Abstract

Internet and computer have transformed everyday life; usage is increase and if we
analyse 2017, annually there was an approximate of 3.9 billion Internet customers
globally. This gives a view that internet is use by more than half of the worldly
population, China have 829 million customer so it is leading in online population,
then India have 560 milloin customer and then United States have 293 million.
However, in 2017 Pakistan have 15.5% of internet customers. So, we can say that,
in 2003 share of the internet customer of Pakistan increased from 5 % to 15.5 %
means that in 2017 internet customers are increasing at an average rate of 8.72%
yearly. It is evident that internet bring many benefit societals and offer future high-
tech and medical progress. At the same time, in Pakistan cybercrimes are becoming
common. It is not easy to understand what really cybercrime is because many
literate people inluding lawyers, scholars, computer literate people or a very
knowledgible person, are confuse about the real concepts of cybercrime, they
include many other things which are unrelated to cyber crime to define cyber crime.
Plus many Pakistanis are unable to acknowledg the laws and rules set for cyber
crimes, this unawareness of common people give free hands to cyber crimers to be
succeed in thier mission without being caught. My research work shows details
about the cyber crime in Pkistan , it’s definition, also issues and remedies. Cyber
crime speed ups that require the existing legislation to work on the subject, the
legislator needs to legislate on the matters which are not covered under the existing
legislation.
 Introduction
Speedy rise of information technology is transfiguring our community and its
institutions which have created numerous difficulty,which is a Cyber crime. It has a
broad range of applications in every domain, and it has personally or we can say
nationally affected nearly all parts of the community. Nonetheless, progressing
countries are not familiarize from technological gain, these lack in high-tech
development which leads to computer crimes and other related different issues and
problems. Increasing numerous electronic crimes in our country are not covered
under any relatable legislature. However, in 2016 Prevention of Electronic Crimes
Act, does not have a lot of the currently occuring and new crimes. It is not possible to
find the exact solution for describing the exact work of any organization. Pakistan is
freshly introduced in the cyber world that is why; it has many significance to
understand its contribution at what platform Pakistan is, in case of cyber world. In
Pakistan, however, three decades ago most of Pakistani were unaware of cyber-
crimes therefore commission of cyber-crimes was not significant enough. Internet
help or support the world with number of welfare to community and business; but
these favour opens doors for criminal activities also. In Pakistan internet market has
expand multiple with the large number of the internet customer in big cities both as
land and population, in addition to small number of customer in other cities and rural
areas. These cities provide majority of the “customer base and expansion in
activity is also likely to remain primarily confined to these cities because of the
concentration of economic activity in these cities”1. The “speedy growth of
internet customer is in Pakistan. There were almost negligible amount of
internet customer in Pakistan in 2000, but in 2014 this quantity increased up to
13.80 million which continues in 2015 as well”2.

“The total number of internet customer increased from 13.80 million to 29.1
million from July 1st, 2014 to November 30, 2015. Due to this speedy growth
Pakistan became member of top ten internet using countries at 9 th position”3

The availability of computers and the internet connections, provide “unprecedented

opportunities to communicate and learn in Pakistan. However, certain
individuals (and corporations) do exploit the power of the Internet for criminal
purposes”4. Hence, we can easily wind up that Pakistan is not free from cyber crime
problems. In Pakistan, first law on cyber-crime was approve through “Electronic
Transactions Ordinance, 2002”5, which addressed a few crimes, as the main
purpose of the Ordinance was “ to recognize and facilitate documents, records,
information, communications and transactions in electronic form, and to
provide for the accreditation of certification service providers”6. Thus, it was a
step towards the newly develop era, till the promulgation of Prevention of Electronic
Crimes Act, the provisions of this Ordinance were used to cover the cyber-crime. But
under this Ordinance many aspects of cyber-crime were not covered. With the
disclosure of electronic crime, the demand for laws on the subject increased. As a
result, in 2007 Pakistan’s President publicize “the Prevention of Electronic Crimes
Ordinance, 2007”, to spread lawful coverage on few of the known and new crimes.
Similarly, the same Ordinance was again promulgated in May 2008, February 2009
and the last promulgation took place on 4th July 2009. “These Ordinances were
not tabled in parliament and lapsed on completion of constitutional time as, in
Pakistan; the Presidential Ordinance is only applicable for one hundred and
twenty days”7 from the date of its promulgation. These Ordinances were a stop gap
arrangement, which borne no fruit for judiciary as well as for law enforcement
agencies. We can easily wind up that there was no particular law to cover the cyber
related issues in Pakistan till the approve of Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act.
Masses are not seriously looking forward for significant steps to protect the nation
from cyber crimes where in most cases it is not possible to apprehend the offenders
who are either not within national borders or because they are working secretly.
However, “the newly approve legislation strengthens the law enforcement
agencies by extending the International cooperation for investigation
purposes”8. Elimination of cyber crime totally from the cyber space is challenging, it
is quite possible to take suitable initiatives to reduce it by creating understanding
among the customer of the internet. “The initial step is to make people aware of
the sensitiveness of these crimes and further make the application of the acts
more severe to check the commission of crime”9.

Definition of Cyber Crimes

The leading problem for the cyber
crime’s is the absence of proper
definition for the description of term
cyber-crime, some lawful
authorities tried to define this term
but still there is no solidarity on the
perfectly defining this term. Cyber-
crime is generally described as
“cyber-crime is a generic term
that refers to all criminal
activities done using the
medium of computers, the
internet, cyber space and the in
whole world web.”10 In other
words “The term ‘Cyber Crime’ is
used for the offences in which computer is involved in any form”11. This
definition does not cover many aspects of the cyber-crime but we can say
“Computers and the internet provide base for these crimes, so these crimes
are also known as ‘computer based crimes’”12.

“In some cases computer is the target of the crime, but it is not necessary,
computers may be the source of the crime as well. In almost every cybercrime,
now a day, computers are at the both sides of the crime i-e it is the target as
well as the source of the crime”13.
Cyber crime in Pakistan
In Pakistan internet is in use of almost every person. Majority of the people uses
internet in their daily life. Pakistani visit different websites for online jobs, shopping,
gaming and for entertainment. Social media websites are mainly visited in Pakistan.
Pakistani internet customer mostly time pass on Facebook, their favorite
website.This use of internet has many of internet customer. Like coins internet
customer have two faces as well. Variety of criminal minded internet customer are
also present in cyber world which are so dangerous for our country security. Such
criminals are present in each
community of the world as well as in
Pakistan. With the use internet and
computers as tools these criminals
are committing cyber crimes. These
criminals may damage computer
systems, steal or corrupt user’s
data, steal user’s id organization;
credit/debit card information etc.
These criminals attack the target
computers by using internet to
commit crimes. They may have
many aims and motives behind
these attacks “55.2% of the
criminals attack by using internet
for committing cybercrimes.
Other motivations behind these attacks include hacktivism 32.2%, cyber
espionage is at 9.2% and cyber warfare is at only 3.4%”14.
Issues
Cyber crime may endanger a particular person or a nation's security or guard and
financial health. That is the main reason to take strong concerns about cyber crime
and solve this issues. Issues surrounding these sort of electronic crimes have
become high-profile, particularly those regarding hacking, “social engineering
(phishing), malicious software, cyber bullying, electronic vandalism and
extortion, money laundering, idorganization theft, website defacement, virus,
trojans and worms, hacking, cyber stalking (cyber terrorism), cyber
pornography (child pornography), e-mail bombing, e-mail spoofing, data
diddling, electronic forgery, salami attacks, logic bombs, internet time theft,
web jacking, denial of service attacks (dos attacks), cyber crime related to
finance, cyber crime related to mobile and wireless technology, devices for
use in offence, unauthorized issuance of sim cards, offence against dignity of
natural person, tempering of communication equipment”15.
Remedies
In Pakistan there are over 100 million customer of smartphones. Pakistan has been
included to fastest growing countries list that are using the internet, this leads to the
fact that cyber crime is increasing simultaneously as well, yet there isn’t any proper
legislation for cyber crimes in Pakistan.However, if you know someone being bullied
online or are a victim yourself, here’s what you need to do.
“1. Register a complaint through FIA
Simply write down your application (in English or in Urdu), narrate your
complete problem, provide as much evidences, details as you can and send it
to FIA National Response Center for Cyber Crimes(NR3C).
2. Lodge a report via IC3
The IC3 accepts online Internet crime complaints from either the actual victim
or from a third party to the complainant. Check out their website to see how to
report.
3. CPLC to the rescue!
The Citizens-Police Liaison Committee (CPLC) has set up a women complaint
cell aimed at dealing with women harassment issues across the
country. Complaints can be made on these numbers: 021-35662222, 021-
35682222.
4. Snapshot on Snapchat
If your account is being misused or hacked, you can submit a report by filling
in the harassment form available on the official website. It’s that simple!
5. Madadgaar National Helpline
From psychological counseling to legal aid, this is the organization you should
look up to for help. The cherry on top, it’s cost-effective too!
6. Fake Instagram account? No more tears.
Instagram’s ‘abuse form’ actually works. Even if you don’t have an official
account, you can still fill out the form. Cheers!”16
These ways are easy and a normal internet user who don’t have expertise in
electronic, computer or internet can use them. For common people in Pakistan
these ways should me use to report these cyber crimes so that our higher authorities
should know the main and common problem in our country and as a result they can
take strong actions againt it.
 Literature review

“customer base and expansion in activity is also likely to remain primarily

confined to these cities because of the concentration of economic activity in
these cities”1 The “speedy growth of internet customer is in Pakistan. There
were almost negligible amount of internet customer in Pakistan in 2000, but in
2014 this quantity increased up to 13.80 million which continues in 2015 as
well”2 “The total number of internet customer increased from 13.80 million to
29.1 million from July 1st, 2014 to November 30, 2015. Due to this speedy
growth Pakistan became member of top ten internet using countries at 9 th
position”3 “unprecedented opportunities to communicate and learn in
Pakistan. However, certain individuals (and corporations) do exploit the power
of the Internet for criminal purposes”4 “Electronic Transactions Ordinance,
2002”5 “ to recognize and facilitate documents, records, information,
communications and transactions in electronic form, and to provide for the
accreditation of certification service providers”6. “These Ordinances were not
tabled in parliament and lapsed on completion of constitutional time as, in
Pakistan; the Presidential Ordinance is only applicable for one hundred and
twenty days”7 “the newly approve legislation strengthens the law enforcement
agencies by extending the International cooperation for investigation
purposes”8 . “The initial step is to make people aware of the sensitiveness of
these crimes and further make the application of the acts more severe to
check the commission of crime”9 as “cyber-crime is a generic term that refers
to all criminal activities done using the medium of computers, the internet,
cyber space and the in whole world web.”10 “The term ‘Cyber Crime’ is used for
the offences in which computer is involved in any form”11 “Computers and the
internet provide base for these crimes, so these crimes are also known as
‘computer based crimes’”12. “In some cases computer is the target of the
crime, but it is not necessary, computers may be the source of the crime as
well. In almost every cybercrime, now a day, computers are at the both sides
of the crime i-e it is the target as well as the source of the crime”13.

Methadology

Participant:
I will adopt simple random sampling procedure for my report. For our
proposal the volunteers will be male and female both of age group above 19 and are
students of Sind Madrasa tul Islam University (SMIU).

Research Design:
For our report we will use qualitative method. It will be
explanatory work because we want to attempts to connect ideas to understand
cause and effect. The measures I will use here are questionnaires. Questionnaires
will be unstructured and close ended.

Instrumentation:
In my report I will use some standardized questions for analyzing
the answer. The instrument is score in manner of knowledge and effectiveness
based.

Procedure:
I will go to Sind Madrasa tul Islam University (SMIU) and recruit
participant by simple random sampling by selecting 10 participants from each year.

Limitation:
We just collect data of our university and not ask or analyzed people with
their religion because every religion have its own value.

Result and discussion

According to questionnaires, it is found that majority of the students in our university

who are computer literate; do use internet or online systems for their daily work.
About 82%, more than half of the students do use internet. A big size of computer
literate and internet using persons do have knowledge of cyber crimes. Acts for
combating cyber crimes in Pakistan are not well known in the students; but about
54% of people know what a cyber crime is. Only a fewer 20% of people have
excellent knowledge about cyber crimes at expert level. 8% people are those who
never heard about cyber crime acts. Surveys mentioned that there are some
important reasons for this understanding .
 More than half of the students have antivirus installed in their PC/ Mac.
 Large number of students suffered from cyber crimes in their life due to the
daily use of internet and computing. Mainly they use internet in their daily life
from 6 to 8 hours or more.
 15% of students having debit/credit card suffered from credit/debit cards
Frauds and they don’t feel safe giving their information online
 40% of students have been victims of hacked accounts.

In Pakistan, there is only a minor unit of Federal Investigation Agency known as

National Reponse Centre for Cyber Crime is working to combat with cyber crimes.
The procedure for complaint making to this unit is not so simple and easy. Majority of
the internet customer in Pakistan even do not know about its presence in the
country. This unit is working just at federal level; no other organization is working at
district or provincial level for cyber crime elimination. Lack of understanding about
technology and internet computing in internet customer is the big reason for poor
effectiveness of the cyber crime acts in Pakistan.

Conclusion and recommendation

Pakistan has passed many rules and regulations and ordinances like Electronic
Transaction Ordinance 2002, Pakistan Electronic Crime Ordinance 2009 and
Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act 2015 for making a strong legislation system
against cyber crimes. But these lawful documents are not properly execute due to
insufficiency of understanding about these acts and poor performance of
enforcement agencies of the country. The question raised at beginning of the paper
in research methodology about the knowledge and effectiveness of cyber crime
answered by survey conducted to deal with all the issues related with cyber crimes in
the life of students of our university.
Pakistan has a very talented human resources if we take example of two Pakistani
brothers from Lahore created first computer virus known as Brain. They actually did
that to take revenge from customer who sold pirated copies of software developed
by them. To let victims know that they are doing so, and to protect their copyrights,
„friendly virus‟ that they wrote was stamped with their names, phone numbers and
the address of their shop. So I want to wind up that the new generation are capable
of securing cyber system but we are only lacking in directions and policies and which
is not possible without good cyber managers and planners. Our computer literate
students are responsible for controlling cyber crime plus to make our country free
from cyber crime.

Reference
1. Zibber Mohiuddin, “A paper presented on: Cyber Acts in Pakistan; A situational
Analysis and way forward”,
(International Judicial Conference on June 24, 2006 Supreme Court of Pakistan
Islamabad), 17.
2. [Book]Effectiveness of Cyber Crime Laws in PAKISTAN auther: Tariq Mehmood
Malik
http://121.52.159.154:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1595/1/Effectiveness%20of%20Cyber.
pdf
3. Ibid
4. Zibber Mohiuddin, “A paper presented on: Cyber Acts in Pakistan; A situational
Analysis and way forward”,
(International Judicial Conference on June 24, 2006 Supreme Court of Pakistan
Islamabad), 17.
5. Electronic Transactions Ordinance, 2002 (LI of 2002).
6. Ibid. Preamble.
7. Pak. Const. art. 89, cl. (2) (a) (i)
8. S. 42 of PECA, 2016.
9. Mohiuddin, “Cyber Acts in Pakistan, 19.;
http://supremecourt.gov.pk/ijc/articles/10/5.pdf (useed on 5th March 2015)
10. [Book] Prashant Mali, A Text Book of Cybercrime and Penalties (Indiana:
Repressed Publishing LLC, 2006), 3
11. [Book] Effectiveness of Cyber Crime Acts in PAKISTAN auther: Tariq Mehmood
Malikhttp://121.52.159.154:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1595/1/Effectiveness%20of%20
Cyber.pdf
12. Ibid
13. Ibid
14. Ibid
15. Ibid
16. https://www.parhlo.com/6-ways-to-report-cyber-harassment-in-pakistan/