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Abstract— The speed control method of brushless dc In the output waveform there is harmonic fulfilled
motor is especially used in an electrical vehicles , to minimized this inverter are used which having
because it having constant torque, higher efficiency, and good frequency characteristic and utilization of dc
very smooth speed control. Duration of speed control voltage. In this system the electronic circuitry used
the current increases (ripple) is reduces due to adding for controlling, inverting and for speed measuring
of resistances by using four switch method which is due this electronic circuit the harmonic are introduce
commonly known as four switch three phase inerter. these harmonics nothing but the positive integer
There are three windings used which has phases a, b multiples of the fundamental frequency [11][12].
and c. In BLDC motor phase- a, phase-b supplied but
the phase-c which connected in between two capacitor The AT MEGA328P microcontroller used to
which connected to dc supply having back electro- work as pulse width modulation when input is
motive force (back emf). Now adding two regulating interrupt generated four relay switch typically added
vectors conducting vector and non conducting vectors the amount of resistance due to that added of
which is used AT MEGA 328P Microcontroller which resistance its reduce and control the current and
gives faster and continues operation in conduction as speed of the motor reduce by adding of resistance.
well as in non conduction region. In this paper studied The series and parallel motor have drawback of
about current control scheme is prove effective due to variations in speed and torque the BLDC reduces this
its literature survey.
drawback and give beautiful constant torque nature
Keywords—Brushless DC Motor, Four Switch Three
[13]. The BLDC motor have high initial torque, In
Phase Inverter, Current Control Scheme, Microcontroller built hall sensor and due to absence of brushes less
maintenance is required.
I. INTRODUCTION BLDC motor has trapezoidal output waveform as
In electrical vehicles specially in gear changes shown in fig.2 due to it gives continuous operation in
system and in speed control method the motor used in conduction region [15]. This method of current
this system is BLDC motor [1]-[3]. The BLDC motor control scheme and speed control method used in
have permanent magnet on rotor side and it have Tesla car and also used in Delhi, India in e –
higher fluctuation in frequency, initial high torque rickshaw runs on BLDC motor same control scheme
characteristic and absence of brushes all this features used to control the speed and also automatic gear
increases the application of BLDC motor [4].due this changes system by push button whenever need to
desirable features the BLDC motor used change the gear press a button gear changes similarly
comparatively ac motor and dc motor[5],[6]. speed increase and decrease by this method.
The motor convert electrical power into The current controlled by four switch three phase
mechanical power and for converting ac power into inverter (FSTPI) in BLDC motor [14]-[16].The three
dc power inverter are used. By using microcontroller phase winding process, phase-a and phase-b are
output voltage and frequency can control by current conduction method, phase-c is non-current
switching of switches. switching the four switch of conduction because of back EMF applied. The phase
inverter which connected two series capacitance are – c winding of BLDC motor driven FSTP Inverter
used in FSTPI is connected between the two DC and the other two phase winding are DC linked
capacitance fed one phase to bridge arm in switches operation the method we used is PWM method but
which connected in phases a, b and c each phase have For Continuous operation microcontroller used to
two switches due to which work as an inverter name BLDC Motor driven by FSTP Inverter [17]. The fig 1
as six switch three phase inverter [7]. The inverter shows the actual connection of BLDC motor and also
switching state Allowed to giving the output represent connection of four switches and also the
waveform as shown in fig 1. filters connected in the form of capacitors.
This paper is studied based due to the convention
requirement of this method [8][9].
II. OPERATION OF SPEED CONTROL OF In a typically voltage fed BLDC motor with 180
BLDC MOTOR BY FSTPI degree conduction. The voltage applied to A, B, C
phases winding could be as given in TABLE I. In that
The speed control of BLDC motor is shown in
case consider table I shown that the situation when
fig.1. A ac supply provided as input supply to the
switches 6, 1, and 2 are on in that condition the
bridge circuit and it converts it into dc supply which
negative terminal connected to phase-b, phase-c and
filters harmonic by using capacitor filter. Then it
the positive terminal connected to phase-a to the DC
passes supply to six switch three phase inverter
supply. The armature MMF’s is then directed along
which converts dc into ac supply which supply to
phase A neglecting the delay of current rise due to
controller circuit to operate stop, forward and reverse
self inductance when the next set of switches (1, 2 &
operation. This circuitry operates on four quadrant
3) are on, the armature MMF moves by 60 degree
operation which having four level of operation of
(Electrical). This causes the rotor magnet to rotate it
controlling the speed. The synchronous motor
experiences a torque and rotates by another 60 degree
similarly to the permanent magnet BLDC motor used
and rotor also moves by the same angle in this way
due to BLDC it used rotor position sensor is
rotor will moves continuously move on. This paper
automated system which allowed to rotor to rotate in
presents a FSTPI BLDC motor drive by balancing
specific angle rotation which help to control the
average phase voltages for each interval[18]-[20].
speed very smoothly and give the output waveform in
Hall-sensors are used for obtaining rotor position and
pure dc.
motor speed since sensor less control algorithms may
The permanent magnet on BLDC motor on rotor cause problems at startup because back-EMF
side and coil arrangement on stator side which couldn’t be sensed while rotor is not moving. Also, in
having six coils by applying DC power the coil is low speed range, rotor position couldn’t be obtained
energized and become a electromagnet. The precisely. The each switches of inverter determined
operation of force action in between rotor permanent the non conduction duty ratio formed due to pwm
magnet and coils are energized electromagnetically. signal.
In this situation the opposite polarity pole energized
Fig 2.shows the connection of switches F1, F2
each other and same polarity ripple each other this
and F3, F4 through inverter. The three phases have
process repeated and rotor is continuously rotated.
Due to this operation it gives beautiful constant phase current , , and .the , is connected to
torque in nature. A Brushless DC motors has a the inverter legs directly where is connected to in
construction identical to that similarly to synchronous between two capacitor which have output dc supply.
motor which having permanent magnet rotor. The For obtaining dc voltage and regulated frequency
conventional three phase AC winding stator used taken from inverter. The switches which used in this
which is either star or delta connected. If the surface conduction is ideal switch that not consume or
of the rotor mounted permanent magnet on it known dissipate any power from its sources. When used with
as surface mounted permanent magnet rotor. switching logic, it can used to simplified model
semiconductor devices such as GTO or MOSFET etc.
In a BLDC motor the stator windings are sequentially for logic gate it used switches in numbering sequence
switched with DC current or voltages. fig 2.shows the F1 to F4. There for close state represent by ‘1’ and
actual circuit connection of a three phase inverter open state represent by ‘0’. The switches operate on
Each switching pattern of the rotor remains constant the sequence of F1 to F3 and F2 to F4 fixed sequence
for 60 degree (Electrical) rotation of the rotor. for controlling four switch three phase inverter. Two
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2019 5th International Conference on Advanced Computing & Communication Systems (ICACCS)
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2019 5th International Conference on Advanced Computing & Communication Systems (ICACCS)
REFRENCES
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