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Introduction to EEG Sensor ( Mind Wave )

Technical Report · July 2017

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 INTRODUCTION TO EEG SENSOR

MINI TUTORIAL

| FAWZI ABDULLA AL-AZRAQ |

|For Engineers, Medical fields and those interested |
| 29 july 2017 |
What is the sensor
A sensor is a device that detects, responds and understands to some type of
input from the environment. The specific input could be light, temperature ,
motion , moisture , pressure, heart rate , or any one of a great number of other
environmental phenomena and applications . The output is generally a signal
that is converted to human-readable display (we can understand it ) at the
sensor function or further processing. Sensors have a common property its
convert the information into an electrical signal.

It is known in the science of electricity if you get any electrical signal fixed
properties represent information that is easy to handle and build or sensitive
measurement tool. Here are a few examples of the many different types of
sensors:

1 - An oxygen sensor in a car's emission control system detects the

gasoline/oxygen ratio, usually through a chemical reaction that generates a
voltage. A computer in the engine reads the voltage and, if the mixture is not
optimal, readjusts the balance.

2 - Motion sensors in various systems including home security lights, automatic

doors and bathroom fixtures typically send out some type of energy, such
as microwaves, ultrasonic waves or light beams and detect when the flow of
energy is interrupted by something entering its path.
3 - Ultrasonic waves This sensor sends and receives frequency and based on
the data using a relationship (speed = distance / time) used for example in
measuring distances , robotics and is used in monitoring shapes such as radar .

This image represents the way the sensor works

How to connect sensors

In general, sensors are divided according to their use to medical , chemical and It is used
in artificial intelligence and processing processes . but how can they be used ?

I said before that the sensor is the process of converting the information into an electrical
signal , the shape of electrical can be as electric pulse or triangular signal or not accurate
descriptions and sometimes modulation wave .
If we get electrical signal it becomes easy to work applications in any field so we can
connect sensor directly with the Electronic circuits or Electronic controller It can be not
programmable such as : Integrated circuit (IC).

Or Programmable such as :

1 – Microcontroller

2 - Microprocessor

And some controller depend on them such as : Arduino , Raspberry pi and AVR .

Now before we connect sensor with controller you should know some details :

Sensor must contain the power source + Data lines output and some times input .

At least the sensor consists of two lines .

Now after taking the information(Electrical Signals) from the sensor we can insert it into the
processor, and do the required work .

EEG sensor
Produced by the “NEUROSKY” company . technique of brain signals
(electroencephalography) to control machines just using thinking.

Description :

This sensor can turn brain signals into orders, the person thinks then turns the thinking into
an electrical signal and is inserted into the processor to carry out the order may be it :

1 – Mobile phone application.

2 – Windows application.

3 – Games.

4 – Driving the car.

5 - Medical and Engineering Uses

How can connect it :

Sensor connectivity can be connected via Bluetooth or wireless using controller or direct
with phone or computer .
 This example for connection using Arduino controller with Bluetooth

This picture monitor shows analysis of Electroencephalography :

What we need to start using EEG sensor
1- Version of EEG Sensor :

A B C

D E
 2- TGAM development kit ( NEUROSKY EEG BRAIN WAVE KIT ) .
this kit especially for module “A” if I want to explain this sensor using module A because
available in the market and its price is acceptable

Kit includes :

A - Think Gear AM

TGAM is the core of our brainwave sensing technology. TGAM allows NEUROSKY partners to bring
EEG-based consumer technologies to market quickly and efficiently. The TGAM is the world’s most
popular EEG solution.
 Together with dry-electrode, it senses the signals from the human brain, filters out extraneous noise
and electrical interference and converts to digital power. This “brain-power” can be used in health
and wellness, education and entertainment.

Embedded within the TGAM, is the TGAT chip, a powerful, fully integrated single chip EEG sensor.
The chip comes programmed with NEUROSKY, amplification off head detection, and noise filtering
for EMG and 50/60Hz AC powerline interference. The TGAM is priced to power mass adoption in
toys, mobile devices, educational gear and medical other products.

Electronic Design

B – Bluetooth

It is used to send signals to a phone, game, computer, or signal

device drawing .

C - Battery case : Sensor power supply

D - Dry stainless steel sensor

E - Ear clips

F – Cable
G – Open BCI ( optional ) , but High coast

Some modules

3 – Controller , we can use Arduino , raspberry pi or direct with computer and android .
EEG sensor connection
We can connect Mind Wave and Arduino and control led Neuro sky offered this project for free ! as
shown :

Features
• Interfaces with the Mind Wave with the RF USB dongle for stand-alone operation

• Acquiring the Attention and Meditation eSense values from the data stream.

• Displaying your Attention level using LEDs

Introduction
is step-by-step guide is intended to quickly get a typical Arduino board user up and
running with the Mind Wave. is guide will show how to setup the RF USB module quickly
for communication with the Mind Wave and gives example code to parse the output stream.
e parsed output stream can then be used to perform various tasks such as to control the
speed of a motor, to light up LEDs, and to control the position of a servo motor, etc.

Interfacing to the Mind Wave

Interfacing to the Mind Wave requires the user to hack the USB dongle. e following
describes easiest way to quickly get up and running using an Arduino board. e Arduino
is sold by a vendor listed in the sources section. e Mind Wave and USB dongle are
available at the Neuro Sky Store.

Required Materials

is application requires the following materials:

• Mind Wave

• Arduino Diecimila or Duemilanove

• RF USB dongle

• Arduino development environment

 • Avago HDSP-4832 10-Element LED bar graph array

• 4 75 resistors

• 6 74 resistors

• Breadboard

• Spark Fun Level Converter

• 12V Power Source (included with Arduino Board)

System Overview

system uses the Aduino's hardware UART for both USB communication and
Bluetooth communication. After the system is up and running, the Arduino may be
detached from the computer and run independently.

e basic programming is as follows:

1. Connect the dongle to the Arduino board..

2. Connect the LED array to the Arduino board.

3. Download the provided example code into the Arduino board using the Arduino
development environment.

4. Power up the whole system and observe the Attention eSense value on the LED
array.
Detailed Instructions

Connecting the dongle to the Arduino Board

Connecting the dongle to the Arduino Board requires removing the plastic covering
from the dongle and soldering wires to 4 of the pins.

1. Remove the plastic covering from the USB dongle.

2. Once the cover is off, you should see the board shown below (Note: Bottom
View Orientation)

Dongle Schematic

3. Find the 4 pins, located in the center of the board.

4. Starting at the end with the ‘ + ‘ sign the pin assignments are:
 - Pin 1 (starting at +): 3.0 V Power
- Pin 2 : TX
- Pin 3 : RX
- Pin 4 : Ground
-
5. Solder wires to these 4 pins, leaving enough wire to make the necessary adjustments.

6. Connect the boards together, according to the schematic shown below

Circuit Schematic

Cutting Traces on the dongle

In order to for the dongle to properly receive the TX signal from the Arduino, two traces
on the board must be cut. Looking at the dongle from the top, there are two traces
leading from the TX and RX pins to the CH340 chip. With an X-Acto knife, cut these
two traces. After the traces have been cut, check the connections with a DMM to
ensure that the CH340 chip (pins 3 &4) is no longer connected to the TX and RX pins.

Powering the Arduino

e Arduino may be powered by USB, by battery, or by an external power supply.
Please see the Arduino hardware page here http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Hardware for
more information.
Getting started with the Arduino development environment

Please see Arduino Getting Started guide here http://arduino.cc/en/Guide/HomePage

Or use youtube

Arduino Code Description

Arduino code is based on the C/C++ language and requires very little else to get started. All the details or
regular microprocessor development such as processor clock speed, programming speed, clock sources,
etc. are all initialized by the Arduino core. With this in mind, the Arduino system will still be able to perform
much of the required tasks with no problem at all. e simplicity of using the microprocessor peripherals
combined with the C language along with the sample code provided provides for very quick interface to the
Mind Set. e user is encouraged to extend the Arduino code by appending code after the indicated section
where the packet has been checked for a valid checksum.

ereafter, the user may use the eSense values to do one of many things possible.
Some of which is to control the brightness of an LED, the height of an object, etc.

e bulk of the code is used for parsing the packet data. For further information, see
the Mind-Set Communication Protocol document in the Mind Set Development tools
(MDT). e MDT is available at the Neuro Sky Store for free. http://store.neurosky.com

Syncing the Arduino Board

1. Open Mind_Wave.pde

2. Tools > Board > Arduino Diecimila

3. In Control Panel > Select Device Manager

(a) Look in “Ports” to see which COM port the USB Serial Port is connected to

4. Tools > Serial Port > Select the corresponding COM port

Running Mind_Wave.pde

1. Once you have synced the program and your board, disconnect the TX and RX
lines coming out of the Arduino

2. File > Upload to I/O Board

3. Once the program displays “Done Uploading”, you can disconnect the USB serial
port and run the Arduino from independent power source.

4. Reconnect TX and RX lines.

 5. Power up the Arduino Board via power source

6. Arduino should have green PWR LED lit and dongle should have red LED lit

7. Turn on Mind wave Headset

8. Hit “Reset” button to pair the Mind Wave to the dongle.

9. Once connected Mind Wave LED and dongle LED will both turn blue.

10. Enjoy observing your Attention eSense value on the LED array.

Switching to Attention/Meditation Mode

e default eSense reading in Mind_Wave.pde is attention. To switch the program to
measure your

meditation level, requires changing a few lines of code. Inside the pde le, locate the
code shown below:

MindWave.pde
 Inside these lines of code, replace “attention” with “meditation” to operate in meditation.
If you are switching back to attention mode, replace “meditation” with “attention”.

Material Sources :
www.neurosky.com
Sparkfun Electronics

http://www.sparkfun.com

More information about the Arduino can be found here: http://www.arduino.cc

For more projects open kink www.github.com then search for python-mind wave and processing-
neuro sky

1 - Android Developer Tools https://store.neurosky.com/products/android-developer-tools-4

2 – Mind Wave Mobile and Arduino

http://developer.neurosky.com/docs/doku.php?id=mindwave_mobile_and_arduino

3 – Creating a Meditation Stoplight with Octoblu, Phillips Hue and Neurosky Mindwave

https://www.citrix.com/blogs/2015/02/10/creating-a-meditation-stoplight-with-octoblu-phillips-hue-
and-neurosky-mindwave/
 Finally this product available on the market and is in the name of : Puzzlebox Orbit Brain-
Controlled Helicopter / Mind Wave Mobile .

Yes ! you can control helicopter just using mind wave ..

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