01-Sets, Relations, Functions

Axiom Foundation Bangalore
MATHEMATICS – PU 1
Sets, Relations, Functions CET/JEE
Synopsis
Sets, Relation and functions
Set: A set is a well-defined collection of objects. The objects comprising the set are called its elements.
Types: (1) Roaster method: A  1, 2, 3, 4,........., n
(2) Set builder form: A  x : x is a natural number
Ex: A  a, e, i, o, u .
If x is any element of set A then it is denoted as x  A and if x is not a element of set A then it is denoted
by x  A .
If the number of elements in a set is finite then it is called finite set, otherwise it is said to be infinite set.
A set with single element is called singleton set and a set which contains no elements is called an empty
set or null set and is denoted by  .
Ex: N  {x : x is a natural number} is an infinite set
C  2 is a singleton set
D  {x : x 2  9 & x is even} is a null set.
Subsets: If every element of set A is also an element of a set B then A is called a subset of B and it is
denoted by A  B or B  A .
Ex: A  1,2,3,4, B  1,2,3,4,5,6, A B.
A set ' A' is said to be a proper subset of 'B' if there exists an element of B which is not an element of A .
That is A is a proper subset of B if A  B and A  B .
Ex: If A  1,3,5B  1,3,5,7 then A is proper subset of B .
Two sets A and B are said to be equal iff A  B and B  A .
Power set (P(A) : The set of all subsets of a set A is called the power set of A & its denoted by P( A) .
Ex: A  1,3,5 then P( A)   , 1 , 3 , 5 , 1,31,5 , 3,5 , 1,3,5
* If a set has 'n' elements then its power set P( A) has 2n elements.
Note: Non-empty subsets  2n 1 .
Cardinality of a set: If A is finite set then the cardinality of A is the total number of elements that
comprise the set and is denoted by n  A  .
Ex: A  a, b then n A  2
Axiom Foundation Bangalore Page-1

Universal sets: Every set is a subset of some fixed set. This fixed set is called the universal set. It is
denoted by U .
Union of sets: The union of two sets A and B denoted by A  B is the set of elements which belong to
A or B or both.
That is A  B  x:x  A or x  B
Properties
1. A  B  A,
2. A B  B  A
3. A  B  C    A  B   C
4. A  A  B and B  A  B
Intersection of sets: The intersection of two sets A and B denoted by A  B is the set of elements which
belong to both A and B .
That is A  B  x:x  A and x  B .
Properties:
1. A A  A
2. A B  B  A
3. A  B  C    A  B   C
4. A  B  C    A  B    A  C 
5. A  B  C    A  B    A  C 
If A  B   then A and B are said to be disjoint sets.

Difference of sets: The difference of two sets A and B denoted by A  B is the set of elements of A
which are not the elements of B that is, A  B  x : x  A, x  B .
1. A B  A
2. A B  B  A
3. A  B, A  B, B  A are mutually disjoint sets.
Complement of a set: The complement of a set A with respect to the universal set U is defined as
U  A and is denoted by A' or Ac . That is A1  x : x  , x  A
 
'
(a) A'  A (b)  '  U (c) U '   .

Demorgan’s Laws : For any 3 sets A, B, C
1.  A  B '  A'  B'

2.  A  B '  A'  B'
3. A  B  C    A  B    A  C 
4. A  B  C    A  B    A  C 
Cartesian product of two sets: Let A and B be two sets. Then the Cartesian product of A and B is
defined as the set of all ordered pairs x, y  where x  A, y  B and is denoted by A B .
Thus A  B   x, y  : x  A and y  B .
* If A contains ' m ' elements and B contains 'n' elements then A B contains mn ordered pairs.
Some important results:

(1) A & B are disjoint sets, n  A  B   n  A  n  B 
(2) A & B are not disjoint sets
(i) n  A  B   n  A  n  B   n  A  B 
(ii) n  A  n  A  B   n  A  B 
(iii) n  B  A  n  B   n  A  B 
(iv) n  A  B   n  A  B   n  B  A  n  A  B 
Relations: Let A & B be two non empty sets. Then a relation R from A to B is a subset of A B
containing the ordered pairs a, b   A  B such that some relation exists between a & b .
If a, b   R then we say that “ a is R related to b ” and is written as aRb .

Ex: A  2,3,5B  4,6,9then
A  B  2,4, 2,6, 2,9, 3,4, 3,6,, 3,9, 5,4, 5,6, 5,9 define R by R  a,b   A  B:a divides b .
Then R  2,4, 2,6, 3,6, 3,9 .
Domain and Range of a Relation: Let R be a relation from A to B ,then the domain of R is the set of
all first coordinates of the ordered pairs of R and the range of R is the set of second co-ordinates of the
pairs of R that is
Domain of R  a  A : a, b   R
Range of R  b  B : a, b   R

Inverse of a relation: Let R be a relation from set a A to a set B , then the inverse relation of R denoted
by R 1 is the relation from B to A defined by R 1  b, a  : a, b   R
Functions:
Let A and B be two non-empty sets. A function or mapping ' f ' from A to B is a relation which
associates every element of A with a unique element of B and is denoted by f : A  B .

If f : A  B is a function then A is called the Domain and B is called co-domain of f . If x  A is
associated with a unique element y  B by function f , then y is called image of x under f and is
denoted by y  f x  . Also x is called the pre-image of y under f .
The range of f is the set of those elements of B which appear as the image of at least one element of A
and is denoted by f  A .
Thus , f  A   f x   B : x  A clearly f  A  B .
Types of Functions:
1. One –one function: A function f : A  B is said to be one-one if different elements of A have
different images in B . It is also called injective function .
2. Onto function: A function f : A  B is said to be onto if for every y  B there exists at least one
element x  A such that f x   y . Thus if f is onto, then f  A  B . It is also called surjective function.
3. One-to-one function: A function f : A  B is said to be one-to-one (or) bijective if it is both one-one
and onto .
4. Into function: f : A  B is an into function if the range of f is a proper subset of B
5. Many-one functions: f : A  B is said to be a many –one function if more than one element of A is
mapped to an element of B .
6. Identity function: f : A  B is said to be an identity function if f x   x, x  A Here B  A and f
becomes I
7. Constant function: f : A  B is said to be constant function if f x   K , x  A where K is a fixed
element of B .
8. Odd function: A function f  x  is called an odd function if f  x    f x  .
9. Even function: A function f  x  is called an even function if f  x   f x  .
10. Periodic function If f  x  is the given function and if f  x   f  x  T   f  x  2T   ..........  f  x  nT  ,
where T is the period, then f  x  is called a periodic function.

11. Inverse function: If f : A  B is a bijective function then the inverse of f denoted by f 1 : B  A is
defined by f 1   y, x  : x, y  f  .
TSR:
1. If A and B be two non-empty sets having ' n ' elements in common, then A B and B  A will have
n 2 elements in common.
2. If A and B are two non-empty sets such that n  A  m and n  B   n , then the number of possible
relation that can be defined from A to B is 2 mn.

2
3. The number of possible relations from A to A is 2m .
4. If f  x  is function then,
1
(1)  f  x   f   x  is an even function.
2
1
(2)  f  x   f   x  is an odd function.
2
1 1
(3) f  x    f  x   f   x    f  x   f   x 
2 2
5. If A and B are two finite sets such that n  A  m and n  B   n, then,
(a) The number of function from A into B is n m .
(b) The number of one-one function from A into B is given by n Pm if m  n and it will be
zero if m  n .
(c) The number of onto functions from A onto B is equal to number of ways of dividing m
things into n groups so that no group is empty, if m  n, then it is zero.
(d) The number of bijections from A onto B is m ! , if m  n and is zero otherwise.
6. If f : A  B is a bijection then n  A  n  B 
7. If f : A  B is injective then n  A  n  B 
8. If f : A  B is surjective then n  A  n  B  .
9. If A and B are two finite sets such that n  A  n, n  2 and n  B   2, then the number of onto
functions that can be defined from A onto B is 2n  2.

ax  b
10. If f  x   , then fof  x   x and f 1  x   f  x  .
cx  a

TSR:
1. The numbers of bijections from a finite set A onto a finite set B is n  A! if n  A  n  B  and O
otherwise.
2. The domain of a 2  x 2 is  a, a
1
3. The domain of is  a, a 
a  x2
2
4. The domain of x 2  a 2 is (, a]  [a, )
1
5. The domain of is (, a)  (a, )
x  a2
2
6. The domain of  x  a b  x  when a  b is a, b
1
7. The domain of when a  b is  a, b
 x  a b  x 
8. The domain of  x  a  x  b when a  b is  , a    b, 
Multiple Choice Questions

Set – 1
1. Let U  1, 2,3, 4,5,6,7,8,9,10 , A  1, 2,5 , B  6,7 then A  B ' is
(a) B ' (b) A (c) A ' (d) B
2. A  2,3, 4,8,10 , B  3, 4,5,10,12 , C  4,5,6,12,14 , then  A  B    A  C  is equal to
(a) 2,3, 4,5,8,10,12 (b) 2,4,8,10,12 (c) 3,8,10,12 (d) 2,8,10
3. If A and B are disjoint, then n  A  B  is equal to
(a) n  A (b) n  B  (c) n  A  n  B  (d) n  A  n  B 
4. If A  2, 4,5 , B  7,8,9 , then n  A  B  is equal to
(a) 6 (b) 9 (c) 3 (d) 0
5. If a set A has n elements, then the total number of subsets of A is

2
(a) n (b) n (c) 2n (d) 2n
6. Sets A and B have 3 and 6 elements respectively. What can be the minimum number of elements in
A  B?
(a) 3 (b) 6 (c) 9 (d) 18

7. If A  1, 2,3, 4,5 , then the number of proper subsets of A is
(a) 120 (b) 30 (c) 31 (d) 32

8. Two finite sets have m and n elements. The total number of subsets of the first set is 48 more than
the total number of subsets of the second set. The values of m and n are
(a) 7, 6 (b) 6, 3 (c) 6, 4 (d) 7, 4
9. In a college of 300 students, every student reads 5 newspapers and every newspaper is read by 60
students. The number of newspapers is
(a) at least 30 (b) at most 20 (c) exactly 25 (d) none of these
 
10. If A  x : x2  5x  6  0 , B  2, 4 , C  4,5 , then A   B  C  is
(a)  2, 4  ,  3, 4  (b)  4, 2  ,  4,3

(c)  2, 4  ,  3, 4  ,  4, 4  (d)  2, 2  ,  3,3 ,  4, 4  ,  5,5
11. If two sets A and B are having 99 elements in common, then the number of elements common to each
of the sets A  B and B  A are
2
(a) 299 (b) 99 (c) 100 (d) 18
12. R be the relation on the set N of natural numbers, defined by xRy if and only if x  2 y  8 . The
domain of R is
(a) 2,4,7 (b) 1, 2, 4 (c) 2, 4,6 (d) 2,6,8
13. If A  2,3,4,5 , then which of the following relations is a functions from A to itself
(a) f1   x, y  : y  x  1 (b) f 2   x, y  : x  y  6
(c) f3   x, y  : x  y (d) f 4   x, y  : x  y  7
14. If f : N  N  N is such that f  m, n   m  n , for all n  N , where N is the set of all natural
numbers, then which of the following is true?

(a) f is one-one but not onto (b) f is neither one-one nor onto
(c) f is one-one and onto (d) f is onto but not one-one
15. The domain of the function f  x    2  2 x  x  is

2
(a) 1  x  3 (b) 1  3  x  1  3 (c) 2  x  2 (d) none of these
1
16. If f  x   1  x 4 , then f  x   f   
 x

1 1  1 
(a) f  x  f   (b) f  x   f   (c) f  x   f  2 
(d) none of these
 x  x x 
17. The number of bijective functions from the set A to itself, if A contains 108 elements is
(b) 108 ! (c) 108

2
(a) 108 (d) 2108
18. The domain of the function f  x   x  1  6  x is
(a) 1, (b)  ,6 (c) 1,6 (d)  , 6
x2  x
19. The range of the function f  x   is
x2  2 x
 1 
(a) R   ,1 (b) R (c) R  1 (d) none of these
 2 
 2x  1 
20. Domain of sin 1   is
 3 
(a)  2,1 (b)  2,1 (c) R (d)  2,0
21. The range of the function f  x   7 x

Px 3 is
(a) 1, 2,3, 4 (b) 1, 2,3, 4,5,6 (c) 1, 2,3 (d) 1, 2,3, 4,5
22. The domain of  x  23  x  is
(a)  2,3 (b)  2,3 (c)  2,3 (d) none of these
23. Let A  1, 2 , B  3, 4 and C  4, 5 . Then  A  B   B  C  is
(a) 1, 3 ,  2, 3 (b) 1, 3 , 1, 4  (c)  2, 3 ,  2, 4  (d) 1, 4  ,  2, 3
24. If A  1, 2, 3 , B  3, 8 , then  A  B   A  B is
(a)  3,1 ,  3, 2  ,  3, 3 ,  3, 8 (b) 1, 3 ,  2, 3 ,  3, 3 , 8, 3

(c) 1, 2  ,  2, 2  , 3, 3 , 8, 8 (d) 8, 3 , 8, 2  , 8,1 , 8, 8
25. Let A 2, 4 and B  2, 3, 4, 5 , then n  A  B    B  A   
(a) 3 (b) 6 (c) 9 (d) 16
26. If A  2, 4 and B  3, 4, 5 , then  A  B   A  B 
(a)  2, 2  ,  3, 4  ,  4, 2  , 5, 4  (b)  2, 3 ,  4, 3 ,  4, 5

(c)  2, 4  ,  3, 4  ,  4, 4  ,  4, 5 (d)  4, 2  ,  4, 3 ,  4, 4  ,  4, 5
 
27. If A  x : x2  5x  6  0 , B  2, 4 , C  4, 5 , then A   B  C  

(a)  2, 4  ,  3, 4  (b)  4, 2  ,  4, 3

(c)  2, 4  ,  3, 4  ,  4, 4  (d)  2, 2  ,  3, 3 ,  4, 4  ,  5, 5 
28. Set A has three elements and the set B has six elements, then the minimum number of elements in
the set A  B is
(a) 3 (b) 6 (c) 9 (d) 18
29. If A and B are two sets such that
n  A  70, n  B  60 and n  A  B  110 , then n  A  B 
(a) 240 (b) 50 (c) 40 (d) 20
30. Let n U   700, n  A  200, n  B  300 and n  A  B  100 , then n  A ' B' 
(a) 400 (b) 600 (c) 300 (d) 200
Set – 2
1. Let A  a, b, c , B  b, c, d  , C  a, b, d , e , then A   B  C  is
(a) a, b, c (b) b, c, d  (c) a, b, d , e (d) e
2. If A and B are not disjoint, then n  A  B  is equal to
(a) n  A  n  B  (b) n  A  n  B   n  A  B 
(c) n  A  n  B   n  A  B  (d) n  A  n  B 
3. If n  A  3 and n  B   6 and A  B , then the number of elements in A  B is equal to
(a) 3 (b) 9 (c) 6 (d) none of these
4. If A  0,1 , and B  1,0 , then A  B is equal to:
(a) 0,1,1,0 (b)  0,11,0 (c) 0,0 (d)  0,1 ,  0,0 , 1,1 , 1,0
5. The number of non-empty subsets of the set 1,2,3,4 is
(a) 15 (b) 14 (c) 16 (d) 17

6. If the set A has p elements, B has q elements, then the number of elements in A  B is
(a) p  q (b) p  q  1
2
(c) pq (d) p
7. If A  a, b, c , B  b, c, d  and C  a, c, d  , then  A  B    B  C  
(a)  a, b  ,  c, d  (b)  a, c  ,  a, d  (c)  a, c  ,  a, d  , b, d  (d)  c, a  ,  d , a 

8. In a city 20 percent of the population travels by car, 50 percent travels by bus and 10 percent travels
by both car and bus. Then persons travelling by car or bus is
(a) 80 percent (b) 40 percent (c) 60 percent (d) 70 percent
9. A class has 175 students. The following data shows the number of students opting one or more
subjects. Mathematics 100; Physics 70; Chemistry 40; Mathematics and Physics 30; Mathematics and
Chemistry 28; Physics and Chemistry 23. Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry 18. How many
students have offered Mathematics alone?
(a) 35 (b) 48 (c) 60 (d) 22
10. Let A   p, q, r , s and B  1,2,3 which of the following relations from A and B is not a function
(a) R1   p,1 ,  q,2 ,  r,1 ,  s,2 (b) R2   p,1 ,  q,1 ,  r,1 ,  s,1
(c) R3   p,1 ,  p,2 ,  r,2 ,  s,3 (d) R4   p,2 ,  q,3 ,  r,2 ,  s,2
11. Let A  1,2,3 and B  2,3,4 , then which of the following relation from A to B is a function from
A into B
(a)  2,2 , 1,3 ,  2,4 , 3,2 (b) 1,4 ,  2,4 , 3,4
(c)  2,2 , 3,4 (d) 1,2 ,  2,3 , 3,4 , 3,3
12. Let A  1,2,3,4 , B  1,2 . Then the number of onto functions from A onto B is
(a) 14 (b) 16 (c) 12 (d) 8
13. If X  1,2,3,4 , then one-one onto mappings f : X  X such that f 1  1, f  2   2 and
f  4   4 are given by
(a) 1,1 ,  2,3 , 3,4 ,  4,2 (b) 1,2 ,  2,4 , 3,3 ,  4,2
(c) 1,2 ,  2,4 , 3,2 ,  4,3 (d) none of these
14. The domain of the function f  x   log10 x is

2
(a) x  0 (b) x  1 (c) x  1 (d) x  4
log 2  x  3
15. Domain of the definition of f  x   is
x 2  3x  2
(a) R  1, 2 (b)  2,  
(c) R  1, 2, 3 (d)  3,    1, 2

x2  x  2
16. Range of the function f  x   where x is a real number is
x2  x  1
 7  7
(a)  3,5  (b) 1,3 (c) 1,  (d)  1, 
 5   3
sin 1  x  3
17. The domain of the function f  x   is
9  x2
(a) 1,2 (b)  2,3 (c)  2,3 (d) 1, 2
18. The number of bijective functions (one-one onto) from set A to itself when A contains 106 elements is
3
(a) 106 (b) 106 (c) 106! (d) 2106
19. Let A, B be two sets each with 10 elements. Then the number of all possible bijections from A to B is
(a) 20 (b) 10! (c) 100 (d) none of these
20. Domain of 4  x 2 is
(a)  2, 2  (b)  3, 2 (c)  2, 2 (d) none of these
21. Domain of x 2  16 is
(a)  4, 4 (b)  ,4    4,   (c)  , 4   4,   (d) none of these
22. The domain of  x  3 x  5 is
(a)  ,3   5,   (b)  ,3  5,   (c)  ,3   5,   (d) none of these
1
23. The domain of is
 x  4 x  5
(a)  ,4   5,   (b)  ,4  5,   (c)  ,4   5,   (d) none of these
24. If A and B are any two sets then A   A  B '
(a) B (b) B’ (c) A (d) 
25. A and B are two sets, then A  B   , if an only if
(a) A  B (b) B  A (c) A  B (d) A  B  
26. If A  1, 2, 3, 4 then the number of elements in A  A is
(a) 4 (b) 8 (c) 12 (d) 16

27. If the set A has p elements, B has q elements, then the number of elements is A  B is
(a) p  q (b) p  q  1 (c) pq (d) p 2
28. If A and B are any two finite sets then n  A  n  B is equal to

(a) n  A  B (b) n  A  B
(c) n  A  B  n  A  B (d) n  A  B  n  A  B
29. If A  2, 3, 4, 5 , then which of the following relations is a function from A to itself
(a) f1   x , y  : y  x  1 (b) f 2   x , y  : x  y  6
(c) f3   x , y  : x  y (d) f 4   x , y  : x  y  7
30. If a set X  a, b , c , d which of the following is a function of X ?
(a) R1   b , a  ,  a , b  ,  c , d  ,  a , c  (b) R2   a , d  ,  d , c  ,  b , b  ,  c , c 
(c) R3   a , b  ,  b , c  ,  c , d  ,  b , d  (d) R4   a , a  ,  b , b  ,  c , c  ,  a , d 
Set – 3
1. The domain of the function f  x    2  2x  x2  is

(a) 1  x  3 (b) 1  3  x  1  3 (c) 2  x  2 (d) none of these
2. If A and B are two finite sets such that A  B   , then n  A  B 
(a) n  A  n  B (b) n  A  n  B  n  A  B
(c) n  A  n  B  n  A  B (d) n  A  n  B
3. If A and B are finite sets and A  B then
(a) n  A  B  n  A (b) n  A  B  n  B (c) n  A  B  n  B (d) none of these
4. In a group of 75 persons every-one takes either tea or coffee. If 45 take tea and 35 take coffee, then the
number of persons who take tea only (and not coffee) is
(a) 35 (b) 40 (c) 45 (d) 50
5. Two finite sets A and B have m and n elements. Number of subsets of A is 56 more than that of B .
The values of m and n are
(a) 6, 3 (b) 7, 6 (c) 7, 3 (d) 6, 4
6.    
If A   x , y  : x2  y 2  25 and B   x , y  : x2  9y 2  144 , then A  B contains
(a) one point (b) two point (c) three point (d) four point
7. If A and B are any two sets then A   A  B is equal to
(a) B  A (b) A  B (c)  (d) A  B
8. If A and B are any two sets then  A  B   A  B 

(a) A  B (b) B  A (c)  A  B   B  A (d)  A  B   B  A
9.     
If A  x : x  N , x 2  9 x 2  5  0 and B  x : x  N , x  x  2  x  3  0 where N is the set of all
natural numbers, then B  A is
(a)  2, 3 ,  3, 3 (b)  3, 2  ,  3, 3 (c)  0, 3 ,  2, 3 , 3, 3 (d) 3, 0 , 3, 2 , 3, 3
10. If A2, 4 and B 3, 4, 5 then  A  B   A  B 
(a)  2, 2  ,  3, 4  ,  4, 2  , 5, 4  (b)  2, 3 ,  4, 3 ,  4, 5

(c)  2, 4  ,  3, 4  ,  4, 4  ,  4, 5 (d)  4, 2  ,  4, 3 ,  4, 4  ,  4, 5
11. R be the relation on the set N of natural numbers, defined by xRy if and only if x  2y  8 . The
domain of R is
(a) 2, 4, 7 (b) 1, 2, 4 (c) 2, 4, 6 (d) 2, 6, 8
12. Let A  p, q , r , s and B  1, 2, 3 which of the following relations from A to B not a function.
(a) R1   p ,1 ,  q , 2  ,  r ,1 ,  s , 2  (b) R2   p ,1 ,  q ,1 ,  r ,1 ,  s ,1
(c) R3   p ,1 ,  q , 2  ,  p , 2  ,  s , 3 (d) R4   p , 2  ,  q , 3 ,  r , 2  ,  s , 2 
13. In the set X a, b, c , d which of the following relations is a function?
(a) R1   b , a  ,  a , b  ,  c , d  ,  a , c  (b) R2   a , d  ,  d , c  ,  b , b  ,  c , c 
(c) R3   a , b  ,  b , c  ,  c , d  ,  b , d  (d) R4   a , a  ,  b , b  ,  c , c  ,  c, d 
14. Let A  1, 2, 3 and B  2, 3, 4 then which of the following relation from A to B is a function from A
into B .
(a)  2, 2  , 1, 3 ,  2, 4  , 3, 2  (b) 1, 4  ,  2, 4  , 3, 4 

(c)  2, 2  ,  3, 4  (d) 1, 2  ,  2, 3 , 3, 4  , 3, 3
1
15. If f  x   1  x 4 , then f  x   f   
x
1 1 2

(a) f  x   f   (b) f  x   f   (c) f  x   f   (d) none of these
x x x
16. If A1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , B   p, q, r, s , then n  A  B  
(a) 8 (b) 4 (c) 20 (d) 54

17. There are 100 families in a society, 40 families buy newspaper A, 30 families buy newspaper B, 30
families buy newspaper C, 10 families buy newspaper A and B, 8 families buy newspaper A, B and C,
then the number of families who do not buy any newspaper, is
(a) 20 (b) 80 (c) 0 (d) None of these
18. Consider the following statements :
(i) if A  B   , then either A   or B   (ii) for a  b, a, b  b, a and  a, b    b, a 
(iii) if A  B, then  A  B    B  A  A  A (iv) if A  B and C  D, then A  C  B  D.
Which of these is/are correct?

(a) Only (ii) (b) Only (i) (c) Only (iv) (d) (ii), (iii) & (iv)
19. The relation R defined on set A   x : x  3, x  I  By R   x, y  : y x  is
(a)  2, 2  ,  1, 1 ,  1,  1 ,  0, 0  , 1, 1 2, 2 
(b)  2,  2  ,  2, 2  ,  1, 1 ,  0, 0  , 1,  2  , 1, 2  ,  2,  1 ,  2,  2 
(c)  0, 0  , 1, 1 2, 2 
(d) None of the above
20. Let A  1, 2, 3. the total number of distinct relation that can be defined over A, is
(a) 29 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) None of these
21. If R   x, y  : x, y  I , x2  y2  4 is a relation in I , then domain of R is

(a) 0, 1, 2 (b) 2,  1, 0 (c) 2,  1, 0, 1, 2 (d) None of these
22. Let R be a relation in N defined by x  2 y  8 the range of R is
(a) 2, 4, 8 (b) 2, 4, 6, 8 (c) 2, 4, 6 (d) 1, 2, 3, 4
1
23. If  x  denotes the greatest integer Î x and f (x ) = + (2 - x )x , then the domain of f is
[x ]
(a) 0, 2 (b)  0, 1 (c) 1, 2 (d) 1, 2
24. Domain of f  x   log 2 x  x2   is

(a)  0,  (b) 1,   (c)  0, 1 1, (d) None of these
2x  1
25. The domain of definition of the function 3 is given by
x  10 x  11
2
(a)    x   (b) x  0 (c) x  0 (d) x  1, x  11

 
26. The range of the function y  f  x   sin  x  ,  x , where  x  denotes the greatest integer  x is
4 4
(a) 0 (b) 0,  1 (c) 0,  sin1 (d) 0,  sin1
27. The domain of the function

1
y  f  x   x  2 is
log10 1  x 
(a)  3,  2 excluding  2  5 (b)  0, 1 , Excluding 0  5
(c)  2,  1 excluding 0 (d) None of these
2
28. The domain of definition of the function y  3e x 1 log  x  1 is
(a) 1,   (b) 1,  
(c) Set of all real’s different from 1 (d)  ,  1 1, 

4  x2
29. Let  x  denote the greatest integer  x . The domain of definition of function f  x   is
 x  2
(a)  ,  2 1, 2 (b) 0, 2 (c)  1, 2 (d)  0, 2 
30. In a certain town 25% families own a phone and 15% own a car, 65% families own neither a phone
nor a car. 2000 families own both car and phone.
Consider the following statements in this regard
(i) 10% families own both car and phone
(ii) 35% families own either a car or a phone
(iii) 4000 families live in the town
Which of the above statement are correct?
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i) and (iii) (c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (i), (ii), and (iii)

Set – I Solutions
Answers Key
1. b 2. a 3. c 4. b 5. c 6. b 7. c 8. c 9. c 10. a
11. b 12. c 13. d 14. b 15. b 16. a 17. b 18. c 19. a 20. b
21. c 22. c 23. a 24. b 25. a 26. d 27. a 28. b 29. d 30. c
1. Now B '  1,2,3,4,5,8,9,10
 A  B '  1,2,5  1,2,3,4,5,8,9,10  1,2,5  A
2. A  B  2,3,4,8,10  3,4,5,10,12  2,3,4,5,8,10,12
A  C  2,3, 4,8,10 4,5,6,12,14  2,3,4,5,6,8,10,12,14
 A  B    A  C   2,3,4,5,8,10,12
3. Since A and B are disjoint  A  B   n  A  B   0 . Now n  A  B   0
Now n  A  B   n  A  n  B   n  A  B   n  A  n  B   0  n  A  n  B 
4. n  A  B   n  A  n  B   3  3  9
 A  B   2, 7  ,  2,8  ,  2,9  ,  4, 7  ,  4,8  ,  4,9  ,  5, 7  ,  5,8  ,  5,9 
Number of subsets of A  C0  C1   nCn  2n

n n
5.
6. n  A  B   n  A  n  B   n  A  B   3  6  n  A  B 
Since maximum number of elements in A  B  3
 Minimum number of elements in A  B  9  3  6
The number of proper subsets  2  1  2  1  31

n 5
7.
Since 2  2  48  16  3  2  3
m n 4
8.
 n  4 and 2mn  4  22  m  n  2  m  4  2  m  6 m  6, n  4
9. Let number of newspapers be x . If every student reads one newspaper, the number of students
would be x  60   60 x Since every student reads 5 newspapers,
x  60
 number of students   300  x  25
5
10. Clearly A  2,3 , B  2,4 , C  4,5
B  C  4  A   B  C    2,4 ,  3,4 

11. n   A  B    B  A    n   A  B    B  A   n  A  B   n  B  A 
 n  A  B   n  A  B    99  99   992
12. We have x  2 y  8  x  8  2 y, y  N
Now y  1  x  6, y  2  x  4, y  3  x  2
If y  3 , then x will be a negative integer
 Domain of R  2,4,6 
[Domain of R  x  x, y   R  
13. In f1 ,5  A is not related to any element i.e., 5 is not associated to any element.
In f 2 ,3 is associated to 4 and 5
In f 3 ,5 is associated to 2 and 3
f 4   2,5 ,  3,4 ,  4,3 , 5,2  Clearly f 4 is a function
14. f is not one-one – for
f  2,3  2  3  5
 but  2,3   3,2 
f  3,2   3  2  5
f is not onto – for 1 N , but  no  a, b   N such that a  b  1 , (i.e., f  a, b   1 )

( a  1, b  1  a  b  1 )
15. f  x   2  2 x  x is defined for all x for which, 2  2 x  x  0

2 2
2  4  8
i.e., for which x  2 x  2  0. Consider x  2 x  2  0  x   x  1  3
2 2
2
Thus x  2 x  2  0 , for 1  3  x  1  3
2
[ ax  bx  c  0 for   x   , where
2
 and  are the roots of ax 2  bx  c  0 ,    ]
16. One has to apply the result, that a function f  x  satisfying the condition
1 1
f  x  f    f  x 
 x
 
f   , is of the from 1  x n , thus the answer is (a)
 x
17. The number of bijections from the set A onto the set B is m ! , where
n  A  n  B   m  the number of bijections  108!
18. We have, f  x   x 1  6  x
Now, x  1  0  x  1 ; 6  x  0  x  6

Thus the domain is 1  x  6 ; i.e., 1,6
x2  x
19. We have f  x   . This is well defined for all x such that x  0 and x  2
x2  2 x
x2  x x 1
Let, y  y  x  0  y  x  2  x  1
x  2x x2
2y 1
 x  y  1  2 y  1  x   y  1
1 y
1  1
Also as x  0,2 y  1  0  y  . Thus range  R  1,  
2  2
 2x  1 
20. We have, f  x   sin 1  
 3 
2x  1
Clearly, 1   1  3  2 x  1  3  3  1  2 x  2  2  x  1
3
 Domain is  2,1
21. We have, f  x   7 x
Px 3
This is well defined only when 7  x  x  3  10  2 x  x  5
Also, x  3  0  x  3 . Thus the domain of f  x  is 3  x  5  3,4,5
Now, f  3  4 P0  1, f  4   3 P1  3, f  5   2 P2  2  Range  1,2,3
22.  x  2 3  x   0   x  2 x  3  0  x  2,3

23. A 1, 2 , B  3, 4 , C  4, 5 , A  B  1, 2 , B  C  3
 A  B    B  C   1, 3 2 , 3 Ans: (a)
24. A  1, 2, 3 , B  3, 8
A  B 1, 2, 3, 8 , A  B  3
 A  B   A  B  1, 3 ,  2, 3 ,  3, 3 , 8, 3 Ans: (b)
25. A  B   2, 2  ,  2, 3 ,  2, 4  ,  2, 5  ,  4, 2  ,  4, 3 ,  4, 4  ,  4, 5 
B  A   2, 2  ,  2 , 4  ,  3, 2  ,  3, 4  ,  4 , 2  ,  4 , 4  , 5, 2 5 , 4 
 number of elements in common are 4 Ans: (a)
26. A  2, 4 , B  3, 4, 5
A  B  4 , A  B  2, 3, 4, 5

 A  B   A  B   4, 2  ,  4, 3 ,  4, 4  ,  4, 5 Ans: (d)
27. x 2  5x  6  0   x  3 x  2  0  x  3, 2
 A  2, 3 , B  2, 4 , C 4, 5
A 2, 3 , B  C  4
 A   B  C    2, 4  ,  3, 4  Ans: (a)
28. n  A  B  n  A  n  B  n  A  B
Also n  A  B  min n  A  , n  B    n  A  B  min 3, 6  3  n  A  B  3
n  A  B  n  A  n  B  3  n  A  B  3  6  3  6
Thus the minimum number of elements is A  B is 6 Ans: (b)
29. We have, n  A  B  n  A  n  B  n  A  B
110  70  60  n  A  B  n  A  B  130 110  20 Ans: (d)
30. We have n  A  B  n  A  n  B  n  A  B
 n  A  B  200  300 100  n  A  B  400
Now, n  A' B'  n  A  B '  n U   n  A  B  700  400  300 Ans: (c)
Set – II Solutions
Answers Key
1. a 2. b 3. c 4. d 5. a 6. c 7. b 8. c 9. c 10. c
11. b 12. a 13. a 14. b 15. d 16. d 17. b 18. c 19. b 20. c
21. c 22. b 23. a 24. d 25. a 26. d 27. c 28. c 29. d 30. b
1. B  C  a, b, c, d , e
A   B  C   a, b, c  a, b, c, d , e  a, b, c  A
2. n  A  B   n  A  n  B   n  A  B 
3. Since A  B  A  B  B
n  A  B  n  B  6
4. Use definition of Cartesian product of sets, A  B   0,1 ,  0,0 , 1,1 , 1,0
5. Number of non-empty subsets of 1, 2,3, 4  24  1  15

6. n  A  B   pq
7. B  C  c, d , A  B  a
 A  B   B  C   a c, d   a, c  ,  a, d   (b) holds

8. n C   20, n  B   50, n C  B   10
Now n  C  B   n C   n  B   n C  B   20  50  10  60
Hence required number of persons = 60 %

9. n  M alone  n  M   n  M  C   n  M  P   n  M  P  C   100  28  30  18  60
 (c) is the correct answer

10. Clearly R3 is not a function – for the element P is associated to two different element s 1 and 2.
11. In (a) image of 2 is not unique

In (c) image of 1 is not defined
In (d) image 3 is not unique. Thus, (b) is a function
12. Total number of function from A into B is 24 .

Out of these, two functions are not onto. i.e., f  x   1, x  A and g  x   2, x  A
Thus the total number of onto functions  24  2  14

13. Clearly (a) is the correct answer. This function is both one-ones onto.
14. f  x   log10 x is defined for

2
log10 x 2  0  x 2  10  x 2  1  x  1
log 2  x  3
15. We have, f  x  
x 2  3x  2
f  x  is defined for x  3  0 and x 2  3x  2  0
 x  3 and  x  1 x  2   0  x  3 and  x  1 or x  2   x   3,    1, 2
x2  x  2
16. We have, f  x  
x2  x  1
. Clearly f  x  is defined for all x  R  x 2  x  1  0 for all x  R 
x2  x  2
Let, y    y  1 x 2   y  1 x   y  2   0
x2  x  1
Clearly y  1 . Now since x is real the discriminant must be  0
  y  1  4  y  1 y  2  0  3 y 2  10 y  7  0  3 y 2  10 y  7  0
2

7 7  7
  3 y  7  y  1  0  1  y  1 y   y  1  1, 
3 3  3
sin 1  x  3
17. We have, f  x  
9  x2
f  x  is well defined for 1  x  3  1 and 9  x 2  0
Now, 1  x  3  1  2  x  4
9  x 2  0  x 2  9  3  x  3
Combining these, we have 2  x  3 i.e.  2,3
18. Number of bijections  106!

19. Number of bijections = 10!
20. 4  x  0  x  4  2  x  2  x   2,2
2 2
21. x  16  0  x  16  4  x  4  x   , 4   4,  

2 2
22.  x  3 x  5  0  x   ,3  5,  

23.  x  4 x  5  0  x   ,4   5,  
24. A   A  B '  A   A'  B'   A  A'  B'    B'  
Ans: (d)
25. If A  B , then A  B   and conversely
Ans: (a)
26. If n  A  m and n  B  n therefore n  A  B  m  n
Thus the number of elements in A  A is 4  4  16

Ans: (d)
27. Standard result “If the set A has p elements, B has q elements, then the number of elements is A  B
is pq ”
Ans: (c)
28. We have in general n  A  B  n  A  n  B  n  A  B  n  A  n  B  n  A  B  n  A  B
Ans: (c)
29. In f1 , 5  A is not related to any element i.e., 5 is not associated to any element.
In f 2 , 3 is associated to 4 and 5
In f 4   2, 5  ,  3, 4  ,  4, 3 ,  5, 2 

Clearly f 4 is a function.
Ans: (d)
30. Clearly R2 is a function of x
Ans: (b)
Set – III Solutions

Answers Key
31. b 32. c 33. c 34. b 35. a 36. d 37. b 38. c 39. a 40. d
41. c 42. c 43. b 44. b 45. a 46. c 47. a 48. d 49. a 50. a
51. c 52. c 53. c 54. d 55. d 56. d 57. c 58. a 59. a 60. c
1. f  x   2  2x  x 2 is defined for all x for which, 2  2x  x 2  0
i.e., for which x 2  2x  2  0
2 48
consider x 2  2x  2  0  x   x  1 3
2
Thus x 2  2x  2  0 , for 1  3  x  1  3
 ax2  bx  c  0 for   x   , where  and  are the roots of ax2  bx  c  0,    

 
Ans: (b)
2. Standard result n  A  B  n  A  n  B  n  A  B Ans: (c)
3. By data A  B . Thus A  B  B
n  A  B  n  B Ans: (c)
4. A= set of persons who takes tea

B= set of persons who take coffee
By data n  A  B  75, n  A  45, n  B  35
Now, n  A  B  n  A  n  B  n  A  B  75  45  35  n  A  B  n  A  B  5
n  A  B  n  A  n  A  B  45  5  40 Ans: (b)
5. By data, 2m  2n  56  m  6, n  3 Ans: (a)
6. x2  y 2  25 is a circle with centre at origin and radius 5.
x2  9y 2  144 is an ellipse with centre at origin. These two intersect at four points. Ans: (d)

7. x  A   A  B  x  A and x   A  B
 x  A and  x  A or x B  x  A and x  B  x  A  B Ans: (b)
8. The sets A  B, B  A and A  B are pair wise disjoint and  A  B   B  A   A  B  A  B
 A  B  A  B   A  B   B  A Ans: (c)
9.      
Now x2  9 x2  5  0   x  3 x  3 x  5 x  5  0  x  3,  3, 5 ,  5
Clearly, A  3 ,  x N
Again, x  x  2 x  3  0  x  0, 2, 3
 B  2, 3  0  N
Now, B  A   2 , 3 ,  3, 3 Ans: (a)
10. A  B  4 , A  B  2, 3, 4, 5
 A  B   A  B   4, 2  ,  4, 3 ,  4, 4  ,  4, 5  Ans: (d)
11. We have x  2y  8  x  8  2y , y  N
Now, y  1  x  6
y  2 x  4
y  3 x  2
If y  4 , then x will be a negative integer
 Domain of R  2, 4, 6 [Domain of R  x| x , y   R ] Ans: (c)
12. Clearly R3 is not a function-for the element p is associated to two elements 1 and 2.
Ans: (c)
13. Question bases on the definition of function:
R4 is not a function, because of ' a ' is associated to two different elements ' b ' and ' c '
R3 and R4 are also not functions for the same reason.
R2 is a function from X into x . Ans: (b)
14. In (a) image of 2 is not unique

In (c) image of 1 is not defined
In (d) image of 3 is not unique
Thus (b) is a function. Ans: (b)
15. One has to apply the result, that a function f  x  satisfying the condition

1
f x  f    f x 
x
1

f   , is of the form 1  xn
x
 Ans: (a)
16. n  A  B   n  A , n  B   5  4  20
Ans: (c)
17. Given, n U   100, n  A  40, n  B   30, n C   30
n  A  B   10, n  B  C   8, n C  A  5, n  A  B  C   3
 
n Ac  Bc  C c  n  A  B  C   n U    n  A  B  C  
c
 100  40  30  30 10  8  5  3  100  80  20
Ans: (a)
18. Conceptual Ans: (d)
19. Given A  2, 1, 0, 1, 2 , relation of A is satisfied by
The set y  x on A ie., R   2, 2  ,  1, 1 ,  1,  1 0, 0  , 1, 1 2, 2  satisfies relation y  x on A
Ans: (a)
20. n  A  A   n  A   32  9. So, the total number of subsets
9
Of A A is 2 and a subset of A A is a relation over the set A. Ans: (a)
21. Given, R   x, y  : x, y  I , x2  y2  4   0, 0 ,  0,  1 ,  0, 1 ,  0,  2... 2, 0

 Domain of R   x :  x, y   R  2, 1, 0, 1, 2 Ans: (c)
22. Given, R   x, y  : x  2 y  8, x, y  N 
8 x
x  2y  8  y 
2
 R   2, 3 ,  4, 2  ,  6, 1
 Domain of R  :  x :  x, y   R  2, 4, 6 and Range of R   y :  x, y   R  1, 2, 3 Ans: (c)
23. For D f f  x  must be real   x  0 and  2  x  x  0
 x  0, 1 and 2  x  0, x  0 or 2  x  0 x  0
 x  0, 1 and 2  x, x  0 or 2  x, x  0
 x  0, 1 and 0  x  2
 x  1, 2  D f  1, 2 Ans: (c)

 
24. f  x  will be real if log 2 x  x2  0  2 x  x 2  e0  1  x 2  2 x  1  0
  x  1  0   x  1  0  x  1 D f  1.
2 2
Ans: (d)
25. Since cube roots of all real numbers can be found in reals
 for f to be real x 2  10 x  11  0 i.e.,  x  11 x  1  0  x  1, x  11 Ans: (d)
 
26. When   x  0  1    x  0   x   1  y  sin  1   sin1
4 4

When 0  x   1   x   0  y  sin 0  0R f  0,  sin1 Ans: (d)
4
27. D f   x  R :1  x  0,1  x  1 x  R : x  2  0
 x  R :1  x, x  0 x  R : x  2
 x  R : x  1, x  0 x  R : x  2  2, 1  0 Ans: (c)
28. For D f , x2  1  0 and   x  1  0  x  1 and x  1  x  D f  1,   Ans: (a)
4  x2
 0  4  x 2  0 and  x  2  4  x  0 and  x  2  0
2
29. For D f ,
 
x  2
 x 2  4 and  x  2 or and  x  2   x  2 and x  1 or  x  2 and x  2 
 x   1, 2 or x   ,  2 Ans: (a)

30. n  P   25%, n C   15%n Pc  C c  65%  and n  P  C   2000

 n P C
c
  65%  n  P  C   35%
Now, n  P  C   n  p   n C   n  P  C   n  P  C   40  35  5%
But n  P  C   2000
 Total number of families  2000  100  40000

5
Hence, statements (ii) and (iii) are correct Ans: (c)

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Axiom Foundation Bangalore

(2) Set builder form: A  x : x is a natural number

Ex: N  {x : x is a natural number} is an infinite set

C  2 is a singleton set

D  {x : x 2  9 & x is even} is a null set.

Note: Non-empty subsets  2n 1 .

Axiom Foundation Bangalore Page-1

If A  B   then A and B are said to be disjoint sets.

U  A and is denoted by A' or Ac . That is A1  x : x  , x  A

Axiom Foundation Bangalore Page-2

1.  A  B '  A'  B'

Some important results:

(2) A & B are not disjoint sets

If a, b   R then we say that “ a is R related to b ” and is written as aRb .

Then R  2,4, 2,6, 3,6, 3,9 .

Axiom Foundation Bangalore Page-3

by R 1 is the relation from B to A defined by R 1  b, a  : a, b   R

associates every element of A with a unique element of B and is denoted by f : A  B .

10. Periodic function If f  x  is the given function and if f  x   f  x  T   f  x  2T   ..........  f  x  nT  ,

where T is the period, then f  x  is called a periodic function.

Axiom Foundation Bangalore Page-4

11. Inverse function: If f : A  B is a bijective function then the inverse of f denoted by f 1 : B  A is

relation that can be defined from A to B is 2 mn.

(a) The number of function from A into B is n m .

functions that can be defined from A onto B is 2n  2.

Axiom Foundation Bangalore Page-5

2. The domain of a 2  x 2 is  a, a

4. The domain of x 2  a 2 is (, a]  [a, )

6. The domain of  x  a b  x  when a  b is a, b

Multiple Choice Questions

(a) B ' (b) A (c) A ' (d) B

2. A  2,3, 4,8,10 , B  3, 4,5,10,12 , C  4,5,6,12,14 , then  A  B    A  C  is equal to

(a) 2,3, 4,5,8,10,12 (b) 2,4,8,10,12 (c) 3,8,10,12 (d) 2,8,10

3. If A and B are disjoint, then n  A  B  is equal to

(a) n  A (b) n  B  (c) n  A  n  B  (d) n  A  n  B 

4. If A  2, 4,5 , B  7,8,9 , then n  A  B  is equal to

(a) 6 (b) 9 (c) 3 (d) 0

5. If a set A has n elements, then the total number of subsets of A is

Axiom Foundation Bangalore Page-6

(a) 120 (b) 30 (c) 31 (d) 32

(a)  2, 4  ,  3, 4  (b)  4, 2  ,  4,3

(a) 2,4,7 (b) 1, 2, 4 (c) 2, 4,6 (d) 2,6,8

numbers, then which of the following is true?

(c) f is one-one and onto (d) f is onto but not one-one

15. The domain of the function f  x    2  2 x  x  is

(a) 1  x  3 (b) 1  3  x  1  3 (c) 2  x  2 (d) none of these

Axiom Foundation Bangalore Page-7

(b) 108 ! (c) 108

18. The domain of the function f  x   x  1  6  x is

(a) 1, (b)  ,6 (c) 1,6 (d)  , 6

21. The range of the function f  x   7 x

22. The domain of  x  23  x  is

(a)  2,3 (b)  2,3 (c)  2,3 (d) none of these

23. Let A  1, 2 , B  3, 4 and C  4, 5 . Then  A  B   B  C  is

(a)  3,1 ,  3, 2  ,  3, 3 ,  3, 8 (b) 1, 3 ,  2, 3 ,  3, 3 , 8, 3

(a) 3 (b) 6 (c) 9 (d) 16

26. If A  2, 4 and B  3, 4, 5 , then  A  B   A  B 

(a)  2, 2  ,  3, 4  ,  4, 2  , 5, 4  (b)  2, 3 ,  4, 3 ,  4, 5

Axiom Foundation Bangalore Page-8

(a)  2, 4  ,  3, 4  (b)  4, 2  ,  4, 3

n  A  70, n  B  60 and n  A  B  110 , then n  A  B 

(a) 240 (b) 50 (c) 40 (d) 20