Energy-Efficient Traffic Regulation and Scheduling For Video Streaming

Services over LTE-A Networks

Abstract:

To reduce power consumption of smart phones, this work proposes a novel

discontinuous reception (DRX)-based power saving mechanism for LTE-A
networks supporting multi-services. The novel designs of the proposed mechanism
mainly include the highest priority-controlled DRX (HPC-DRX) and traffic
regulation plus time slicing (TRTS) schemes. In our proposed HPC-DRX/TRTS,
lower priority traffic never wakes user equipments (UEs) up and all incoming
traffic for UEs is temporarily buffered at the evolved Node B (eNB) and then
transmitted in bursts using the overall bandwidth, yielding much better power
saving performance. To support multiple users with multi-services, this paper
proposes the resource allocation and burst scheduling algorithms for the HPC-
DRX/TRTS. The power saving ratios of the proposed mechanisms wer
theoretically analyzed based on an M/G/1 busy period model. Both the percentage
of sleep period and actual power consumption model were used in calculating the
power saving ratio. Numerical results show that our analytical results are accurate

and the proposed HPC-DRX/TRTS significantly outperforms the conventional

DRX, dynamic and adjustable DRX (DADRX), and coalesced DRX in terms of
power saving ratio. In addition to significantly reducing power consumption of
UEs with video streaming services and diverse data applications (DDA), the
proposed HPC-DRX/TRTS preserves the video play out quality at UEs as well.

Existing system:

Relative to the rapid development of technologies in mobile networks, handheld

devices, and multimedia applications, the battery technology for handheld devices
does not progress significantly. Hence, the battery lifetime of smart phones
becomes a serious problem. Users may need to charge the batteries of smart
phones frequently, resulting in extra energy consumption and inconvenience.
Accordingly, how to reduce the power consumption of smart phones has been
becoming a hot research topic in recent years. On the other hand, since multimedia
streaming and mobile Internet protocol television (IPTV) services are the most
power consuming applications in smart phones, how to design a power saving
mechanism to support video streaming services is an important task as well .To
save the power consumption of handheld devices or smart phones, several works
have proposed energy efficient schemes to support multimedia streaming services

Proposed system:

The most well-known power saving schemes for multimedia streaming services
include the time slicing which is standardized in the digital video broadcasting-
handheld (DVB-H) specification and the discontinuous reception (DRX) which is
enacted for long term evolution (LTE)/LTE-advanced (LTE-A) networks by the
3rd generation partnership project (3GPP). In time slicing, the base station
broadcasts TV channels in bursts so that user equipments (UEs) can turn off their
radio frequency circuits during the idle period in order to save energy. However,
the base station needs to construct a schedule for all bursts of different TV
channels. The hardness of the burst scheduling problem is that both no burst
collision and no receiver buffer violation constraints must be met. To solve this
problem, the burst scheduling algorithm for TV channels with bit rates having
power of two was proposed. Another paper transformed the burst scheduling
problem into a buffer violation-free problem by dividing the receiver buffer into
two buffers of equal size and dividing each frame into sub frames. The key idea of
is that one buffer can be

Advantages:

The most well-known power saving schemes for multimedia streaming services
include the time slicing which is standardized in the digital video broadcasting-
handheld (DVB-H) specification and the discontinuous reception (DRX) which is
enacted for long term evolution (LTE)/LTE-advanced (LTE-A) networks by the
3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) . In time slicing, the base station
broadcasts TV channels in bursts so that user equipments (UEs) can turn off their
radio frequency circuits during the idle period in order to save energy. However,
the base station needs to construct a schedule for all bursts of different TV
channels. The hardness of the burst scheduling problem is that both no burst
collision and no receiver buffer violation constraints must be met. To solve this
problem, the burst scheduling algorithm for TV channels with bit rates having
power of two was proposed.
Disadvantages:

The hardness of the burst scheduling problem is that both no burst collision and no
receiver buffer violation constraints must be met. To solve this problem, the burst
scheduling algorithm for TV channels with bit rates having power of two was
proposed.

Another paper transformed the burst scheduling problem into a buffer violation-
free problem by dividing the receiver buffer into two buffers of equal size and
dividing each frame into sub frames. The key idea of is that one buffer can be
drained when the other one is filled up. The authors in proposed a sub-optimal
burst scheduling algorithm called regulated period scheduling (RPS) for energy
saving in mobile TV networks.

Modules:

User equipment:

The most well-known power saving schemes for multimedia streaming services
include the time slicing which is standardized in the digital video broadcasting-
handheld (DVB-H) specification and the discontinuous reception (DRX) which is
enacted for long term evolution (LTE)/LTE-advanced (LTE-A) networks by the
3rd generation partnership project (3GPP). In time slicing, the base station
broadcasts TV channels in bursts so that user equipments (UEs) can turn off their
radio frequency circuits during the idle period in order to save energy. However,
the base station needs to construct aschedule for all bursts of different TV
channels. The hardness of the burst scheduling problem is that both no burst
collision and no receiver buffer violation constraints must be met. To solve this
problem, the burst scheduling algorithm for TV channels with bit rates having
power of two was proposed. Another paper transformed the burst scheduling
problem into a buffer violation-free problem by dividing the receiver buffer into
two buffers of equal size and dividing each frame into sub frames. The key idea of
is that one buffer can be drained when the other one is filled up.

Transmission time interval:

Although time slicing and DRX have been proposed for power saving, they are
never integrated together to further reduce power consumption of UEs. For
example, by applying the concept of time slicing, the paper addressed the energy
saving problem of resource allocation for video multicast in 4G wireless systems,
with the objective of minimizing the total energy consumption for data reception.
However, the DRX mechanism was not considered. The authors of presented a
burst-based scheduling method, which considers the QoS requirement, channel
condition, and DRX state of each UE, to reduce power consumption of UEs. The
work proposed the mechanism that base stations delay downlink transmission until
their downstream queues reach a certain tunable threshold Qw. The key idea of
time slicing is that at each transmission time interval (TTI) the overall resource
blocks (or bandwidth) are allocated to a single flow or UE to minimize the
receiving time and maximize the sleep period of a UE. That is, the goal of time
slicing is that in a cell, at any time only a UE stays at the active state while the
others stay at the sleep state. However, the burst-based scheduling in and the
coalescing technique in do not achieve this goal. Hence, the energy saving under
the mechanisms proposed in are not optimized, compared with the time slicing.

Video – on – demand:

To minimize the power consumption of UEs, in we applied both the time slicing
and DRX to constructing a more efficient power saving mechanism for LTE-A
networks to support mobile IPTV services. Related DRX parameters for the
proposed power saving scheme were designed. Simulations were conducted to
demonstrate the superiority of our design. The similar power saving mechanism
was applied to video-on-demand (VoD) services in, where the power saving ratio
was theoretically analyzed based on an M/G/1 busy period model. In, only a single
type of services, i.e., video streaming services, was considered. Nowadays, a user
may be concurrently engaged in diverse data applications (DDA) [28] such as
Skype, Face book, Twitter, and Line messengers, in addition to watching a video.
Such a background type of DDA data may frequently wake a UE up and interrupt
the sleep period of a UE so that the power saving performance is degraded . Hence,
under the scenario with DDA and video streaming services, how to optimize the
power saving performance remains a challenging issue. To tackle this issue, we
propose the highest priority-controlled DRX (HPC-DRX) with traffic regulation
plus time slicing (TRTS) mechanism and theoretically analyze its power saving
performance in this paper.
Although the proposed HPC-DRX/TRTS significantly

reduces power consumption of UEs, it degrades the delay

performance. However, the impact of induced additional

delay on the user’s perception is shown to be negligible.