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Ting-ting Xu, Jing Li, Ya-Wei Fan, Tian-wen Zheng & Ze-Yuan Deng
To cite this article: Ting-ting Xu, Jing Li, Ya-Wei Fan, Tian-wen Zheng & Ze-Yuan Deng (2015)
Comparison of Oxidative Stability among Edible Oils under Continuous Frying Conditions,
International Journal of Food Properties, 18:7, 1478-1490, DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2014.913181
Ting-ting Xu# , Jing Li# , Ya-Wei Fan, Tian-wen Zheng, and Ze-Yuan Deng
State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study,
Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
The stability of camellia oil (saturated fatty acid: monounsaturated fatty acid: polyunsaturated fatty
acid = 1:7:1) after frying potatoes was compared with palm oil (saturated fatty acid: monounsaturated
fatty acid: polyunsaturated fatty acid = 4:4:1) and peanut oil (saturated fatty acid: monounsaturated
fatty acid: polyunsaturated fatty acid = 2:4:4). Oil samples were evaluated for acid value, iodine value,
peroxide value, p-anisidine value, total oxidation value, tocopherols content, and fatty acids composi-
tion. There was the least change in fatty acid composition in camellia oil among the three edible oils.
The α-tocopherol was more vulnerable to heat degradation than γ -tocopherol and δ-tocopherol, and
α-tocopherol was completely degraded before the whole frying process was done for palm and peanut
oils. The oxidative stabilities of the three edible oils were in the order of camellia oil > palm oil >
peanut oil. The oxidative stability was mainly determined by the calculated oxidizability value related to
fatty acid composition, and when calculated oxidizability values were similar, the tocopherol contents of
edible oils would be a key factor in affecting their oxidative stabilities.
INTRODUCTION
Frying is a fast and convenient technique for the production of foods with sensory properties that are
favored by consumers, including a typical flavor, color, taste, and a crispy surface.[1] However, it may
result in a high rate of peroxides degradation because of high temperature, and contribute to radical-
radical polymerization reactions and formation of non-polar dimmers and oligomers because of low
availability of oxygen.[2] These chemical reactions are mainly influenced by the type and quality of
the oil, the food properties, and the food/oil ratio and the frying temperature.[3,4]
Changes occurred in oils after frying food have been extensively reported. Several studies have
verified the variation tendency of different physical and chemical parameters with the increasing
frying cycles. The free fatty acids, peroxide value (POV), p-anisidine value (p-AV), total polar
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COMPARISON OF OXIDATIVE STABILITY AMONG EDIBLE OILS 1479
compounds (TPC) of the oils increased gradually under the frying conditions.[5,6] The total phe-
nols, tocopherols, and fatty acids composition can affect the stability of oils against oxidation and
decomposition in the frying process.[6,7] Abdulkarim[8] evaluated the performance of the high-oleic
Moringa oleifera seed oil saturated fatty acid (SFA; SFA: monounsaturated fatty acid [MUFA]:
polyunsaturated fatty acid [PUFA] = 2:7:0) in deep-frying by comparing its frying stability with
other conventional frying oils (canola [SFA: MUFA: PUFA = 1:6:3], soybean [SFA: MUFA:
PUFA = 1.5:2.5:6], and palm olein [SFA: MUFA: PUFA = 4:4:1]). The free fatty acids of these
four edible oils increased 66.6, 71.4, 60.0, and 65.0%, respectively. And the changes in p-AV and
TOTOX value of Moringa oleifera seed oil were found to be significantly lower than other oils, fol-
lowed by palm olein oil, with the highest values obtained in canola oil and soybean oil. Juárez[9]
investigated the discontinuous deep frying of potatoes, milanesas, and churros in soybean oil, sun-
flower oil, and partially hydrogenated fats. After 80.5 h of deep-frying churros, all the oils exceeded
25% of TPC and the contents of polymeric and dimerized triacylglycerols were higher than 10%
and the losses of tocopherols during frying reached 76.0%.
The oxidative stabilities of different edible oils during the frying cycles were dependent upon the
fatty acids composition, particularly the unsaturated degree, and the content of antioxidants (such
as tocopherols) in the oil.[10] There were several articles reporting the flavor and storage stability of
potato chips after frying in different oils.[11,12] The camellia oil, rich in oleic acid (over 70%) and
tocopherol, has become more and more popular in China. However, little has been known regarding
the oxidative stability of camellia oil compared with common edible oils with different fatty acids
composition and tocopherol contents after frying potatoes. Therefore, the main objective of present
work was to determine the oxidative stability of camellia oil (SFA: MUFA: PUFA = 1:7:1) after
frying potatoes and make comparison with palm oil (SFA: MUFA: PUFA = 4:4:1) and peanut oil
(SFA: MUFA: PUFA = 2:4:4) by the indicators of IV, POV, p-AV, and TOTOX, and to investigate
effect of tocopherols content and fatty acids composition on the oils’ oxidative stabilities.
Three edible oils, namely palm oil, peanut oil, camellia oil (with no antioxidants added) were pur-
chased from l Edible Oil LTD Nanchang, China. Pre-fried potatoes approximately 10 cm long and
1 cm thick were purchased from a local supermarket.
Standard fatty acid methyl esters (FAME, #463) spiked with a mixture of four positional CLA
isomers (#UC-59 M) were obtained from Nu-Chek Prep Inc. (Elysian, MN). n-hexane used in a gas
chromatograph (GC) was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), and other solvents were of
analytical reagent grade. All experiments and analytical determinations were performed at least in
triplicate.
Frying Procedure
Deep frying was carried out in an electrical fryer (Multi-function Fryer, Guangzhou, China). The
temperature of the oil in the fryer was monitored by a thermo recorder. It was equipped with a
thermostat and supplied with an insert cross-linked steel wire-mesh which allowed the food to be
dipped into the oil, without coming in contact with the fryer’s inner surface. The ratio of potatoes to
frying oil was set at 1/25 (w/v), in the first frying batch, 80 g potatoes were deeply fried for 3 min at
170◦ C in 2000 mL oil, and every frying batch was conducted for 5 min. After each of the five frying
cycles, 50 mL of oil and all potatoes were taken out and stored at –20◦ C until analysis.[13] Frying
experimental series consisted of 75 frying batches conducted in three consecutive days. At the end
of the experiment, there was 1002 mL oil left.
1480 XU ET AL.
POV
POV was measured by AOCS Official Method Cd 8–53. The titration of an accurate sample
solution, dissolved in acetic acid glacial/2, 2, 4-trimethylpentane (60:40, v/v), with 0.01 M sodium
thiosulfate pentahydrate, was used, with starch as an indicator. Before the titration, 0.5 mL saturated
solution of potassium iodide was added to react with the sample solution for 1 min, and 30 mL water
added immediately.
p-AV
p-AV was determined according to AOCS Official Method Cd 18-90. This measurement is based
on the absorbance increase per gram of oil, measured at 350 nm (722G visible spectrophotometer,
China) of the three oil solutions in isooctane, before and after reaction with p-anisidine reagent in
the darkness for 8 min.
Tocopherols
The content of tocopherols was measured using a Agilent 1100 High Performance Liquid
Chromatograph, coupled with fluorescence detector (excitation at 295 nm; emission at 325 nm),
Hypersil ODS2-C18 (5 µm, 4.6 µm × 150 mm) column. The mobile phase was HPLC- grade mix-
ture of methyl alcohol: water = 98:2, at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min and the sample amount was 3 µL
at the room temperature.[15] The determinations of the samples were carried out in triplicate.
Statistical Analysis
All the values were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance, and mean values were compared
using the least significant difference test. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Pearson’s
Correlation Coefficient was used for the correlation analyses. All statistical analyses were carried
out using IBM SPSS Statistics 19 software for Windows.
RESULTS
FIGURE 1 Changes of five chemical parameters during frying cycles; (a) changes in acid values; (b) changes in
iodine values; (c) changes in peroxide values; (d) changes in p-anisidine values; (e) changes in total oxidation values;
Mean values with standard deviations plotted as bars.
TABLE 1
Changes in vitamin E contents during frying cycles
The content of vitamin E in palm oil (mg/kg) The content of vitamin E in peanut Oil (mg/kg) The content of vitamin E in camellia oil (mg/kg)
Frying
cycles α-VE β-VE γ -VE δ-VE -VE α-VE β-VE γ -VE δ-VE -VE α-VE β-VE γ -VE δ-VE -VE
0 201.94 ± 0.04 ND ND ND 201.94 327.24 ± 0.16 ND 86.63 ± 0.30 95.66 ± 0.10 509.52 439.22 ± 0.10 ND 8.02 ± 0.00 10.77 ± 0.05 458.01
5 193.31 ± 0.36 ND ND ND 193.31 302.46 ± 0.24 ND 74.50 ± 0.23 86.60 ± 0.18 463.56 350.15 ± 0.08 ND 6.92 ± 0.01 9.35 ± 0.03 366.42
10 171.79 ± 0.27 ND ND ND 171.79 271.29 ± 0.07 ND 64.86 ± 0.16 79.63 ± 0.15 415.78 258.75 ± 0.08 ND 4.89 ± 0.02 9.24 ± 0.00 272.87
15 151.42 ± 0.24 ND ND ND 151.42 257.01 ± 0.16 ND 60.60 ± 0.30 78.59 ± 0.25 396.21 206.68 ± 0.16 ND 4.01 ± 0.00 8.57 ± 0.00 219.26
20 134.52 ± 0.06 ND ND ND 134.52 254.06 ± 0.24 ND 59.85 ± 0.21 75.98 ± 0.32 389.89 174.42 ± 0.27 ND 3.67 ± 0.01 8.18 ± 0.01 186.27
25 116.87 ± 0.20 ND ND ND 116.87 250.21 ± 0.01 ND 55.24 ± 0.07 74.72 ± 0.22 380.16 160.05 ± 0.10 ND 3.22 ± 0.01 7.81 ± 0.01 171.08
30 89.99 ± 0.09 ND ND ND 89.99 245.61 ± 0.11 ND 50.32 ± 0.31 72.70 ± 0.15 368.63 132.53 ± 0.15 ND 2.63 ± 0.02 6.70 ± 0.04 141.86
35 66.66 ± 0.22 ND ND ND 66.66 238.73 ± 0.09 ND 42.08 ± 0.15 70.46 ± 0.33 351.27 76.12 ± 0.19 ND 1.86 ± 0.02 5.85 ± 0.04 83.83
40 58.64 ± 0.00 ND ND ND 58.64 218.71 ± 0.01 ND 36.73 ± 0.20 67.64 ± 0.19 323.08 45.54 ± 0.04 ND 1.28 ± 0.02 5.05 ± 0.04 51.87
45 50.34 ± 0.14 ND ND ND 50.34 168.22 ± 0.01 ND 30.04 ± 0.09 62.81 ± 0.24 261.08 35.29 ± 0.10 ND 0.83 ± 0.02 4.85 ± 0.01 40.98
50 36.49 ± 0.03 ND ND ND 36.49 136.70 ± 0.23 ND 25.55 ± 0.15 59.57 ± 0.15 221.82 21.43 ± 0.29 ND 0.59 ± 0.00 3.95 ± 0.00 25.97
55 27.92 ± 0.23 ND ND ND 27.92 118.38 ± 0.23 ND 21.24 ± 0.11 56.11 ± 0.08 195.74 15.78 ± 0.05 ND 0.36 ± 0.00 3.00 ± 0.01 19.14
60 19.99 ± 0.07 ND ND ND 19.99 86.56 ± 0.21 ND 15.58 ± 0.04 54.11 ± 0.11 156.25 8.49 ± 0.25 ND 0.10 ± 0.00 2.14 ± 0.01 10.74
65 0.00 ± 0.00 ND ND ND 0.00 62.37 ± 0.22 ND 13.02 ± 0.15 50.09 ± 0.07 125.48 4.37 ± 0.00 ND 0.00 ± 0.00 2.02 ± 0.03 6.40
70 0.00 ± 0.00 ND ND ND 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 ND 8.81 ± 0.05 48.42 ± 0.17 57.23 4.78 ± 0.00 ND 0.00 ± 0.00 1.57 ± 0.01 6.35
75 0.00 ± 0.00 ND ND ND 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 ND 7.87 ± 0.04 47.65 ± 0.30 55.52 4.36 ± 0.00 ND 0.00 ± 0.00 1.64 ± 0.01 6.00
1483
1484 XU ET AL.
active oxygen species and free radicals, and acting as efficient chain terminators in lipid autoxidation
reactions.[20]
Palm oil was only characterized by α-tocopherol while both peanut oil and camellia oil contained
γ and δ-tocopherol besides α-tocopherol. In these three edible oils, camellia oil had the highest con-
centration of α-tocopherol, while peanut oil had the highest contents of γ and δ-tocopherol. Peanut
oil contained higher amount of total vitamin E (509.52 mg/kg) than the other two oils. It decreased
from 509.52 to 55.52 mg/kg during frying cycles. The change of α-tocopherol level was the largest
in three types of tocopherols for the three edible oils. The amount of α-tocopherol decreased to
0 before the frying cycles ended in palm oil and peanut oil (palm oil: from 201.94 mg/kg to 0;
peanut oil: from 327.24 mg/kg to 0) and it decreased from 439.22 to 4.36 mg/kg in camellia oil.
Juárez[9] noticed that there were significant losses of tocopherols, especially α-tocopherol after fry-
ing. The main reason is that α-tocopherol degrades more quickly at high temperatures than at room
temperature.[21] Furthermore, the effectiveness of an antioxidant mainly relies on its chemical reac-
tivity, how it interacts with other food components and its concentration and especially its physical
location in different homogeneous or heterogeneous food systems.[17] Due to its largest biological
activity, α-tocopherol is the most unstable among all the tocopherols.
0 43.77 ± 0.10 42.69 ± 0.08 11.83 ± 0.07 1.60 ± 0.08 18.67 ± 0.06 39.21 ± 0.23 39.23 ± 0.35 2.77 ± 0.17 12.18 ± 0.46 74.56 ± 0.67 10.21 ± 0.13 2.98 ± 0.33
5 43.90 ± 0.01 42.68 ± 0.02 11.65 ± 0.05 1.64 ± 0.02 19.47 ± 0.29 39.11 ± 0.03 38.49 ± 0.29 2.81 ± 0.02 12.26 ± 0.06 74.70 ± 0.23 10.12 ± 0.07 2.86 ± 0.24
10 44.01 ± 0.01 42.52 ± 0.03 11.71 ± 0.05 1.63 ± 0.06 19.12 ± 0.12 39.25 ± 0.06 38.75 ± 0.05 2.76 ± 0.01 12.56 ± 0.00 74.43 ± 0.47 10.10 ± 0.00 2.84 ± 0.46
15 44.14 ± 0.19 42.64 ± 0.13 11.66 ± 0.10 1.60 ± 0.04 19.59 ± 0.03∗ 39.24 ± 0.06 38.09 ± 0.19∗ 2.96 ± 0.15 13.36 ± 0.21 73.80 ± 0.36 10.10 ± 0.14 2.66 ± 0.30
20 44.15 ± 0.05 42.45 ± 0.02 11.60 ± 0.10 1.65 ± 0.08 19.97 ± 0.15∗ 39.22 ± 0.09 37.90 ± 0.10∗ 2.79 ± 0.04 13.37 ± 0.02 73.86 ± 0.12 10.16 ± 0.06 2.53 ± 0.08
25 44.12 ± 0.07 42.57 ± 0.03 11.65 ± 0.06 1.53 ± 0.10 20.24 ± 0.01∗ 39.27 ± 0.01 37.70 ± 0.27∗ 2.68 ± 0.26 13.91 ± 0.09 73.45 ± 0.01 10.06 ± 0.01 2.50 ± 0.07
30 44.34 ± 0.01 42.42 ± 0.03 11.46 ± 0.07 1.68 ± 0.10 20.49 ± 0.00∗ 39.25 ± 0.01 38.08 ± 0.08∗ 1.94 ± 0.07∗ 13.97 ± 0.00 73.35 ± 0.04 10.14 ± 0.05 2.47 ± 0.07
35 44.55 ± 0.01 42.16 ± 0.18 11.49 ± 0.14 1.69 ± 0.04 20.78 ± 0.01∗ 39.28 ± 0.02 37.99 ± 0.16∗ 1.89 ± 0.12∗ 14.66 ± 0.26 72.60 ± 0.55 10.01 ± 0.07 2.67 ± 0.35
40 44.37 ± 0.01 42.54 ± 0.07 11.48 ± 0.01 1.51 ± 0.04 21.20 ± 0.00∗ 39.22 ± 0.02 37.55 ± 0.03∗ 1.92 ± 0.01∗ 14.91 ± 0.01 72.40 ± 0.41 9.97 ± 0.01 2.65 ± 0.39
45 44.69 ± 0.08 42.29 ± 0.07 11.35 ± 0.05 1.57 ± 0.04 21.53 ± 0.01∗ 39.31 ± 0.00 37.20 ± 0.06∗ 1.81 ± 0.08∗ 15.57 ± 0.06 71.75 ± 0.25 9.90 ± 0.01 2.71 ± 0.29
50 44.82 ± 0.05 42.21 ± 0.08 11.21 ± 0.10 1.64 ± 0.12 21.94 ± 0.23∗ 39.44 ± 0.09 36.98 ± 0.15∗ 1.60 ± 0.15∗ 15.81 ± 0.02 71.85 ± 0.01 9.87 ± 0.01 2.40 ± 0.00
55 44.73 ± 0.06 42.37 ± 0.06 11.21 ± 0.04 1.57 ± 0.03 22.25 ± 0.27∗ 39.90 ± 0.11∗ 36.09 ± 0.19∗ 1.72 ± 0.03∗ 18.52 ± 0.48 69.65 ± 0.47 9.57 ± 0.04 2.20 ± 0.03
60 44.80 ± 0.03 42.37 ± 0.03 11.15 ± 0.03 1.55 ± 0.02 22.41 ± 0.16∗ 39.92 ± 0.08∗ 36.13 ± 0.16∗ 1.52 ± 0.05∗ 17.60 ± 0.28 70.37 ± 0.13 9.72 ± 0.05 2.24 ± 0.37
65 45.04 ± 0.05 42.23 ± 0.03 11.00 ± 0.02 1.60 ± 0.00 22.76 ± 0.01∗ 39.96 ± 0.12∗ 35.65 ± 0.33∗ 1.62 ± 0.20∗ 17.50 ± 0.08 70.53 ± 0.23 9.70 ± 0.01 2.21 ± 0.17
70 45.04 ± 0.03 42.35 ± 0.02 11.00 ± 0.09 1.47 ± 0.08 23.28 ± 0.09∗ 40.08 ± 0.01∗ 34.98 ± 0.04∗ 1.67 ± 0.04∗ 17.79 ± 0.06 69.72 ± 0.43 9.64 ± 0.07 2.79 ± 0.31
75 45.22 ± 0.02 42.16 ± 0.06 10.97 ± 0.00 1.53 ± 0.08 23.54 ± 0.02∗ 40.19 ± 0.02∗ 34.53 ± 0.05∗ 1.74 ± 0.05∗ 18.81 ± 0.12 69.26 ± 0.20 9.46 ± 0.02 2.41 ± 0.06
1485
1486 XU ET AL.
TABLE 3
Pearson correlation coefficients between chemical parameters and fatty acids composition in three edible oils
Oil types Parameters SFA MUFA PUFA TFAs
AV: acid value, IV: iodine value, POV: peroxide value, p-AV: p-anisidine value, TOTOX: the total oxidation value;
∗ Correlation is significant at the p < 0.05 level;
∗∗ Correlation is significant at the p < 0.01 level.
DISCUSSION
Fatty Acids
In this study, camellia oil (SFA: MUFA: PUFA = 1:7:1) was found to have the highest stability
among three edible oils. Camellia oil has been consumed for 2000 years in China, and it contains
over 70% of MUFA which is quite similar to olive oil. Wamer[26] and Zenis[27] also reported that
potato chips fried in oil with 60–70% oleic acid, 20% linoleic acid and 3–10% linolenic acid showed
higher flavor quality and stability than other oils. Lolos[28] reported that the fatty acids composi-
tion of frying oils affected the oxidative deterioration during storage of potato chips. The higher
C18:2 and C18:3 content of the oil resulted in a greater rate of increase in POV and TOTOX num-
ber while the olive kernel oil with higher C18:1 content contained low POV and TOTOX value.
Dobarganes[29] also indicated that the high-oleic sunflower oils showed an excellent behavior with
regard to thermal-oxidation and frying process.
The fatty acids composition and content of oil did not change significantly during frying process.
The SFA, MUFA, and PUFA of potatoes were very similar to the oil after frying process. The TFAs
were detected in the three oils as well. Interestingly, the TFAs content in the three oils decreased,
COMPARISON OF OXIDATIVE STABILITY AMONG EDIBLE OILS 1487
TABLE 4
Pearson correlation coefficients between chemical parameters and contents of tocopherols in three edible oils
Oil types Parameters α-VE γ -VE δ-VE -VE
AV: acid value, IV: iodine value, POV: peroxide value, p-AV: p-anisidine value, TOTOX: the total oxidation value;
∗∗ Correlation is significant at the p < 0.01 level.
however, the TFAs level in potatoes increased from 0.80 to 1.30–1.74% after frying. Tsuzuki[24]
also reported that the TFAs were usually formed under severe condition, not by the frying process.
The fatty acids composition and contents in the frying potatoes were mainly influenced by frying oil
since the ratio of potato and frying oil was 1/25 (w/v).
Tocopherols
Apart from fatty acids composition, tocopherol content is another important factor to determine
the oxidative stability of vegetable oils. Tocopherols play an important role in trapping the hydro-
peroxide intermediates and stopping the autoxidation chain reaction and α-tocopherol is the most
efficient on scavenging peroxyl radicals in homogenous tocopherols.[30] In our study, the original
α-tocopherol contents of palm oil, peanut oil, camellia oil were 201.94, 327.24, and 439.22 mg/kg,
respectively. And the growth rates of POV were 278.7, 178.7, and 147.4%, respectively. It indicated
that in the certain range, the lower concentration of α-tocopherol content, the faster the POV grew.
Ruiz[31] reported that the increase of POV in sunflower oil B (from 26 to 323 meq O2 /kg) with
390 mg/kg α-tocopherol content was larger than sunflower oil A (from 12 to 120 meq O2 /kg) with
545 mg/kg α-tocopherol content during the storage period. Fuster[32] studied the antioxidant effects
of α- and γ -tocopherols in a model system based on the auto-oxidation of high oleic sunflower
oil and rapeseed oil. The POV of high oleic sunflower oil with 445 mg/kg α-tocopherol content
increased from 0 to 300 meq O2 /kg, while the POV of rapeseed oil with 224 mg/kg α-tocopherol
content increased from 0 to 600 meq O2 /kg after seven days of oxidation. These results agreed with
ours.
Different patterns of tocopherols showed different roles: α-tocopherols affected human nutri-
tion and health, γ -tocopherols in seed showed a strong activity at protecting compounds, such as
fatty acids, while δ-tocopherols showed less active than other tocopherols.[33] Generally, most oils
contained three types of tocopherol, α-, γ -, and δ-tocopherol. In our study, all three oils contained
1488 XU ET AL.
α-tocopherol, peanut oil, and camellia oil also contained γ - and δ-tocopherol with much lower con-
centrations than α-tocopherol. During the frying process, the tocopherols showed degradation, and
the decrease of tocopherols level in the three oils was in this order: α > γ > δ, after 75 frying
cycles (almost 7.5 h). The results were consistent with those of Warner,[21] who found that α-
tocopherol was preferentially lost compared to γ - and δ-tocopherols. Sliva reported that the decrease
of γ -tocopherol was faster than the decrease of α-tocopherol in corn oil and soy oil after frying at
180◦ C for 1 h.[33] It was found that the γ -tocopherol levels in corn oil (393.9 mg/kg) and soy oil
(348.8 mg/kg) were higher than α- and δ-tocopherol level of those two oils in Saliva’s study, which
was the reverse case in our study. In addition, the change in tocopherols concentration showed a close
relationship with fatty acids composition in oils. The α-tocopherol concentrations in palm oil with
11.83% PUFA, peanut oil with 39.23% PUFA, and camellia oil with 10.21% PUFA were decreased
by 9.93, 42.46, and 5.96% at the 60th frying cycle, respectively, indicating that α-tocopherol was lost
rapidly in more polyunsaturated oil during frying process. This result was consistent with a previous
study.[34] Casal pointed out that vitamin E and the highly monounsaturated nature of the olive oils
played the main role for the reduced thermal degradation under frying conditions.[7] Fatemi reported
that the relative oxidation rates of methyl oleate, linoleate, and linolenate in mixtures were 1, 10.3,
and 21.6.[35] Therefore, the calculated oxidizability (COX) value was calculated by the percentage
of unsaturated C18 fatty acids, namely COX = (1 [18:1%] + 10.3 [18:2%] + 21.6 [18:3%])/100.
In this study, the COX values of fresh palm oil, peanut oil, camellia oil were 1.615, 4.631, and 1.772,
respectively. And the total tocopherol contents in palm oil, peanut oil, and camellia oil were 201.94,
509.52, and 458.01 mg/kg, respectively. The oxidative stabilities of three edible oils were in the
order: camellia oil > palm oil > peanut oil. Hence, it was concluded that fatty acids composition
(COX value) determined the oils’ oxidative stabilities, but the tocopherol contents of the oils would
play a critical role when COX values were similar.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this work showed that the oxidative stability of camellia oil (SFA: MUFA: PUFA =
1:7:1)was the best in three edible oils, followed by palm oil and peanut oil. There was a least change
of fatty acids composition in camellia oil among all the edible oils, with a lowest TOTOX. The fatty
acids composition and tocopherol contents were two important factors of oils’ oxidative stabilities.
The fatty acids composition (COX value) mainly determined the oils’ oxidative stabilities, and the
tocopherol contents of edible oils would be an important factor to affect their oxidative stabilities
when the COX values were similar.
FUNDING
We are grateful to National Natural Science Foundation of China (31071561), Research Program
of State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University (Project Nos.
SKLF-ZZA-201303 and SKLF-QN-201109), PhD Subject Fund from Education Department
(20113601120004), Natural Science Fund from Science and Technology Department of Jiangxi
Province (20114BAB214016) for financial support.
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