Emerging Issues of Tourism Industry

In case of Jakarta (Indonesia).

Tourism

“Tourism is the industry and department of the state that renders its services for transportation,
accommodations, societal establishments, entertainment and recreational businesses, and other
hospitality services for the individuals or the groups travelling away from home.”

Introduction:

Jakarta is the capital city of the Republics of Indonesia since the independence of the country in
1945, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world and suggested as a ninth
largest urban population by density. The 2010 census counted some 9.58 million population of
Jakarta. The Jadeodetabek metropolitan area of Jakarta is the second largest in the world. Jakarta
followed the infrastructural development after the WWII and in 1966 it got equivalent status of a
province. Jakarta has the landmarks and monuments that attract the both foreign and local
tourists. Jakarta itself is the one of the most attracted tourist spot in other Indonesian popular
tourist destinations. There are museums and monuments that attract the tourists around the world
which correspond to the growing tourism industry. Jakarta has both wet and dry seasons, which
add distinction to the urban busy life of the city. Jakarta in Indonesia is the most anticipated
tourist spot, by both foreign and local tourists. By government’s efforts, tourism industry has
grew up in Jakarta. There are many monuments and popular places in Indonesia but Jakarta holds
the most attraction by places like Monas and Kota which are nationally and internationally
famous for their historicity and symbolism of patriotism in Indonesia. After several campaigns
by Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Indonesia, that holds the official authority of Indonesian
tourism, tourism industry has been promoted since then favorably. Jakarta is located on the
north-coast of the Java island and typically receives rainfall throughout the year , while exclude
the few months onwards from October. Jakarta is the city in the world that is going too fast in
urbanizing, being the largest city of Indonesia, Jakarta holds an important status regarding
institutional services. the archeological findings evidence the history of Jakarta to the 1st century ,
later on it started urbanizing slowly by nineteenth century. The south Asia’s largest megacity is
ethno linguistically diverse , Jakarta has a pronounced status in Indonesia, as being the cultural
and economic center of the country , it is also the central focus of local as well as foreign
tourists. Tourism industry has grew up so well in Jakarta that it contributes considerably to the
income source of tourism in Indonesia , however after few hiatus years, in 2001, tourism industry
of Indonesia has received greater marketing from Jakarta. Jakarta has an active spot in eyes of
tourists around the world.

Objectives :

 Analyzing the development of urban tourism in Jakarta.

 Analyzing the importance of urban tourism in Jakarta.

 Analyzing the development strategies for the urban tourism in Jakarta.

 Analyzing the sustainability of Jakarta.

 Analyzing the cultural tourism of Jakarta.

 Analyzing the natural, ecotourism and sustainable tourism of Jakarta

 Comprehending the cultural and urban tourism of Jakarta.

Section-A

Urban Tourism

The tern urban tourism vaguely defines itself, it is an ambiguous term. Urban with tourism
signifies the term as being localized in space without specifying the context and limit of itself.
Urban tourism is not just about the tourist activities in cities, but it is about a set of resources or
activities that are located in a city, that assure the provision of entertainment, business or other
sources to the visitors . Tourism in urban areas is all enhanced by the development of the cities ,
they being festive, playful and sustainable regarding basic necessities also act as the hub
equipped with latest technology, entertainment, recreation spots, plenty of interaction with locals
and encounter of fossilized contemporary living areas with modern culture and ethnicity. In this
regard, Jakarta is the city contextualized as heavily urbanized city, internationally popular for its
highly urban life style. Jakarta has its historical roots back to thousands of years, firstly
evidenced by the Indian goods in the areas, Jakarta became the center majorly around sixteenth
century, the country also reigned by Islamic rulers, Dutch etc. Jakarta then saw the development
of Monas area after Kota, there are finest historic spots in the city today, after WW1, city has
developed and the migrants from around world has transformed the archipelago into one of
Asia’s largest and most overcrowded megalopolises. Jakarta has variety of food courts , top
notch restaurants are everywhere, there are many shopping malls , with high-end design and
accommodation, international brands are there, with entertainment , cinemas , night clubs etc.
Jakarta is strategically positioned in the archipelago of the country that the city provides gateway
principally to rest of the country. Jakarta has developed and sophisticated land, air and sea
transportation system . Jakarta is entitled as a tourist area, having the largest and most modern
airport in the whole country, though the city is purely urbanized but has also the contrast, of
traditions and modern culture, quite acculturated , diversely ethnic.. Jakarta has diverse ethnicity
and cultural groups that present well the motto of the country; Unity in Diversity.

Importance of Urban Tourism

Tourism Industry plays an essential role in the road to prosperity of the country. Growing tourism
industry also shapes the psychological view of the residents regarding their homeland; popularity
also brings an air of confidence among the common lives. Tourism industry has realized its
importance among the authorities. A civilization developed from rural to urban and then
contributed into the economy, by nothing but itself, a well-kept developed state offering itself as
an ideal tourist spot. Industry of urban tourism of any country plays its part in economy
significantly, by visit of thousands of tourists yearly around the globe. The industrial sector
which doesn’t suffer from doom unless ignored by the central power, grows and becomes the
major income source of the country, along with recreational sites, it provides employment.
International chains also get a chance to accommodate; enhancing business networks of locals
also for example recreation providers, transporters, shopping malls etc. This industry also
contributes in the ethical and social needs of local people, culturally groomed society inculcates.
Jakarta is a highly urbanized city, popular for monuments, museums, Kota and monas etc.
Tourism business of Jakarta is blooming and contributing a handsome share in the sources of
Indonesia. Urban tourism in Jakarta has boosted business markets, it developed the network of
the whole society, betterment in employment, education, industrial, and communication and
transportation systems has been observed.

Urban tourism development strategies

Tourism , though is an industry which plays a key role in an economy but at the same time can
speed up the economic crash. Governments do keep a check and maintain their policies
regarding tourism clear but sometimes , development of tourism generates economic problems ,
because of weak economic strategies on which the industry is structured, thus , economic
strategies play an essential role in the development of tourism. Strategies could be such as ,

 Checking structural and safety measures for tourist spots in order to secure the tourists .

 Laws must be defined for domestic tourism.

 Marketing strategies for tourist spots , enhancement of tools to advocate a positive and
glorious image of Jakaratans and the historicity of the city itsef.

 Structure the outlooks and developments of the tourist spots , more foreign friendly and
internationally standardized.

 Seek the planning and structuring of strategies to develop tourism in Jakarta

comprehensively.

Effects and impact of urban tourism

Jakarta is the city which has urbanized itself at a very fast pace and helped in coping the
economic crisis to a large extent , though , urban tourism also effects the atmosphere, societal
and environmental phenomena of a community , weather it gets positive or negative , urban
tourism does leave an impact , a lasting one. Jakarta has also received the effects of urban
tourism dwindling in between positive and negative.

High growth rate in Jakarta has brought upheaval among property rates and land rates , there is
also deficiency of land. Over populated Jakarta suffers through infrastructural problems, as the
city receives rainfall throughout the year, severe sanitation problems and water floods like
problems have ignited inflation. Thus urban tourism in Jakarta has skillfully transformed the city
into an internationally recognized largest metropolis but has also effected structurally, posing
threats to the economy, infrastructural problems etc. As Jakarta has high density, there are serious
issues emerging regarding space, property rates are snowballing and the deficiency of land is
another major issue at hand. Jakarta has the urbanization rate 5.6 percent annually ( in period
1995-98). Jakarta is the country’s major economic engine that produces 18 percent of the
national GDP but it has increasing poverty , the government has taken steps for the urban poor
but no consistent outcomes has been observed. Jakarta has many poor communities, causing
urgency and pressure, suffering through water supply. Government of Jakarta fails to control
these inculcating problems, because of climate, city is prone to flooding, and authorities of the
city haven’t been able to manage these sectors. Provision of transportation, green space,
affordable housing and clean water, health care , education, basic necessities of living , are not
met , the city is highly urbanized but these issues are growing way out of control. Jakarta , the
highly sophisticated and urbanized city also suffers from traffic congestion, public transports has
been developed , but again the high number of population fails to accommodate in a small area.
Water supply has been emerged, due to rainfall throughout the year , many areas of the city stay
sink, particularly the north of the city. Sea level is rising, due to which land is subsiding; such
issues are creating difficulties for the citizen of the city. The city is already over populated and
consistent immigration of people into the city are all escalating the problems like cost and
housing. Growing agglomerations, partially developed around the city has clogged the areas with
water and pollution issues. Poor sanitation network of the city has caused pile of collected dump
around shores; recycling industry’s inefficiency is destroying the city’s beauty. All these
vulnerabilities of the city are due to lack of dedicated coordination between the agencies, the
whole city is vulnerable to disasters , very few areas are immune to floods but the shores are
most susceptible to pollution. High inflation, rising property rates , over population, crisis of
basic necessities, haphazard of natural disasters ,rising poor communities in Jakarta is getting
high , settlement of immigrants illegally are causing crime. The city engrossed in these problems
is losing its way to powerful tourism to grow a successful tourism industry.

Cultural tourism

Cultural tourism is also a type of tourism which is related with state’s culture, its lifestyle in that
particular location , its historical aspects , religion, architecture ,art and all other elements that
frame the lives of the people of that city or country. Cultural tourism includes the areas such as
historic or urbanized parts of a state , areas that are culturally rich , museums , monuments ,
statues and theatres etc. other than the urban areas , rural areas are also included in cultural
tourism as they also naturally depict the culture of that area , their festivals , events , values ,
lifestyles , traditions , rituals , all these in rural communities show culture and are included in
cultural tourism. It is deemed that cultural tourism is more productive than standard tourism in
economy wise. Cultural tourism can play a fruitful role in the development of the different
regions of the country. Cultural tourism is termed as the travelling of individuals or groups to
culturally attractive places far from their own homelands, observing the foreign culture. Thus it
could be said that the more attractive , aboriginal and unique the culture would be , the more
popularity it would receive in the eyes of the world , but just a culture is not enough to ignite the
power of a growing cultural tourism , but it requires development , attention of authorities ,
broader national policies to popularize the area and the accommodation of standardized lifestyle
for foreigners. This study pursues the role of cultural tourism in Jakarta, the status of the industry
of cultural tourism in the national capital of Indonesia. The activities that fall in the umbrella of
cultural tourism is broad , some interesting and holistic activities of the city Jakarta are
mentioned over here. Cultural tourism is just what overlaps with the mainstream ‘tourism’. The
professionals of tourism industry call it as the travel directed toward experience for arts, heritage
etc. Imagine a place void of a culture , it would behold no attraction in the eyes of , thus culture
makes a great difference.

Architecture
Jakarta is the part of world’s largest archipelagic country, with a history, the urban area is divided
into north , south, east , west and central areas. Jakarta have skyscrapers and luxurious places
with fine restaurants, well oriented with malls and clubs. Its architecture offers an ideal spot for
tourists , museums and historic places ,all add a lot to its attraction. Its park called as "Indonesia
in Miniature". The group of islands called as Thousand Island extensively recreated with resorts ,
museums and beautiful beaches. Skyscrapers in the center of this urban city, with historic
buildings in the North, the old area of the city called as Kota , all these add a touch of both urban
and cultural instincts of the city. Jakarta has many museums , for art , history , music , theatre
etc.

Historic properties

The capital of Indonesia has a profound history , goes back to 157 , when it was just a small
harbor town called Sunda Kelapa, later on it was named by Fatahillah of the neighboring state as
Jayakarta. This name means the ‘city of Great Victory’. Today Jakarta is the administered by a
governor , it also has a status of a province, it is considered the gateway to Indonesia.

Ecology

The national emblem of Indonesia is ‘diverse over unity’ which shows the projection of cultural
diversity in ethnic groups of the country is projected. Today Jakarta is the Asia’s most prominent
metropolitan centers, it have a modern look with skyscrapers, with malls , museums , monuments
etc. The citizens of the city keep pace with the development of the urbanized state by the charity
and raising their lifestyles , cultural richness is appreciated and dynamically accepted.

Festivals and cuisine

The popular foods of Jakarta are Soto Betawj , cooked from beef. Jakarta has rich food variety,
available everywhere, from street sides to high-end dining restaurants. Being the capital of
Indonesia, it also has wide variety of traditional foods of different regions of the country. Other
than Indonesia food, local and of other provinces, Jakarta also has Chinese, Japanese, Korean ,
Thai , American , French , Italian , Vietnamese, and all globally popular dishes are found in
Jakarta. Thus Jakarta offers everything just what exactly a tourist spot ought to, it has the ability
to accommodate foreign compassion in its rich culture and busy urban society.

Language and culture

In Jakarta , English language is topmost preferred foreign language, though the Jakaratans are
not well versed in it. Being the economic center of the Indonesia , yearly many immigrants
migrate to Jakarta in search for employment and better fortunate lives, their dialects , languages,
accents , customs , values , lifestyles , leave impact. Today , the native dialect of Jakarta is used
as an informal , as a street language, this language was originally based on the Betawi language,
thus because of the language , customs and arts related to it are also deemed lower. There is a
significant number of Chinese population in Jakarta , though officially their population is under
reported , they are mostly resided in old urban areas , Chinese culture has also its impact on the
culture of city. There are art centers , music centers , high-class hotels , the talented individuals
move to the city from around the country , in search of name and fame.

Problems and issues in urban and cultural tourism

As Jakarta is the one of the most densely populated cities, this over populated city struggles
through climatic haphazards and structural accommodation, as there are skyscrapers in the city,
the rest is the densely unappealing face. The information regarding these vulnerable communities
is not yet accurately quantified but these informal settlements in the urban city are highly visible,
they are brutally prone to climatic hazards. Government of Jakarta has developed comprehensive
plans to address the climatic hazards, poverty, over population, flooding, water supply , but the
outcomes seem to be not enough palpable. This megacity also suffers through unemployment;
there are many small informal businesses which contribute a lot in the city’s economy.

The slums in Jakarta has been an issue for Government, because these communities are on the
brink in climatic hazards, these unidentified illegal and informal settlements are because of
failure of authorities in tackling the over population of the city, which is the root problem of the
other problems. Tourism in this regard, is framed only to the modern vicinities and areas with
skyscrapers. Issues in water management and drainage along the coast also blur the beauty of the
urban city. The city is always on the brink of floods because of raining , extreme hydrological
events , tidal anomalies.

Conclusions and recommendations

The projection of an the city as an ideal tourist spot is well represented , the city presents itself
well with the heritage, equipped with modern technology , international standard, skyscrapers
and for recreation spots. The city shows its history by number of museums and monuments that
are specifically intriguing for tourists. Overall, the rich culture of Jakarta, ethnicity, busy yet
industrious and optimist lifestyle serves best in tourism. The city has low crime rate. The city
authority has done well in regard to promote tourism industry of the city.

Recommendations
 There is a lack of beauty in few corners of the city , government should take steps to
remove the unappealing informal settlements and transform them into developed
colonies.

 Government needs to develop tourism industry by maintaining the provision of basic

necessities to its citizens , such as , water issues , sanitation problems that make the
city ugly , recycling industry , security and safety measures for haphazard.

 Government should issue plans for the over populated city , as they are contributing
in the unemployment, crime, adjustment in society , water pollution in the city.

 Government should take steps to embellish the alienated densely populated

communities like monas and kota , to bring them also as an attraction in tourism
industry.

Section-B

Natural tourism
Natural tourism is the form of tourism which relates with travelling to natural world, carried in such a
manner that it promotes the safety and protection of natural and man-made communities. This type of
tourism is generic, as it means travelling for a natural area, as a destination, in this regard, it may range to
a small park to a flight to hike on hills, but nature is a primary focus. Natural tourism is considered the
small fraction of the overall global tourist industry but it is deemed to be the fastest growing tourism
markets. Growing natural tourism inculcates employment opportunities, generates incentives for
biodiversity conservation in government owned and private lands, both in rural and urban areas. It is the
type of tourism in which nature based attraction is used for tourist activities, such as recreation,
adventure. Collectively in natural tourism, the natural and artificial settlements are pursued.

Jakarta in Indonesia is considered as the most beautiful city, though particularly in nature. It is the
modernized mega city which has little to offer its natural beauty; it is still the center of tourist attraction
throughout Indonesia. Jakarta has few unspoiled beaches which still have their beautiful views intact,
there are 27 islands on the Java Sea, and the city also offers its nature by frequent raining throughout the
year. Skyscrapers , modern view of the Jakarta also considerably attract the tourists , the very dense
settlements with the urbanized sky high buildings , all contribute a lot to the natural tourism of tourism
industry of Indonesia.

Museums

Museums in Jakarta are iconic, located in center of the city; the museum is an archeological,
historical and geographical museum. There are monuments, art galleries, national galleries, that
have preserved culture, history and arts of Jakarta.

Monas

Monas is one of the most popular areas of Jakarta, a peak gold plated, that looks shining bright in
the night, and people from all social stratums are attracted toward it. Jakarta is the city with
distinct arts and culture festival events. Jakarta has well kept the archeological reservation of its
history in Monas.

Ancol

Jakarta has a largest park popular for its recreation, established in 1966, in the North of Jakarta
called as Ancol. Ancol park is a theme park , with hotels , nightclubs and pools , situated at the
Bay of Jakarta , the park serves best in terms of nature tourism. It is one of the most attracted
spot to tourists.

Beaches

Jakarta has preserved its natural scenic beauty well, as the Sea world, which is one of the largest
oceanarium in Jakarta. There are some unspoiled beaches that still beautify the shore of Jakarta,
with resorts, such as Carnival beach and Festival beach.

Kota

Kota, the downtown of Jakarta, most travelled in the city, has the roots of the city, with history
and the most acculturated place in the city . This is also known as the Old Jakarta.

Eco Tourism

It is the form of tourism, which maintains the environment, is called as ecotourism. It aims to
sustain a balance and positive effect of tourism on local areas and environment; it aims to
decrease the environmental impact of tourism. Ecotourism has purpose to educate the travellers
with natural areas, educate them regarding their economic and political development. Ecotourism
realizes the social and environmental responsibility; it demands promotion of the recycling,
water supply and storage, employment in the city etc.

In ecotourism, the tourist spot itself is the sole attraction for example; hiking and camping at a
place with the purpose of learning about the area may be rightly an ecotourism type of tourism.
In ecotourism, travellers pay great attention to preserve the environment and nature of the area,
avoid any kind of harm and impact, such as recycling, water sanitation issues, carbon footprints
etc. Ecotourism is specifically related to preserve the ecosystem of that area.

The ecotourism society defines this from tourism as the responsible travel to natural areas while
conserving the environment and improving the condition of the residents , in Jakarta , it may
rightly be defined as the activities of responsible travelling in intact areas or in areas which have
the role of nature, in order to enjoy natural beauty , like education, conversations favorable for
the economy of people of the city. Ecotourism contributes positively to the conservation of
nature; it acts as the tool for sustainable economy. Jakarta is the capital of the country which has
five principles for ecotourism which well fits on the meaning of ecotourism in the city:

 Support nature

 Conservation programs

 Involve local communities

 Provide economic benefit of community most immediately affected by tourism activity.

 Preserve the socio cultural and religious values of the local community.

Sustainable tourism

It is the form of tourism, which intensifies the meaning of ecotourism further; it aims to make
only a positive impact on the environment, society and economy. This form of tourism
contributes to the betterment of environment economically, for example recycling, water
management, reduction of air and land pollution etc.

Sustainable tourism is an ambiguous term, as nature tourism and ecotourism; they all overlap
with each other.

Sustainable tourism is a more responsible tourism, as it serves to surge the economy of that area.
Often the term sustainable tourism is confused with ecotourism, while actually the latter is an
aspect of sustainable tourism. In sustainable tourism, acceptance and absorption of local culture
is encouraged , while promoting tolerance between your culture and local one. Sustainable
tourism enhances economy, for example by purchasing local products etc., in this form of
tourism, the more locals are involved the better the economy gets. Sustainable tourism also
provides a social meaning, as it pays attention to a society as a whole.
Problems and Issues

The basic problems and issues encountered in nature, eco and sustainable tourism leave a
negative impact on the tourism industry in a state. In Jakarta , over population and densely
populated areas around the central Jakarta blur the beauty of the city , all along with culture and
history , everything loses its value when an area is water polluted, over populated and always on
brink of natural haphazard. Jakarta suffers through severe environmental problems, while at the
same time, a first stop over for tourists, as the sky high buildings attract tourists. Government of
Jakarta has examined several times the key issues in nature tourism of the city but every plan
seems to further fighting the nature of the city. If water and flood issues are resolved then the city
would be enough to bloom the tourism industry all along.

Sustainable tourism considers three areas , the environment , economy and socio cultural. Jakarta
has poverty in its agglomerations which can be reduced by sustainable tourism. The government
doesn’t need to urbanize the informal settlements but it needs to provide them the opportunity by
sustainable tourism. Contribution of sustainable tourism in the tourism industry have brought this
mega city an ideal tourist spot in the eyes of world , but it needs to improve its tourism
performance, in poverty , employment , conserving the environment.

Conclusions and Recommendations

Jakarta pictures itself as an urban city, but has to accept its beauty in the form of growing
agglomerations and rural settlements, there is a dire need to embellish them and raise their status
like the center of the city , while preserving their natural historic beauty. Its areas like Kota and
the monuments all around the city are the evidence of the interest of authorities to keep pace in
tourism industry of the country , but the constant climatic haphazard destroy the beauty of the
city , government should define a plan to adjust the over population in other areas and water
management plans . The city has everything to be an ideal tourist spot except few issues bounded
by nature but they can be resolved if approached scientifically then temporary adjustments.
 Recommendations

 Government should devise projects for water flooding in the city , especially in the North
of the city when raining of consecutive three days even sinks the city.

 Growing population in the city is the root problem of unemployment , unappealing façade
of informal settlements , water sanitation issues , thus for these , such policies must be
defined by the authorities that stop the immigrants from around the country , illegal
settlements must be removed from the city which occupying the larger portion of the city.

 The country should promote nature and natural beauty in the city , so Jakarta can have
forests , parks and clean beaches , the government should implement the go green policy
and save the city from deforestation. As natural beauty is a major attraction in any area.
References