Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC

Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC), an early digital computer. It was generally

believed that the first electronic digital computers were the Colossus, built in
England in 1943, and the ENIAC, built in the United States in 1945. However,
the first special-purpose electronic computer may actually have been
invented by John Vincent Atanasoff, a physicist and mathematician at Iowa
State College (now Iowa State University), during 1937–42. (Atanasoff also
claimed to have invented the term analog computer to describe machines
such as Vannevar Bush’s Differential Analyzer.) Together with his graduate
assistant Clifford E. Berry, Atanasoff built a successful small prototype in 1939
for the purpose of testing two ideas central to his design: capacitors to store
data in binary form and electronic logic circuits to perform addition and
subtraction. They then began the design and construction of a larger, more
general-purpose computer, known as the Atanasoff-Berry Computer or the
ABC.

Howard Aiken
Aiken studied at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and later obtained his
Ph.D. in physics at Harvard University in 1939. During this time, he
encountered differential equations that he could only solve numerically.
Inspired by Charles Babbage's difference engine, he envisioned an electro-
mechanical computing device that could do much of the tedious work for him.
This computer was originally called the ASCC (Automatic Sequence
Controlled Calculator) and later renamed Harvard Mark I. With engineering,
construction, and funding from IBM, the machine was completed and installed
at Harvard in February, 1944.[5] Richard Milton Bloch, Robert Campbell and
Grace Hopper joined the project later as programmers.

ENIAC
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer) was the world's first
general-purpose computer. ENIAC was designed and built for the United
States Army to calculate artillery firing tables.

John William Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert are the scientists credited
with the invention of the Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer
(ENIAC), the first general-purpose electronic digital computer, which was
completed in 1946.

EDVAC
EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer) was one of the
earliest electronic computers. Unlike its predecessor the ENIAC, it was binary
rather than decimal, and was designed to be a stored-program computer.

UNIVAC
The UNIVAC I (UNIVersal Automatic Computer I) was the first general
purpose electronic digital computer design for business application produced
in the United States.It was designed principally by J. Presper Eckert and John
Mauchly, the inventors of the ENIAC. Design work was started by their
company, Eckert–Mauchly Computer Corporation (EMCC), and was
completed after the company had been acquired by Remington Rand (which
later became part of Sperry, now Unisys). In the years before successor
models of the UNIVAC I appeared, the machine was simply known as "the
UNIVAC".
INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
An integrated circuit, or IC, is small chip that can function as an amplifier,
oscillator, timer, microprocessor, or even computer memory. An IC is a small
wafer, usually made of silicon, that can hold anywhere from hundreds to
millions of transistors, resistors, and capacitors.

IBM 101
The IBM 101 Electronic Statistical Machine, introduced in 1952, combines in
one unit the functions of sorting, counting, accumulating, balancing, editing,
and printing of summaries of facts recorded in IBM cards.

1st HARD DRIVE

RAMAC 305
In 1956, the first hard drive to be sold commercially was invented by IBM. This
hard drive, shipped with the RAMAC 305 system, was the size of two
refrigerators and weighed about a ton.

1ST INTEGRATED CIRCUIT

An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit (also referred to as an
IC, a chip, or a microchip) is a set of electronic circuits on one small flat piece
(or "chip") of semiconductor material that is normally silicon. The integration
of large numbers of tiny MOS transistors into a small chip results in circuits
that are orders of magnitude smaller, faster, and less expensive than those
constructed of discrete electronic components.

Jack St. Clair Kilby (November 8, 1923 – June 20, 2005) was an American
electrical engineer who took part (along with Robert Noyce) in the realization
of the first integrated circuit while working at Texas Instruments (TI) in 1958.
He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics on December 10, 2000. To
congratulate him, American President Bill Clinton wrote, "You can take pride
in the knowledge that your work will help to improve lives for generations to
come

ATLAS
The first Atlas was commissioned in 1962 but working prototypes of paging
had been developed by 1959. In 1961, the Burroughs Corporation
independently released the first commercial computer with virtual memory,
the B5000, with segmentation rather than paging.

Tom Kilburn CBE FRS (11 August 1921 – 17 January 2001) was an English
mathematician and computer scientist. Over the course of a productive 30-
year career, he was involved in the development of five computers of great
historical significance.

MOUSE
A computer mouse is a hand-held pointing device that detects two-
dimensional motion relative to a surface. This motion is typically translated
into the motion of a pointer on a display, which allows a smooth control of the
graphical user interface. The first public demonstration of a mouse controlling
a computer system was in 1968. ]

Douglas Carl Engelbart (January 30, 1925 – July 2, 2013) was an American
engineer and inventor, and an early computer and Internet pioneer. He is best
known for his work on founding the field of human–computer interaction,
particularly while at his Augmentation Research Center Lab in SRI
International, which resulted in creation of the computer mouse, and the
development of hypertext, networked computers, and precursors to graphical
user interfaces.

MOORE'S LAW
Moore's Law is the observation made in 1965 by Gordon Moore, co-founder
of Intel, that the number of transistors per square inch on integrated circuits
had doubled every year since the integrated circuit was invented. Moore
predicted that this trend would continue for the foreseeable future.

1ST FLOPPY DISK

A floppy disk, also known as a floppy, diskette, or simply disk, is a type of
disk storage composed of a disk of thin and flexible magnetic storage
medium, sealed in a rectangular plastic enclosure lined with fabric that
removes dust particles. Floppy disks are read and written by a floppy disk
drive (FDD).

Alan Field Shugart (September 27, 1930 – December 12, 2006) was an
American engineer, entrepreneur and business executive whose career
defined the modern computer disk drive industry.

PERSONAL COMPUTER
A personal computer (PC) is a multi-purpose computer whose size,
capabilities, and price make it feasible for individual use. Personal computers
are intended to be operated directly by an end user, rather than by a
computer expert or technician.

Henry Edward "Ed" Roberts (September 13, 1941 – April 1, 2010) was an
American engineer, entrepreneur and medical doctor who invented the first
commercially successful personal computer in 1975. He is most often known
as "the father of the personal computer".

William Henry Gates III (born October 28, 1955) is an American business
magnate, investor, author, philanthropist, and humanitarian. He is best known
as the principal founder of Microsoft Corporation. During his career at
Microsoft, Gates held the positions of chairman, CEO and chief software
architect, while also being the largest individual shareholder until May 2014.

Paul Gardner Allen (January 21, 1953 – October 15, 2018) was an American
business magnate, investor, researcher, humanitarian, and philanthropist. He
is best known for co-founding Microsoft Corporation alongside Bill Gates in
1975, which would help spark the microcomputer revolution and later became
the world's largest personal computer software company.

Apple Computer 1, also known later as the Apple I, or Apple-1, is a desktop

computer released by the Apple Computer Company (now Apple Inc.) in
1976. It was designed and hand-built by Steve Wozniak. The idea of selling
the computer came from Wozniak's friend Steve Jobs

MS-DOS is an operating system for x86-based personal computers mostly

developed by Microsoft. Collectively, MS-DOS, its rebranding as IBM PC
DOS, and some operating systems attempting to be compatible with MS-DOS,
are sometimes referred to as "DOS".
The IBM Personal Computer, commonly known as the IBM PC, is the original
version of the IBM PC compatible hardware platform. It is IBM model number
5150 and was introduced on August 12, 1981.

The Macintosh is a family of personal computers designed, manufactured

and sold by Apple Inc. since January 1984. The original Macintosh was the first
mass-market personal computer that featured a graphical user interface,
built-in screen and mouse

Microsoft Windows is a group of several graphical operating system

families, all of which are developed, marketed and sold by Microsoft. Each
family caters to a certain sector of the computing industry.

The World Wide Web, commonly known as the Web, is an information

system where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform
Resource Locators, which may be interlinked by hypertext, and are
accessible over the Internet.

Yahoo! is an American web services provider headquartered in Sunnyvale,

California, and owned by Verizon Media. The original Yahoo! company was
founded by Jerry Yang and David Filo in January 1994 and was incorporated
on March 2, 1995. Yahoo was one of the pioneers of the early Internet era in
the 1990s.

ASIMO is a humanoid robot created by Honda in 2000. It is currently

displayed in the Miraikan museum in Tokyo, Japan.

The abacus, also called a counting frame, is a calculating tool that was in use
in the ancient Near East, Europe, China, and Russia, centuries before the
adoption of the written Hindu–Arabic numeral system. The exact origin of the
abacus is still unknown.

Napier's bones is a manually-operated calculating device created by John

Napier of Merchiston, Scotland for calculation of products and quotients of
numbers. The method was based on lattice multiplication, and was also called
Rabdology.