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AS/IN BIOFUELS
BY
SHRUSHTI JOSHI
1850302
INTRODUCTION
• A biofuel is a fuel that is produced through contemporary biological processes, such as agriculture and
anaerobic digestion, rather than a fuel produced by geological processes such as those involved in the
formation of fossil fuels, such as coal and petroleum, from prehistoric biological matter.
BIOFUEL
Nikolaus August
Eugen Langen
Otto developed his
prototype
of a spark ignition Henry Ford car
engine in the 1860s company
using ethanol marketed the
Model T, the “Tin
Lizzy”, running on
100% ethanol
BIOETHANOL
• Ethanol or ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH) is a clear colourless liquid, it is biodegradable, low in toxicity
and causes little environmental pollution if spilt. Ethanol burns to produce carbon dioxide and
water.
• Petrol substitute for road transport vehicles
• The basic steps for large scale production of ethanol are:
1]fermentation of sugars 2]Distillation 3]dehydration 4]denaturing
• Prior to fermentation, some crops require saccharification or hydrolysis of carbohydrates such as
cellulose and starch into sugars. Saccharification of cellulose is called cellulolysis (see cellulosic
ethanol). Enzymes are used to convert starch into sugar.
BACKGROUND
• Oleaginous microorganisms are defined as microbial with the content of microbial lipid excess of 20%.
• Biodiesel production using microbial lipids, which is named as single cell oils (SCO).
• Bacteria – Actinomycete group, Fungi- Rhodosporidium sp., Rhodotorula sp. and Lipomyces sp.
• Lipid accumulation in an oleaginous microorganism begins when it exhausts a nutrient from the medium (it
is usually nitrogen), but an excess of carbon (in the form of glucose) is still assimilated by the cells and is
converted into triacylglycerols (TAG).
• Two critical regulated enzymes, including malate enzyme and ATP: citrate lyase ACL), have effect on lipid
accumulation.
• 3 steps for the improvement of microbial lipid production-
• Screening for potential oleaginous microorganism
• Genetic and metabolic engineering
• Making full use of byproducts
PRODUCTION
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• Syngas a mixture of carbon monoxide, hydrogen and other hydrocarbons, is produced by partial
combustion of biomass, that is, combustion with an amount of oxygen that is not sufficient to convert
the biomass completely to carbon dioxide and water.
• Other bioalcohols -Methanol is currently produced from natural gas, a non-renewable fossil fuel. In the
future it is hoped to be produced from biomass as biomethanol.
• Bioethers are cost-effective compounds that act as octane rating enhancers.They are produced by the
reaction of reactive iso-olefins, such as iso-butylene, with bioethanol. Bioethers are created by wheat or
sugar beet.
• Solid biomass fuels examples include wood, sawdust, grass trimmings, domestic refuse, charcoal,
agricultural waste, nonfood energy crops, and dried manure. When solid biomass is already in a suitable
form , it can burn directly in a stove or furnace to provide heat or raise steam.
REFERENCES
• A Technological Overview of Biogas Production from Biowaste by
SpyridonAchinasaVasileiosAchinasbGerrit Jan WillemEuverinka
• Bioethanol Production from Fermentable Sugar Juice by
Hossain Zabed, 1 Golam Faruq, 1 ,* Jaya Narayan Sahu
• Biodiesel production from oleaginous microorganisms by
Xin Meng a, Jianming Yang a, Xin Xu a, Lei Zhang a, Qingjuan Nie b, Mo Xian a
• Biofuels from microbes by
Dominik Antoni & Vladimir V. Zverlov & Wolfgang H. Schwarz
THANK U