9/20/2019

Related Rates

APPLICATION OF THE To find the rate at which some quantity is changing by relating the
quantity to other quantities whose rates of change are known.

MAXIMA AND MINIMA:

Time and Related Rates

1 2

Steps:
a) understand the problem and draw a picture if relevant.
b) find the given and its mathematical model. (first equation)
c) identify the quantity to maximize or minimize and its mathematical
model (second equation)
d) substitute ① to ② equation
e) derive and set the optimized quantity to zero.
f) find what is required
g) check answer.

3 4

1. A ladder 20 ft. long leans against a vertical wall. If the top slides
downward at the rate of 2 ft/sec, find how fast the lower end is
moving when it is 16 ft. from the wall. Ans. 1.5 ft/sec.
a. Draw a picture
2. The radius of a right circular cylinder increases at the rate of 0.1
cm/min, and the height decreases at the rate of 0.2 cm/min. What
is the rate of change of the volume of the cylinder, in / ,
when the radius is 2 cm and the height is 3 cm? . Ans. 2 /5 cm3/min
a. Draw a picture

= 0.1 / = ℎ
ℎ
= + 2 ℎ

= 2 −0.2 + 2 2 0.1 3
= −0.2 h = 3 cm
2
=
5

r = 2 cm

5 6

1
 9/20/2019

3. A water tank in the shape of a right circular cone has a height of 10 4. The height of a right circular cone is 20 cm and is decreasing at the
feet. The top rim of the tank is a circle with a radius of 4 feet. If rate of 4 cm/sec. At the same time, the radius is 10 cm and is
water is being pumped into the tank at the rate of 2 cubic feet per increasing at the rate of 2 cm/sec. What is the rate of change of the
minute, what is the rate of change of the water depth, in feet per volume in / ? Ans. 400 /3 /sec
minute, when the depth is 5 feet? Ans. 1/2 ft./min a. Draw a picture
a. Draw a picture 1 12 ℎ 1
= ℎ = ℎ = ℎ
3 75 3
= 2 By similar triangle: = 2
4 2 2 ℎ=5 1 ℎ 2
= ⇒ = ⇒ = ℎ = + ℎ
ℎ 10 ℎ 5 5 3 3
12 ℎ 1 2
1 2= 5 = 10 −4 + 10 2 20
= ℎ 75 3 3
3 ℎ 400
1 2 1 4 2=4 =
= ℎ ℎ= ℎ ℎ 3
3 5 3 25 ℎ 2
ℎ =
=? 4 4 ℎ
= ℎ ℎ 1 = −4
75 =
4 ℎ 2
= 3ℎ
75 7 8

5. Air is being pumped into a spherical balloon at the rate of 7 cubic 6. A triangular trough 10 ft. long is 4 ft. across the top, and 4 ft. deep.
centimeters per second. What is the rate of change of the radius If water flows in at the rate of 3 / , find how fast the surface
at the instant the volume equals 36π ? The volume of a sphere is rising when the water is 0.5 feet deep. Ans. 0.6 ft/min
of radius is . Ans. 7/36 cm/sec 4 a. Draw a picture
= = ℎ=
1
ℎ ℎ=
1
10 = 5
a. Draw a picture 3 2 2
4 4 By similar triangle:
=7 = = 3 4
3 3 = ⇒ =1
When V=36 4
=4 =
4
36 =
3 = 5xy = 5yy = 5
36 (3) = 10
= 7=4 3
4
= 27 3 = 10 0.5
7 = 36 3
= 27 = = 0.6 /
7 5
=3 = /sec
36 9 10

6. A man 6 ft. tall walks away from a lamp post 16 ft. high at the rate 7. A boy on a bike rides north 5 miles, then turns east. If he rides 10
of 5 miles per hour. How fast does the end of his shadow move? mi/hr., at what rate does his distance to the starting point S
Ans. 8 mi/hr changing 2 hour after he left that point? Ans. 3 10 mi/hr
a. Draw a picture a. Draw a picture

By similar triangle: dx
− 10 = 16
= dt
6 16 16
16 − =6 =
10
16 − 16 = 6 16
16 − 6 = 16 = 5
10
10 = 16
=8 /ℎ

11 12

2
 9/20/2019

8. A train starting at noon, travels north at 40 miles per hour. Another

train starting from the same point at 2 PM travels east at 50 miles
per hour. Find, to the nearest mile per hour, how fast the two trains
are separating at 3 PM. Ans. 56.15 mi/hr
a. Draw a picture

13 14

9. A kite is 40 ft high with 50 ft. cord out. If the kite moves horizontally
at 5 miles per hour directly away from the boy flying it, how fast is
the cord being paid out? Ans. 4.4 ft/sec
a. Draw a picture

15 16

10. A man on a wharf 12 ft. above the water pulls in a rope to which a 11. A balloon rises at a rate of 3 m/s from a point on the ground 30
boat is tied, at the rate of 4 ft. per sec. Find the rate of change of meters from an observer. Find the rate of change of the angle of
the angle when there is 13 ft. of rope out. Ans. 48/65 rad/sec elevation of the balloon from the observer when the balloon is 30
a. Draw a picture meters above the ground. Ans. 1/20 rad/sec
+ =
a. Draw a picture
− =
+ 12 = 13 cos =
= 13 − 12 = arctan
5 13 0 − 12 −4
= 25 =
=5 . 13 13 1 −
5 48 =
= 1+
sin = 13 169
48 13 1 30(3) − 30(0)
= =
− 169 5 30 30
cos = 48 1+
30
= / 1 1
65 =
5 1 + 1 10
cos = = 1
13 = /
20
17 18

3

E. Related Rates
1. A ladder 20 feet long leans against a building. If the bottom of the
ladder slides away from the building horizontally at a rate of 4
ft/sec, how fast is the ladder sliding down the house when the top
of the ladder is 8 feet from the ground.
2. The radius of a right circular cylinder increases at the rate of 0.1
cm/sec, and the height decreases at the rate of 0.2 cm/sec. What is
the rate of change of the volume of the cylinder in cm3/sec, when
the radius is 2 cm and the volume is 12π cm3.
19
9/20/2019
Seatwork: (1/2 crosswise) by pair
1. A spherical snowball with an outer layer of ice melts so that the
volume of the snowball decreases at a rate of 2 cm3/min. The radius
of the snowball is 2 cm. How fast is surface area of the snowball
decreasing at this time?
2. A cylindrical soup can has a volume of 355 cm3. Find the dimensions
(radius and height) that minimize the surface area of such a can.
20