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Thermoelectric Material
Thermoelectric Material
by Peter Martin
Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Richland, WA Contributed Original Article
Figure 2. Thermoelectric power generating couple. The TE properties of thin films and nanostructured materials can be
enhanced by quantum confinement. Hicks and Dresselhaus wrote the
Figure 3 relates power generating efficiency to ZT and ⌬T( = Th - Tc). pioneering paper describing this enhancement in low-dimensional structures
If a ZT in the range of 2 – 3 can be obtained, TEG efficiencies will be near (quantum wells, quantum wires, and quantum dots) [4]. Quantum wells
where a is the width of the quantum well (usually < 30 Å), F0,2D is the 2D
Fermi function, F1/2,3D is the 3D Fermi function, and mz is the charge carrier
mass in the z direction (perpendicular to the superlattice interface). The
Fermi function is defined as:
∞
Fi = ∫xidx/(e(x-*) + 1) and * = ( - ប22/2mza2)/kT,
0
where is the potential energy relative to the conduction band edge. The
critical QW dimension for enhancement is:
a ≤ (F0,2D/F1/2,3D)( ប/(2mzkT)1/2)
References
1. T. C. Harman, P. J. Taylor, M. P. Walsh, and B. E. LaForge, Science
(Washington, DC, United States) (2002), 297(5590), 2229-2232.
2. Hi-Z Technology (Hi-Z.com)
3. G.S. Nolas, J. Sharp, and H. J. Goldsmid, Thermoelectrics: Basic Principles
and New Materials Developments, Springer, Berlin (2001).
4. L.D. Hicks and M.S. Dresselhaus, “Effect of Quantum-well Structures on the
Thermoelectric Figure of Merit,” Phys. Rev. B, 47, 12727 (1993).
Figure 6. Density of states of 3D, 2D, 1D, and 0D quantum well structures.