Review of Related

Literature (RRL)
Julie Anne M. Villanueva
Teacher II
- It is an important component of research
regardless of the type of research.
- It makes you examine or study again
concepts or ideas related to your research
that people managed to publish in books,
journals, or other reading materials in the
past.
Purposes of RRL
1. To find out the connection of your
research to the current conditions or
situations of the world
2. To know more about theories or
concepts underlying your research and
to learn from them with respect to your
own research study
Purposes of RRL
3. To discover the relation of your research
with previous research studies
4. To obtain information on the accuracy or
relevance of your research questions
5. To familiarize yourself with technical terms
related to your research
RRL in Quantitative Research
Two basic methods of reviewing related
literature:
1. Traditional – qualitative research; open
ended and subjective questions
2. Systematic – quantitative; a ‘question-driven
methodology’ (one big question that states
the main problem and a set of sub-questions
that deal with specific aspects); easy to
trace
Steps in Conducting a Systematic
Review
1. Clarifying the research questions
2. Planning the research based on your
understanding of the research questions
3. Searching the literature
4. Listing criteria for considering the values
of written works
In-text Citation and Referencing
Styles
Two reasons for literature citations:
1. To avoid plagiarism (which is against the
student code of conduct or
ethical/moral standards)
2. To assign proper authority to a statement
(this adds weight to your paper)
In-text Citation and Referencing
Styles
Citation/In-text Citation – referring to authors
within the main body of the paper
Bibliography/References – at the end of the
paper
In-text Citation and Referencing
Styles
- MLA (Modern Language Association)
- APA (American Psychological
Association)
 Aspect APA System MLA System
Writing the author’s Full surname first, Full surname first,
name then followed by followed by full first
initials of first and name, and optional
middle name initial of the middle
name
Writing the title of the Italicized title with Underlined or
reading material only the beginning italicized title with all
word capitalized content words
(exception: capital capitalized
for every proper
noun)
Writing the copyright Written after the Written after the
date author’s name publisher’s name
Categories of Hypotheses
2. Alternative Hypotheses – symbolized by Hi
- it states the fact that the independent
variable affects the dependent variable
Types of Hypotheses
1. Theory-driven vs. Data-driven hypotheses
Theory-driven – explaining the relationship of
variable based on existing theory
Data-driven – based on the findings of
previous research studies
Types of Hypotheses
2. Directional (one-tailed) vs. Non-directional
(two-tailed) hypotheses
Directional – state the relationship of two
variables and the relationship of these
variables
Non-directional – state the relationship of
variables but not in direction of the
relationship
Types of Hypotheses
3. Descriptive vs. Causal hypotheses
Descriptive – specifying the relationship
between two variables due to the
influence something; non-experimental
Causal – cause-effect relationship; true
experimental or quasi-experimental