Conduct daily
Routes & loads maintenance &
Chassis Confirm service & parts Conduct pilot truck test inspections
Environment & terrain availability
Current fuel profile Engine
Complete facility Confirm fuel economy Monitor fuelling
modifications & range procedures
NG fuel availability Transmission &
gearing Obtain permits, Develop rollout plan Monitor fuel
Fuel price expectations
licenses & approvals consumption
Fuel type & quality Truck delivery & PDI
Service capability Operations & Conduct scheduled
Fuelling procedure maintenance training Conduct driver training maintenance &
Incentives inspections
NG fuel system type, Safety training
Regulations & codes Conduct fuelling
capacity &
Fire & emergency training Conduct scheduled fuel
Facility requirements configuration
response plan quality inspections
Test problem resolution
Previous experience Safety equipment
Define driver training processes
process Manage & resolve
Business case Warranty package Infant care support problems
Define problem
Risks & mitigation Delivery dates resolution processes Kick off event 22
www.cumminswestport.com

■ Great source of information about natural gas engines and vehicles.

■ Features the Natural Gas Academy, a series of instructional videos
■ Designed to provide a general overview of natural gas as a fuel
whether it is compressed (CNG) or liquefied (LNG), and how it is
used with vehicles.

Cummins Westport Feb 2014 23

CWI Contact Information
 Bill Boyce, Regional Manager - East
– bill.boyce@cummins.com
– Office: (330) 534-8352
– Cell: (330) 720-9785

 Jerry Johnson, Regional Manager-West

– jerry.j.johnson@cummins.com
– Cell: (303) 396-9821

 Jorge Gonzalez, Regional Manager -

Texas and Mexico
– jorge.gonzalez@cummins.com
– Cell: (512) 650-6465

 Jeff Campbell, Director, Marketing

– jeff.campbell@cummins.com
– Office: (604) 718-2099
– Cell: (604) 318-4790