Formation of Sentences PDF

FORMATION OF
SENTENCE FORMATION OF SENTENCE IN
IN ENGLISH ENGLISH
WOw¡+¨µÖ’ © PUBLISHERS
ã¨fiK«Ûù"≥∞ÿ# "åHõº x~å‡}O FIRST EDITION
2003
COVER DESIGN
N.V. Ramana
PRINTED AT
PUBLISHED BY
SARASWATHI PUBLICATION
Satyanarayana puram, Vijayawada- 11
Price: Rs. 50/_
ã¨~°ã¨fiu Ñä¡ˆH+¨<£
ã¨`«º<å~åÜ«∞}Ñ¨Ù~°O, q[Ü«∞"å_» – 11
á¶È<£ : 626655 D Ñ¨Ùã¨ÎHõ=Ú#∞ ™ê^èŒº"≥∞ÿ#O`« =~°‰õΩ `«Ñ¨CÅ∞ ÖË‰õΩO_® =Ú„kOzÜ«Ú<åfl=Ú. U"≥·<å `«Ñ¨CÅ∞ LO>Ë =∂‰õΩ
`≥eÜ«∞Ñï¿ãÎ =∞e =Ú„^Œ}Ö’ ã¨=iOK«∞H˘#QÆÅ=Ú.
FORMATION OF SENTENCE IN ENGLISH FORMATION OF SENTENCE IN ENGLISH
A. Why can't you come? (Right)

4. Tell me where is the post office. (Wrong)
A. Tell me where the post office is. (Right)
5. Ask him why does he want a hundred rupees. (Wrong)
A. Ask him why he wants a hundred rupees. (Right)
FORMATION OF SENTENCE IN 6. Why he has gone to Madras? (Wrong)
ENGLISH A. Why has he gone to Madras? (Right)
7. Please tell me why are you going there. (Wrong)
WOw¡+¨µÖ’ ã¨fiK«Ûù"≥∞ÿ# "åHõº x~å‡}O A. Please tell me why you are going there. (Right)
8. How much you paid for the shirt? (Wrong)
A. How much did you pay for the shirt? (Right)
9. Whe you went to meet the collector? (Wrong)
W Ow¡+¨µ ÉèÏ+¨ =∞#k HÍ#Ñ¨Ê\˜H©, =∞#^≥·#Ok# HÍ~°º„Hõ=∂Ö’¡ WOw¡+¨µ
ZO`«Ö’`«∞QÍ áê`«∞‰õΩ áÈ~ÚO^À =∞#O^ŒiH© ÉÏQÍ `≥Å∞ã¨∞. 'Marks',
A.
10.
Whe did you go to meet the collector?
Why your parents don't like you to marry her?
(Right)
(Wrong)
'Signal', 'Bulb', 'Shoes' =O\˜ WOw¡+¨µ =∂@Å‰õΩ `≥Å∞QÆ∞ =∂@#∞ A. Why don't you parents like you to marry her? (Right)
Ñ¨@∞ìHÀ"åÅO>Ë ZO`« Hõ+¨ì"≥∂! JO`«ÖÏ WOw¡+¨µ ÉèÏ~°fÜ«∞ #~°#~åÖ’¡ 11. Why you haven't yet read the book? (Wrong)
ri‚OK«∞‰õΩáÈ~ÚOk. A. Why haven't you yet read the book? (Right)
J~Ú`Õ D ã≤÷u ˆH=ÅO =∂@Å =~°ˆH! WOw¡+¨µ "åHÍºÅx J#~°æà◊OQÍ 12. He told me what was he planning to do. (Wrong)
`«ÑC¨ ÖË‰¡ Ωõ O_® =∂\Ï¡_@ » O JO>Ë ~ÚÑ¨Ê\˜H˜ =∞#"åà◊§ Q˘O`«∞Ö’ "≥ÅHÍ¯Ü«∞ Ñ¨_∞» `«∞Ok. A. He told me what he was planning to do. (Right)
WO^Œ∞‰õΩ HÍ~°}O XHõ\ ˜ POQÆ¡O =∞# =∂`«$ÉèÏ+¨ HÍHõáÈ=@O, Ô~O_Àk POQÆ¡"åºHõ~°}O 13. They informed her when were they arriving. (Wrong)
g∞^Œ =∞#O „â◊^Œú K«∂Ñ¨HõáÈ=_»O. A. They informed her when they were arriving. (Right)
D Ñ¨Ùã¨ÎHõOÖ’ POQÆ¡"åHÍºÅ∞ ZÖÏ U~°Ê_»`åÜ≥∂? ã¨Ç¨Ï[OQÍ WOw¡+¨µ 2. x#flQÍx, JO`«„H˜`=« Ú ZÑ¨Ù_≥#· QÍx [iy# q+¨Ü∞« =Ú#∞ QÆ∞iOz K≥ÑÊ≤ #Ñ¨Ù_»∞
"åHõºx~å‡}OÖ’ =∞#O KÕ¿ã `«Ñ¨CÅ∞ – ã¨Ô~·# "åHõºx~å‡}O qÑ¨ÙÅOQÍ ~Ú=fi_»O Past Tense <Õ "å_»=Öˇ#∞.
[iyOk. Ex.1. I have seen the film yesterday. (Wrong)
„Ñ¨^è•#OQÍ H˘xfl ã¨∂„`åÅ#∞ QÆ=∞xOK«O_ç – A. I saw the film yesterday. (Right)
2. I had gone to Bombay last week. (Wrong)
RULES : A. I went to Bombay last week. (Right)
1. „Ñ¨â◊fl "ÕÜ«Ú#Ñ¨Ù_»∞ Verb =ÚO^Œ~° "å_ç, Subject `«~°∞"å`« "å_»=Öˇ#∞. HÍx 3. I have passed the examination two years ago. (Wrong)
ã¨=∂^è•#=Ú K≥Ñ¨C#Ñ¨Ù_»∞ Subject =ÚO^Œ~° "å_ç Verb #∞ `«~°∞"å`« A. I passed the examination two years ago. (Right)
"å_»=Öˇ#∞. 4. I have seen you yesterday in the street. (Wrong)
A. I saw you yesterday in the street. (Right)
Ex.1. What you are saying? (Wrong)
5. He has arrived a week ago. (Wrong)
A. What are you saying ? (Right)
A. He arrived a week ago. (Right)
2. Where he is going ? (Wrong)
A. Where is he going? (Right) 3. Wk=~°Ö’<Õ XHõ Ñ¨xx „áê~°OaèOz, „Ñ¨ã¨∞Î`«=Ú ‰õÄ_® P Ñ¨x<Õ KÕÜ«ÚK«∞#fl
3. Why you can't come? (Wrong) Ü≥∞_»Å ^•xH˜ Perfect Continuous Tense #∞ "å_»=Öˇ#∞.
WOw¡+¨µÖ’ ã¨fiK«Ûù"≥∞ÿ# "åHõº x~å‡}O 3 4 WOw¡+¨µÖ’ ã¨fiK«Ûù"≥∞ÿ# "åHõº x~å‡}O
Ex.1. I am working here for the last ten years. (Wrong) Ex.1. I am taking coffee every morning. (Wrong)
A. I have been working here for the last ten years. (Right) A. I take coffee every morning. (Right)
2. She is writing a novel for the last two months. (Wrong) 2. He is beating his wife everyday. (Wrong)
A. She has been writing a novel for the last two months. (Right) A. He beats his wife everyday. (Right)
3. They are residing in this town for the last two decades. (Wrong) 3. The earth is revolving round the sun. (Wrong)
A. They have been residing in this town for the last two decades. A. The earth revolves round the sun. (Right)
(Right) 4. This bicycle is belonging to me. (Wrong)
4. You are doing this problem for the last two hours. (Wrong)
A. This bicycle belongs to me. (Right)
A. You have been doing this problem for the last two hours. (Right)
5. He is knowing many people in Delhi. (Wrong)
4. Ô~O_»∞[iy# ãÖÑ¶¨∞@#Å#∞ QÆ∞iOz K≥Ñ¨C#Ñ¨Ù_»∞, ^•xÖ’ =ÚO^Œ∞ [iy# A. He knows many people in Delhi, (Right)
ãÖÑ¶¨∞@#‰õΩ PAST PERFECT TENSE #∞ "å_»=Öˇ#∞. `«~°∞"å`« [iy#
7. "No sooner" J#∞Ñ¨^Œ=ÚÅ∞ =zÛ#Ñ¨Ù_»∞ "than" #∞ "å_»=Öˇ#∞. HÍx
ãÖÑ¶¨∞@#‰õΩ PAST TENSE <Õ "å_»=Öˇ#∞.
Hardly ÖËHõ scarcely J#∞Ñ¨^Œ=ÚÅ∞ =zÛ#Ñ¨Ù_»∞ "when" #∞ "å_»=Öˇ#∞.
Ex.1. When he reached the station, the train left. (Wrong)
Ex.1. No sooner did the peon ring the bell, when the boys left he class.
A. When he reached the station, the train had left. (Right)
(Wrong)
2. By the time he arrived at the lodge, his friend vacated it. (Wrong) A. No sooner did the peon ring the bell, than the boys left the class.
A. By the time he arrived at the lodge, his friend had vacated it. (Right)
(Right) 0r Hardly (Scarcely) did the peon ring the bell, when the boys left the
3. When she had Joined the college, she completed twelve years of class. (Right)
service. (Wrong) 2. Scarcely did the train reach the station when my brother came to
A. When she Joined the college, she had completed twelve years of receive me. (Wrong)
service. (Right) A. Scarcely did the train reach the station when my brother come to
receive me. (Right)
5. Time =∞iÜ«Ú Condition clause Å∞ =zÛ#Ñ¨Ù_»∞ (Éèíq+¨º`«∞Î#∞ QÆ∞iOz or No sooner did the train reach the station, than my brother came to
K≥ Ñ ¨ C #Ñ¨ Ù _» ∞ ) Subordinate clause =∂„`« = Ú Present Tense Ö’<Õ receive me. (Right)
LO_»=Öˇ#∞. Main clause - Future Tense Ö’ LO_»=K«∞Û#∞. 8. Question tagÖ’ Subject #∞ |\˜ì J#∞‰õÄÅ=ÚQÍ L#fl Verb #∞ Pronoun
Ex.1. I shall wait for you till you will finish your lunch. (Wrong) #∞ "å_»=Öˇ#∞.
A. I shall wait for you till you finish your lunch. (Right) Ex.1. Rama goes to Delhi, isn't it? (Wrong)
2. Please meet me when you will visit Hyderabad. (Wrong)
A. Rama goes to Delhi, doesn't he? (Right)
A. Please meet me when you visit Hyderabad. (Right)
2. Rama went to Delhi, is n't it? (Wrong)
3. He may leave before I shall be free to meet him. (Wrong)
A. Rama went to Delhi, didn't he? (Right)
A. He may leave before I am free to meet him. (Right)
4. If you will study hard, you will pass the examination. (Wrong) 3. Rama is going to Delhi, isn't it? (Wrong)
A. If you study hard, you will pass the examination. (Right) A. Rama is going to Delhi, is n't he? (Right)
4. You are my friend, isn't it? (Wrong)
6. JÅ"å@∞QÍ KÕ¿ã Ñ¨xxQÆ∞iOz QÍx, `«~°K«∞ J^ÕsuQÍ KÕ¿ã (repeated) A. You are my friend, aren't you? (Right)
Ñ¨xx QÆ∞iOz QÍx K≥¿ÑÊ@Ñ¨C_»∞ Verb #∞ simple present Tense Ö’<Õ 5. You are joking, isn't it? (Wrong)
"å_®e. A. You are joking, aren't you? (Right)
9. "Or" JO`«=∞ÜÕ∞º Adjectives (Junior, Senior, Superior, Inferior, e.g. 1. Neither Leela nor her friend were to be found, (Wrong)
A. Neither Leela nor her friend was to be found. (Right)
Interior, Exterior =∞iÜ«Ú Prior) H˜ „Ñ¨H¯õ # "Than" #∞ LÑ¨Ü∂
≥ yOK«‰Äõ _»^∞Œ .
2. Either the cat or the dog are in the room. (Wrong)
"To" #∞ LÑ¨Ü≥∂yOKåe.
A. Either the cat or the dog in the room. (Right)
Ex.1. Rama is superior than Krishna. (Wrong)
HÍx "or", "nor", either-or", "neither-nor" KÕ`« connect KÕÜ«∞|_ç#
A. Rama is superior to Krishna. (Right)
Subjects "Õ~°∞ "Õ~°∞ persons Ö’ LO>Ë, Verb #∞ ^ŒQÆæ~°QÍ L#fl Subject #∞
2. My sister is junior than me by six years. (Wrong)
A. My sister is junior to me by six years. (Right)
|\˜ì ã¨=iOKåe.
3. Do you think you are superior than one? (Wrong) e.g. 1. He or I are mistaken. (Wrong)
A. Do you think you are superior to me? (Right) A. He or I am mistaken (Right)
4. This is inferior than that variety. (Wrong) 2. Neither you nor she have a pen. (Wrong)
A. This is inferior to that veriety. (Right) A. Neither you nor she has a pen. (Right)
5. Your boundary is exterior than that. (Wrong) 13. "Lest" J<Õ=∂@ (conjunction) `À "should" "å_»=Öˇ#∞.
A. Your boundary is exterior to that. (Right) e.g. 1. I remind you lest you may forget. (Wrong)
A. I remind you lest you should forget. (Right)
10. "Avail" ( J#QÍ make use of- LÑ¨Ü≥∂yOK«∞H˘#∞ Jx J~°ú=Ú) J#∞ Verb
14. "Return" J<Õ=∂@ `«~°∞"å`« "back" J<Õ =∂@ "å_»‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. HÍx come
=zÛ#Ñ¨Ù_»∞ ^•x „Ñ¨Hõ¯ reflexive pronoun #∞ "å_ç, ^•x „Ñ¨Hõ¯# "of" #∞
back (or came back) Jx "å_»=K«∞Û#∞.
"å_»=Öˇ#∞. Reflexive pronoun J#QÍ ^•xH˜ z=~° self JxQÍx selves
e.g: She returned back from Madras. (Wrong)
JxQÍx =K«∞Û#∞. She returned from Madras. (Right)
Ex.1. I must avail this opportunity. (Wrong)
or She came back from Madras. (Right)
A. I must avail myself of this opportunity. (Right)
15. "Discuss" J#∞ Verb `À „Ñ¨Hõ¯# "about" J#∞ Prepositon "å_»‰õÄ_»^Œ∞.
2. We should avail the summer vacation. (Wrong)
e.g. They discussed about the subject. (Wrong)
A. We should avail ourselves of the summer vacation. (Right)
They discussed the subject. (Right)
Note : I = myself; he = himself ; she = herself; you = yourself or yourselves;
they = themselves ; we = ourselves; it = itself; one=oneself. 16. "Suffer" J#∞ Verb `À "From" J#∞ preposition "å_®e "with"
"å_»‰õÄ_»^Œ∞.
11. "Due to"`À "åHõºO „áê~°OaèOK«‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. "Owing to"`À "åHõº=Ú e.g. He is suffering with malaria. (Wrong)
„áê~°OaèOK«=K«∞Û#∞. HÍx "Due to"`À „áê~°OaèOz#@∞¡~Ú`Õ ^•xH˜ =ÚO^Œ∞ He is suffering from malaria. (Right)
"be" Ü≥ÚHõ¯ Verb form #∞ "å_®e. 17. "Since" #∞ "Point of time" (xiÌ+¨ìHÍÅO)
`À#∂, "For"#∞ "Period of
e.g : Due to this carelessness, he fell down. (Wrong) time" (H˘O`« HÍÅ=º=kè) `À#∂ "å_»=Öˇ#∞.
A. It was due to his carelessness, he fell down. (Right) e.g. 1. I have known him since two years. (Wrong)
A. Owing to his carelessness, he fell down. (Right) A. I have known him for two years. (Right)
12. Ô~O_»∞QÍh JO`«HõO>Ë Z‰õΩ¯=QÍh Singular Subjects QÆ#∞Hõ "or" KÕ`«QÍh, 2. I have been waiting for you for six O' clock. (Wrong)
"nor" KÕ`«QÍh, "either-or" KÕ`«QÍh, "neither-nor" KÕ`«QÍh, connect A. I have been waiting for you since six O' clock. (Right)
KÕÜ«∞|_ç#Ñ¨Ù_»∞ Verb =∂„`«O UHõ=K«#O (Singular Number) Ö’<Õ 18. "Make" J<Õ Verb ‰õΩ "Let" J<Õ Verb ‰õΩ "Help" J<Õ Verb ‰õΩ plain
LO_»=Öˇ#∞. infinitive =ã¨∞ÎOkQÍx, "to-infinitive" "å_»‰õÄ_»^Œ∞.
e.g. 1. His Jokes made me to laugh. (Wrong) 23. 'Angry' J<Õ =∂@`À 'with' J<Õ Preposition #∞ "å_»=Öˇ#∞. HÍx 'upon'
A. His Jokes made me laugh, (Right)
J<Õ Preposition #∞ "å_»‰õÄ_»^Œ∞.
2. Please let me to know it. (Wrong)
e.g. She is angry upon him. (Wrong)
A. Please let me know it, (Right)
3. Please help us to serve you better. (Wrong) She is angry with him. (Right)
A. Please help us serve you better. (Right) 24. Next, last, this, that J#∞ =∂@`À „áê~°OaèOK«|_Õ Time expression#∞
19. Correlative Conjunctions like (e.g. not only-but also, either-or, Prepositions ÖË‰õΩO_»QÆ<Õ "å_»=Öˇ#∞.
neither-nor) should be followed by the same part of speech.
e.g. 1. My friend will return in this week. (Wrong)
e.g. 1. He is not only known for his talents, but also for his wisdom.
A. My friend will return this week. (Right)
(Wrong)
2. The college starts by next week. (Wrong)
A. He is known not only for his talents, but also for his wisdom.
(Right) A. The college starts next week. (Right)
2. He not only lost his trunk, but also his luggage. (Wrong) 25. ˆH=Å=Ú „Ñ¨"ÕtOK«∞@ Jx J~°ú=Ú =zÛ#Ñ¨Ù_»∞ 'enter' Jx "å_»=Öˇ#∞.
A. He lost not only his trunk, but also his luggage. (Right) HÍx XHõ Ñ¨xÖ’ x=∞QÆfl=∞QÆ∞@ Jx J~°ú=Ú =zÛ#Ñ¨Ù_»∞ 'enter into' Jx
20. `«‰õΩ¯= HÍÖÏxfl ã¨∂zOKÕ@Ñ¨C_»∞ "stay" J<Õ Verb #∞ KåÖÏHÍÖÏxfl "å_»=Öˇ#∞.
ã¨∂zOKÕ@Ñ¨C_»∞ "live" J<Õ Verb #∞ "å_»=Öˇ#∞. e.g. 1. Never enter into my house again. (Wrong)
e.g. 1. We have stayed in this house for many years. (Wrong) A. Never enter my house again. (Right)
A. We have lived in this house for many years. (Right) 2. The two friends entered a discussion. (Wrong)
2. We have lived in this hotel for two days. (Wrong) A. The two friends entered into a discussion. (Right)
A. We have stayed in this hotel for two days. (Right) 26. ˆH=Å=Ú HõÅ∞ã¨∞H˘#∞@ Jx J~°ú=Ú=zÛ#Ñ¨Ù_»∞ 'meet' Jx "å_»=Öˇ#∞.HÍx
21. "Order" J#∞ =∂@‰õΩ „Ñ¨Hõ¯# "for" "å_» ‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. HÍx "give an order XHõ ^Œ∞~°^Œ$+¨ì=Ú#∞ Z^Œ∞~˘¯#∞@ Jx J~°ú=Ú=zÛ#Ñ¨Ù_»∞ 'meet with' Jx
for" ÖËHõ "place an order for" Jx "å_»=K«∞Û#∞. "å_»=Öˇ#∞.
e.g. 1. I have ordered for six cups of coffee. (Wrong) e.g. 1. I shall meet with you in the park. (Wrong)
A. I have ordered six cups of coffee. (Right) A. I shall meet you in the park. (Right)
A. I have placed an order for six cups of coffee. (Right) 2. My father met an accident during his stay in Madras. (Wrong)
A. I have given an order for six cups of coffee. (Right) A. My father met with an accident during his stay in Madras. (Right)
22. "Await" J#∞#k Transitive verb, ^•x „Ñ¨Hõ¯# 'for' #∞ "å_»‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. 27. ˆH=Å=Ú Ç¨[~°QÆ∞@ Jx J~°ú=Ú =zÛ#Ñ¨Ù_»∞ 'attend' Jx "å_»=Öˇ#∞. HÍx
HÍx 'wait' J#∞#k Intransitive verb, ^•x „Ñ¨Hõ¯# 'for' #∞ "å_»=Öˇ#∞. XHõÑx¨ Ö’ x=∞QÆfl=∞QÆ∞@ Jx J~°=ú Ú =zÛ#Ñ¨Ù_»∞ 'attend to' Jx "å_»=Öˇ#∞.
e.g. 1. He is awaiting for them. (Wrong) e.g. 1. I have to attend to my brother-in-law's marriage (Wrong)
A. He is awaiting them. (Right) A. I have to attend my brother-in-law's marriage. (Right)
A. He is waiting for them. (Right) 2. She has to attend domestic duties. (Wrong)
2. I shall be awaiting for you in the park. (Wrong) A. She has to attend to domestic duties. (Right)
A. I shall be awaiting you in the park. (Right)
28. Consider (Considered), Call (Called) J#∞ =∂@Å∞ =zÛ#Ñ¨Ù_»∞ "å\˜
A. I shall be waiting for you in the park. (Right)
„Ñ¨Hõ¯ 'as' #∞ "å_»‰õÄ_»^Œ∞.
e.g. 1. Children call Nehru as 'Cha Cha' (Wrong) 2. She came by walk. (Wrong)
A. Children call Nehru 'Cha Cha'. (Right) A. She came on foot. (Right)
2. She considered him as a fool. (Wrong) 35. "Being" J#∞ =∂@`À "åHõº=Ú#∞ „áê~°OaèOK«‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. =ÚO^Œ∞QÍ "It" #∞
A. She considered him a fool. (Right)
"å_»=Öˇ#∞. ÖË^• Clause QÍ =∂~°Û=Öˇ#∞.
29. 'Want' J#∞ Verb =zÛ#Ñ¨Ù_»∞ 'to-infinitive' #∞ "å_»=Öˇ#∞. HÍx 'suggest' e.g. 1. Being a rainy day, we did not stir out. (Wrong)
J#∞ =∂@ =zÛ#Ñ¨Ù_»∞ 'that' clause #∞ "å_ç 'should' #∞ [`«Ñ¨~°K«=Öˇ#∞. A. It, being a rainy day, we did not stir out. (Right)
e.g. 1. I suggest to you to study medicine. (Wrong) A. As it was a rainy day, we did not stir out. (Right)
A. I want to study medicine. (Right) 36. 'Comprise' (HõeyÜ«ÚO_»∞@) J#∞ =∂@ =zÛ#Ñ¨Ù_»∞ „Ñ¨Hõ¯# 'of' #∞
A. I suggest that you should study medicine. (Right)
"å_»‰Äõ _»^∞Œ . HÍx 'Consist' J#∞ =∂@ =zÛ#Ñ¨Ù_»∞ „Ñ¨H¯õ # 'of' #∞ "å_»=Öˇ#∞.
30. J#∞ =∂@ `«~°∞"å`« 'to' #∞ "å_»‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. 'Told' `«~°∞"å`« 'object'
'Told' e.g. 1. This book comprises of ten essays. (Wrong)
LO_»=Öˇ#∞. 'Said' J#∞ =∂@ `«~°∞"å`«<Õ 'to' #∞ "å_»=Öˇ#∞. A. This book comprises ten essays. (Right)
e.g. 1. Rama told that he was busy. (Wrong) or A. This book consists of ten essays. (Right)
A. Rama told her that he was busy, (Right) 37. XHõ "åHõº=ÚÖ’x Verb „Ñ¨Hõ¯# 'not' =¿ãÎ any, anyone, anything Å∞
2. She told to me to do it. (Wrong)
Subject Å∞QÍ some, someone, something object QÍ QÍ#∂ "å_»‰Ä
õ _»^∞Œ .
A. She told me to do it. (Right)
e.g. 1. Any man is not better than Krishna. (Wrong)
31. QÆ=∞º™ê÷#=Ú#∞ QÆ∞iOz K≥Ñ¨C#Ñ¨Ù_»∞ 'for' #∞ "å_»=Öˇ#∞. 'To' #∞ A. No man is better than Krishna. (Right)
"å_»‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. 2. Any one is not greater than Murthy. (Wrong)
e.g. 1. I am leaving to Delhi. (Wrong) A. No one is greater than Murthy. (Right)
A. I am leaving for Delhi. (Right) 3. Anything is not so bad as misery. (Wrong)
A. Nothing is so bad as misery. (Right)
32. 'Congratulate' J#∞ =∂@ =zÛ#Ñ¨Ù_»∞ 'on' #∞ "å_»=Öˇ#∞. 'For' #∞
4. Have you not some hope? (Wrong)
"å_»‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. A. Have you no hope? or (Right)
e.g. 1. I congratulated him for his success. (Wrong) A. Have you not any hope? (Right)
A. I congratulated him on his success. (Right) 5. She has not someone to protect her. (Wrong)
33. "Get down" - the bus, the train, the taxi, the car Jx "å_»‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. A. She has no one to protect her. (Right)
e.g. 1. She got down the car. (Wrong) A. She has not anyone to protect her. (Right)
A. She got down from the car. (Right) A. She has no one to protect her. (Right)
2. He got down the train at Eluru. (Wrong) 6. They had not something to work last night. (Wrong)
A. They had nothing to work last night. (Right)
A. He got down from the train at Eluru. (Right)
A. They had not anything to work last night. (Right)
34. Jx "å_»=K«∞Û#∞. HÍx
"By train, by bus, by taxi, by car "By walk"
38. H˘xfl =∂@Å‰õΩ J#QÍ– News, business, paper, work, soap, advice
Jx "å_»‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. "On foot" Jx "å_»=Öˇ#∞.
Å‰õΩ a, an Å#∞ QÍx, |Ç¨ï=K«#=ÚÖ’QÍx "å_»‰õÄ_»^Œ∞.
e.g. 1. They came on train. (Wrong)
e.g. 1. This is a good news. (Wrong)
A. They came by train. (Right)
A. This is good news. (Right)
2. I have an urgent business. (Wrong) 5. I shall avail your offer.

A. I have urgent business. (Right) A. I shall avail myself of your offer.
A. I have an urgent engagement. (Right) 6. Telugu is called as the Italian of the East.
3. I want a soap, please. (Wrong) A. Telugu is called the Italian of the East.
A. I want a piece of soap, please. (Right) 7. He suggested me to apply for a job.
A. I want a cake of soap, please. (Right) A. He wanted me to apply for a job,
4. He gave me valuable advices. (Wrong) A. He suggested that I should apply for a job.
A. He gave me valuable pieces of advice. (Right) 8. Have you ordered for tea?
5. Would you please give me two papers? (Wrong)
A. Have you ordered tea?
A. Would you please give me two sheets of paper? (Right)
A. Have you placed an order for tea?
39. When we place two or more things or persons side by side, nothing
their similarities and differences, we use 'compare with' and when 9. He has laid there for two hours.
we state a resemblance between two or more things or persons, we A. He has lain there for two hours.
use 'compare to'. 10. He told to me an interesting news.
e.g.: Shakespeare compares the world with a stage. (Wrong) A. He told me interesting news.
A. Shakespeare compares the world to a stage. 11. Never enter into my house again.
"Compare" J#∞ =∂@ =zÛ#Ñ¨Ù_»∞ "to" #∞ "å_»=Öˇ#∞. A. Never enter my house again.
12. While going to the market, a ten-rupee note was found.
"Constrast" J#∞ =∂@ =zÛ#Ñ¨Ù_»∞ "with" #∞ "å_»=Öˇ#∞.
A. While he was going to the market a ten-rupee note was found.
e.g : Tagore is contrasted to Gandhi. (Wrong)
13. Shall you join me in a game of tennis?
A. Tagore is constrasted with Gandhi. (Right) A. Will you join me in a game of tennis?
40. We should avoid the use of plurals such as : Sceneries, miles after 14. Due to his negligence, he failed in the examination.
miles, the poors, the prices, the advices, Jewelleries, informations.
A. Owing to his negligence, he failed in the examination.
e.g. 1. The prices of gold and silver have gone up. (Wrong)
A. It was due to his negligence, he failed in the examination.
A. The price of gold and silver has gone up. (Right)
15. I am reminding you lest you may forget.
2. He gave me several informations. (Wrong)
A. I am reminding you lest you should forget.
A. He gave me several pieces of information. (Right) 16. We are awaiting for Joseph.
EXAMPLES - I A. We are awaiting Joseph.
Correct the following sentences :- A. We are waiting for Joseph.
1. I have passed the examination two years ago. 17. You are joking, isn't it?
A. I passed the examination two years ago. A. You are joking, aren't you?
2. I had seen you yesterday in the street. 18. Neither Suneeta nor Pushpa were to be seen.
A. I saw you yesterday in the street. A. Neither Suneeta nor Pushpa was be seen.
3. The criminal was hung. 19. She is superior than me in mathematics.
A. The criminal was hanged. A. She is superior to me in mathematics
4. I don't like to discuss about it now. 20. She not only last her ticket, but also her trunk.
A. I don't like to discuss it now. A. She lost not only her ticket, but also her trunk.
21. He has been ill since five days. 39. Since how many days are you working here?
A. He has been ill for five days. A. Since how many days have you been working here?
22. Being a very hot day, I stayed indoors. 40. Do you think you are superior than me.
A. It, being a very hot day, I stayed indoors. A. Do you think you are superior to me?
23. I have to start to Hyderabad in this evening. 41. When I return, I found the house empty.
A. I have to start for Hyderabad this evening. A. When I returned, I found the house empty.
24. Poets compare youth with spring. 42. We must avail the summer vacation.
A. Poets compare youth to spring. A. We must avail ourselves of the summer vacation
25. He has arrived yesterday. 43. Any leader is not greater than Lal Bahadur Sastry.
A. He arrived yesterday. A. No leader is greater than Lal Bahadur Sastry.
26. Pandit Nehru is considered as a great patriot.
44. One should not give his opinion unasked.
A. Pandit Nehru is considered a great patriot.
A. One should not give one's opinion unasked.
27. I want that you should go immediately.
45. Scarcely did the train reach the station than my brother and sister-in-
A. Iwant you to go immediately. law came to receive me.
28. I have no time to meet with him now.
A. Scarcely did the train reach the station, when my brother and sister-
A. I have no time to meet him now in-law came to receive me.
29. Supposing if he misses the train, will the he come back? A. No sooner did the 'train reach the station than my brother and sister-
A. supposing he misses the train, will he come back? in-law came to receive me.
30. Are you going to get down the bus now? 46. Krishna and Godavary are great rivers.
A. Are you going to get down from the bus now? A. The Krishna and the Godavary are great rivers.
31. Sitting on the gate , a scorpion stung me. 47. Will I get you a book?
A. While I was sitting on the gate , a scorpion stung me. A. Shall I get you a book?
32. We enjoyed in Bangalore.
48. One of my friend will do it.
A. We enjoyed ourselves in Bangalore.
A. One of my friends will do it.
33. Did you attend to school yesterday?
49. Being a fine day, the beach was crowded with holiday makers.
A. Did you attend school yesterday?
A. It, being a fine day, the beach was crowded with holiday makers.
34. He doesn't like to marry with my daughter.
50. The main part of the machine are its large rollers.
A. He doesn't like to marry my daughter.
A. The main parts of the machine are its large rollers.
35. I made him to buy the book.
A. The main part of the machine is its large rollers.
A. I made him buy the bok.
51. Each of the students went to their own rooms to attend to their studies.
36. He reached here on last Sunday.
A. He arrived here last Sunday. A. Each of the students went to his own rooms to attend to his studies.
37. Have you gone by bus or by walk? 52. The judge could not decide which was the best of the two competitors.
A;. Have you gone by bus or on foot? A. The judge could not decide who was the better of the two competitors.
38. I was not angry upon anybody. 53. The soldiers saw that they are in great danger.
A. I was not angry with anybody. A. The soldiers saw that they were in great danger.
54. Chinese have entered a valley in Himalayas. 72. He was debared to sit for the I.A.S. Examination.
A. The Chinese have entered a valley in the Himalayas. A. He was debared from sitting for the I.A.S. Examination.
55. He is knowing many people in Delhi. 73. This book comprises of eight chapters.
A. He knows many people in Delhi. A. This book comprises eight chapters.
56. He is getting well day by day. A. This book consists of eight chapters.
A. He is getting better day by day. 74. The Governor congratulated us for our success,
57. He is in very much distress. A. The Governor congratulated us on our success.
A. He is in great distress. 75. I shall return this book after a week.
58. I cannot cope up with my work. A. I shall return this book in a week.
A. I cannot cope with my work. A. I shall return this book in a week's time.
59. I wish to invite you for a dinner. 76. I shall be back just now.
A. I wish to invite you to dinner. A. I shall be back presently.
60. He sings very out of tune. 77. You are fairer than me.
A. He sings much out of tune.
A. You are fairer than I.
61. I got down the train.
78. I gave him one and a half rupee.
A. I got down from the train.
A. I gave him one rupee and a half.
62. He was used to drive a cart.
79. My father is leaving for Delhi by the 8-30 O' Clock bus.
A. He used to drive a cart.
A. My father is leaving for Delhi by the 8-30 bus.
63. Having gone there, the house was closed.
80. I have come to tell you an important news.
A. When he went there, the house was closed.
A. I have come to tell you important news.
64. The price of paddy has risen more than wheat.
81. Finish the work, before you will leave.
A. The price of paddy has risen more than that of wheat.
A. Finish the work, before you leave.
65. There was a number of people.
A. There were a number of people. 82. The students of my college are better than your college.
66. There is light at corner of street. A. The students of my college are batter than those of your college.
A. There is a light at the corner of the street. 83. He will leave on next Saturday.
67. I am suffering with dysentery. A. He will leave next Saturday.
A. I am suffering from dysentery. 84. Please visit me when you will come to Hyderabad.
68. I suggest to you to consult the dictionary. A. Please visit me when you come to Hyderabad.
A. I suggest that you should consult the dictionary. 85. He has given me a good advice.
69. Kalpana is married with a rich banker. A. He had given me good advice.
A. Kalpana is married to a rich banker. 86. I must write a letter; could you give me a paper ?
70. His speech neither brought credit to him nor prestige to his party. A. I must write a letter : could you give me a sheet of paper?
A. His speech brought neither credit to him nor prestige to his party. 87. I have a work to do.
71. I went to Madras for attending a meeting. A. I have work to do.
A. I went to Madras to attend a meeting, A. I have some work to do.
88. Why you haven't yet read the book? 105. I want a soap please.
A. Why have you not yet read the book? A. I want soap, please.
89. Yesterday I could reach the college in ten minutes. A. I want a piece (or cake) of soap, please.
A. Yesterday I was able to reach the college in ten minutes. 106. We consider him as great writer.
90. He may leave before I shall be free to meet him. A. We consider him a great writer.
A. He may leave before I can be free to meet him. 107. Being a rainy day, we dind't go out.
91. She told that the would not able to attend the meeting.
A. It, being a rainy day, we didn't go out.
A. She told me that she would not be able to attend the meeting.
A. As it was a rainy day, we did't go out.
92. Can you describes about it to me?
108. Why your parents don't like you to marry her?
A. Can you describe it to me?
A. Why don't your parents like you to marry her?
93. I told that my father was ill.
A. I told him that my father was ill. 109. I wanted that he should meet you.
94. I shall meet with you in the park; await for me there. A. I sugested that he should meet you.
A. I shall meet you in the park; wait for me there. A. I wanted him to meet you.
95. The climate of Madras is better than this place. 110. These are my cousin sisters.
A. The climate of Madras is better than that of this place. A. These are my cousins.
96. I visited Bombay in last April. 111. We are starting to Bangalore.
A. I visited Bombay last April. A. We are starting for Bangalore.
97. Poets compare sleep with death. 112. I must buy a soap.
A. Poets compare sleep to death. A. I must buy soap.
98. You should avail every opportunity to practise speaking English. 113. When did you reach there?
A. You should avail yourselves of every opportunity to practise speaking A. When did you arrive there?
English.
114. She is going to Madras, isn't it?
99. When he saw me, I wished him.
A. She is going to Madras, isn't she?
A. When he saw me, I greeted him.
115. I have not written with ink.
100. He is your brother, isn't it?
A. I have not written in ink.
A. He is your brother, isn't he?
101. The climate of India is better than Africa. 116. I prayed God for help.
A. The climate of India is better than that of Africa. A. I prayed to God for help.
102. Would you please give me two papers? 117. Let us walk till the park.
A. Would you please give me two sheets of paper? A. Let us walk to the park.
103. He gave me valuable advices. 118. My sister is reading in the fifth class.
A. He gave me valuable advice. A. My sister is in the fifth class.
A. He gave me valuable pieces of advice. 119. The garden is too beautiful.
104. I have an urgent business. A. The garden is very beautiful.
A. I have urgent business. 120. He gave his examination last March.
A. I have an urgent engagement. A. He took his examination last March.
121. Not only he scolded me, but he also beat me.

A. He not only scolded me, but also beat me. EXAMPLES - II
122. The book comprises of five parts. Correct the following sentences :
A. The book comprises five parts. 1. The rice is the staple food of people in the South.
A. The book consists of five parts. A. Rice is the staple food of people in the South.
123. I am looking forward to hear from you. 2. Rice that I bought yesterday is bad.
A. I am looking forward to hearing from you. A. The rice that I bought yesterday is bad.
124. He was wearing a new dress. 3. The cars are made in India.
A. He was wearing a new suit. A. Cars are made in India.
125. I am thirty years. 4. Mangoes you gave me were very good.
A. I am thirty years old. A. The mangoes you gave me were very good.
A. I am thirty, 5. Mr. Menon has invited me to the dinner today.
A. I am thirty years of age. A. Mr. Menon has invited me to dinner today.
126. This is my cousin brother. 6. I enjoyed dinner Mr. Menon gave me.
A. This is my cousin. A. I enjoyed the dinner Mr. Menon gave me.
127. I am told there is no place for me in the compartment. 7. I play the cricket at college.
A. I am told there is no room for me in the compartment. A. I play circket at college.
128. There are ten females in the hall. 8. The Queen Elizabeth II recently visited Japan.
A. There are ten women in the hall.
A. Queen Elizabeth II recently visited Japan.
129. He sold five dozens apples.
9. My brother is going U.S.A. for higher studies.
A. He sold five dozen apples.
A. My brother is going to the U.S.A. for higher studies.
130. He is good in English.
10. He will stop for a week in U.K. on his way.
A. He is good at Englsih.
A. He will stop for a week in the U.K. on his way.
131. He is running twenty.
11. Sikkim is now a state in Union of India.
A. He is twenty.
A. Sikkim is new a state in the Union of India.
A. He is in his twentieth year.
12. I live in the Mint Street in Madras.
132. My foot is paining.
A. I live in Mint Street in Madras.
A. My foot is hurting.
13. The first satellite was launched by Russians.
133. Please meet the concerned clerk.
A. The first satellite was launched by the Russians.
A. Please meet the clerk concerned.
14. There is a school for deaf in the city.
134. I have known him since two years.
A. There is a school for the deaf in the city
A. I have known him for two years.
15. Moon is a crescent today.
135. Shakespeare compares the world with a stage.
A. The Moon is a crescent today.
A. Shakespeare compares to world to a stage.
16. Thomas reads Bible every day.
136. He is having many friends here.
A. Thomas reads the Bible every day.
A. He has many friends here.
17. Raju is cleverer of the two brothers. 35. If I get a promotion, I will get higher salary.
A. Raju is the cleverer of the two brothers. A. If I get a promotion, I will get a higher salary.
18. My brother is in Air Force. 36. We have never had a such hot summer.
A. My brother is in the Air Force. A. We have never had such a hot summer.
19. Both his sons go to the school. 37. One of my teahcers are leaving for the U.S.A. today.
A. Both his sons go to school. A. One of my teachers is leaving for the U.S.A. today.
20. I went to hospital to visit my sick uncle. 38. A thousand rupees are all the money I need.
A. I went to the hospital to visit my sick uncle. A. A thousand rupees is all money I need.
21. They performed a Yagna for the welfare of the humanity. 39. 'Steps to English Literature' are published by a reputed company.
A. They performed a Yagna for the welfare of humanity. A. 'Steps English Literature' is published by a reputed company.
22. This year the Deepavali falls on a Sunday. 40. The family living next door often quarrels among themselves.
A. This year Deepavali falls on a Sunday. A. The family living next door often quarrel among themselves.
23. I watched the film from the beginning to the end. 41. The cow and calf are the emblem of the Congress party.
A. I watched the film from beginning to end. A. The cow and calf is the emblem of the Congress party.
24. He reached the home at ten in the night. 42. The majority of the boys is against you proposal.
A. He reached home at ten in the night. A. The majority of the boys are against your proposal.
25. He can play sitar very well. 43. Either those children or my son have damaged this window.
A. He can play the sitar very well. A. Either those children or my son has damaged this window.
26. Ganga flows through Varanasi. 44. Either you or I are to attend the meeting.
A. The Ganga flows through Varanasi. A. Either you or I am to attend the meeting.
27. I am going to Delhi by the train. 45. The President as well as the members are responsible for the loss.
A. I am going to Delhi by train. A. The President as well as the members is responsible for the loss.
28. He worked all the day and is tired. 46. Five times five are twenty five.
A. He worked all day and is tired. A. Five times five is twenty five.
29. The man is the only creature that can laugh. 47. No body, not even the committee members, is here.
A. Man is the only creature that can laugh. A. No body, not even the committee members, are here.
30. Ravi is tallest boy in the class. 48. Mumps are a bad disease.
A. Ravi is the tallest boy in the class. A. Mumps is a bad disease.
31. Child cries when he is hungry. 49. The news of the air crash are shocking.
A. A child cries when he is hungry. A. The news of the air crash is shocking.
32. I paid hundred rupees for this racket. 50. There is plenty of jobs these days for qualified young men.
A. I paid a hundred rupees for this racket. A. There are plenty of jobs these days for qualified young men.
33. What beautiful building the library has! 51. The footwear on that rack are pure leather.
A. What a beautiful building the library has! A. The foot wear on that rack is pure leather.
34. I have never seen such idiot. 52. All my luggage have been weighed.
A. I have never seen such an idiot. A. All my luggage has been weighed.
53. Some of the milk were split. 71. If I tell the truth, no one would believe me.
A. Some of the milk was split. A. If I told the truth, no one would believe me.
54. The earth is moving round the sun. 72. If he worked hard, he would have passed.
A. The earth moves round the sun. A. If he had worked hard, he would have passed.
55. I am going to school by bus everyday. 73. The teacher made the boy to do the sum again.
A. I go to school by bus everyday. A. The teacher made the boy do the sum again.
56. My uncle writes a novel. 74. The boy was made do the sum again.
A. My uncle is writing a novel. A. The boy was made to do the sum again.
57. I am seeing a bus coming. 75. We felt the whole building to virbrate.
A. I see a bus coming. A. We felt the whole building vibrate.
58. I have slept for eight hours last night. 76. I know to operate that engine.
A. I slept for eight hours last night. A. I know how to operate that engine.
59. He has had scooter repaired yesterday.
77. He enjoys to tell stories to children.
A. He had his scooter repaired yesterday.
A. He enjoys telling stories to children.
60. He is styding English for three years.
78. I found the book that I lost it yesterday.
A. He has studied English for three years.
A. I found the book that I lost yesterday.
61. I did not see him since last Monday.
79. They gazed at the statue to which the guide was pointing to.
A. I have not seen him since last Monday.
A. They gazed at the statue which the guide was pointing to.
62. I have not played cricket since I have left college.
80. We shall meet tomorrow to discuss about the subject.
A. I have not played cricket since I left college.
A. We shall meet tomorrow to discuss the subject.
63. I will talk to him when I will see him.
81. Although he was ill, but he attended his office.
A. I will talk to him when I see him.
A. Although he was ill, he attended his office.
64. If I will have the time, I shall visit the zoo.
A. If I have the time, I shall visit the zoo. A. He was ill, but he attended his office.
65. He didn't yet complete his assignment. 82. Because he damaged the chair, so he was fined.
A. He hasn't yet completed his assignment. A. Because he damaged the chair, he was fined.
66. I shall look forward to seeing you. 83. My brother lost his wife since five years ago.
A. I look forward to seeing you. A. My brother lost his wife five years ago.
67. It is high time that we leave the place. 84. He not only cheated me but also my friend.
A. It is high time that we left the place. A. He cheated not only me but also my friend.
68. I'd rather you will stay home. 85. He neither cares for his wife nor his children.
A. I'd rather you stayed home. A. He cares neither for his wife nor his children.
69. The English alphabet is consisting of 26 letters. 86. He is neither honest or efficient.
A. The English alphabet consists of 26 letters. A. He is neither honest nor efficient.
70. Mr. Sen is owing two houses. 87. The thief both carried away my wife's clothes and my own.
A. Mr. Sen Owns two houses. A. The thief carried away both my own and my wife's clothes.
88. What you are saying? 106. This is the best film which I have ever seen.
A. What are you saying ? A. This is the best film that I have ever seen.
89. Where he is going ? 107. If the child cannot bite the apple, it should be cut into pieces.
A. Where is he going ? A. If the child cannot bite it, the apple should be cut into pieces.
90. Why you can't come? 108. This is the gentlemen whose all sons are in the army.
A. Why can't you come? A. This is the gentlemen all of whose sons are in the army.
91. Tell me where is the post office? 109. One must keep his word.
A. Tell me where the post office is.
A. One must keep one's word.
92. Ask him why does he want a hundred rupees.
110. Where is the man whom you said insists on seeing me?
A. Ask him why he wants a hundred rupees.
A. Where is the man who you said insists on seeing me?
93. No sooner he had received the telegram than he started crying.
111. Your's is the best painting in the exhibition.
A. No sooner had he received the telegram than he started crying.
A. Yours is the best painting in the exhibition.
94. She bought a blue long ribbon.
A. She bought a long blue ribbon. 112. He insisted on me to accompany him.
95. He carried his clothes in a black heavy steel trunk. A. He insisted on my accompanying him
A. He carried his clothes in a heavy black steel trunk. 113. I told him on his face that he was a liar.
96. Seldom I have spoken to him. A. I told him to his face that he was a liar.
A. Seldom have I spoken to him. 114. The principal has entrusted this work upon me.
97. Rarely he has discussed the subject with me. A. The Principal has entrusted this work to me.
A. Rarely has he discussed the subject with me. 115. I hope to spend the summer at Kashmir.
98. We all were happy to hear the news. A. I hope to spend the summer in Kashmir.
A. We were all happy to hear the news. 116. They sat under the shade of a tree.
99. I and Mr. Karthik work in the same office. A. They sat in the shade of a tree.
A. Mr. Karthik and I work in the same office. 117. This cloth is superior than the cloth we saw in the last shop.
100. The Principal wants to see you and I. A. This cloth is superior to the cloth we saw in the last shop.
A. The Principal wants to see you and me. 118. I prefer going for a walk than seeing a film.
101. All the students except I are going for the picnic. A. I prefer going for a walk to seeing a film.
A. All the students except are going for the picnic.
119. The child died from jaundice.
102. Myself am going to the post office to post this letter.
A. The child died of jaundice.
A. I am going to the post office to post this letter.
120. The Executive Committee consists in eleven members.
103. The Principal desires to see yourself and Sekhar.
A. The Executive Committee consists of eleven members.
A. The Principal desires to see you and Sekhar.
121. Happiness consists of contentment with one's lot.
104. I cursed me for going late to the station.
A. I cursed myself for going late to the station. A. Happiness consists in contentment with one's lot.
105. It was Rahul who broke the chair. 122. The boy is standing besides his mother.
A. It was Rahul that broke the chair. A. The boy is standing beside his mother.
123. Beside a son by his second wife, he has a daughter by his first wife. 140. Sanskrit is called as the language of Gods.
A. Besides a son by his second wife, he has a daughter by his first wife. A. Sanskrit is called the language of Gods.
124. One of his family members is a brigadier. 141. I want that you should follow me to the exhibition.
A. One of the members of his family is a brigadier. A. I want you to follow me to the exhibition.
125. Mr. Prabhu is the eldest citizen of the village. 142. I went home with the intention for going to bed.
A. Mr. Prabhu is the oldest citizen of the village. A. I went home with the intention of going to bed.
126. You are coming with me, isn't it? 143. Please reply my letter.
A. You are coming with me, aren't you? A. Please reply to my letter.
127. I picked up a ten-rupees note from the road yesterday. 144. Thought of holidays make my happy.
A. I picked up a ten-rupee note from the road Yesterday. A. The thought of holidays makes me happy.
128. I bought four dozens mangoes. 145. He could either have succeeded as a scientist for a man of business.
A. I bought four dozen mangoes. A. He could have succeeded as a scientist or a man of business.
129. My health is alright these days. 146. This little church is beatutiful, if not more beautiful than, any other
A. My health is allright these days. in the country.
130. I have never spoken to him nor his brother. A. This little church is as beautiful as if not more beautiful than, any
A. I have never spoken to him or his brother. other church in the country.
131. She did not see me nor my friend. 147. He gave to the man a rupee.
A. She did not see me or my friend. A. He gave the man a rupee.
132. He is my cousin brother. 148. Neither of them are good.
A. He is my cousin. A. Neither of them is good.
133. Having read the book, it was returned. 149. We saw a man who is walking alone.
A. Having read the book I returned it. A. We saw a man who was walking alone.
134. Walking through the jungle, a snake bit him. 150. Passing through the Dead sea, the heat was oppressive.
A. As he was walking through the jungle, a snake bit him. A. While we were passing through the Dead sea, the heat was oppressive.
135. He is too healthy. 151. The Priest called the old man as a sinner.
A. He is very healthy. A. The Priest called the old man a sinner.
136. I have disposed off my house. 152. The thief which stole the pen was caught.
A. I have disposed of my house. A. The thief who stole the pen was caught.
137. The house is under repairs. 153. It was a scoring paper.
A. The house is under repair. A. It was a score paper.
138. My circumstance does not allow me to leave my village. 154. I prefer sleeping under a roof than sleeping outdoors.
A. My circumstances do not allow me to leave my village. A. I prefer sleeping under a roof to sleeping outdoors.
139. Though he worked very harldy, he failed. 155. The minister with his wife were at the meeting.
A. Though he worked hard, he failed. A. The minister with his wife was at the meeting.
WOw¡+¨µÖ’ 'Degrees of comparision'QÆ∞iOz g∞‰õΩ `≥Å∞ã¨∞. qâı+¨}O 11. It is more profitable to sell in Bombay than to sell here. (Use the
other Degrees)
(Adjective) Positive, Comparitive, Superlative J<Õ =¸_»∞ Degree Å∞QÍ
A. It is not as profitable to sell here as to sell in Bombay. (P.D.)
=∂~°∞`«∞O^Œx ‰õÄ_® g∞~°∞ `≥Å∞ã¨∞H˘x =ÙO\Ï~°∞. (or) A. To sell here is not so profitable as to sell in Bombay. (P.D.)
L^• : Tall Taller Tallest 12. It is better to instil hope in the heart than to offer alms. (Use the
other Degree)
(P.D) (C.D) (S.D)
A. To offer alms is not so good as to instil hope (P.D.)
WÑ¨C_»∞ XHõ "åHÍºxfl ~ÚÖÏ =¸_»∞ DegreeÖ’¡ „"åÜ«∞_»O ZÖÏQÀ <Õ~°∞ÛHÀO_ç. (or)A. It is not as good to offer alms as to instil hope. (P.D.)
13. You know him better than I. (Use the positive)
EXAMPLES
A. I do not know him so well as you. (P.D.)
1. Sankuntala is the best drama in Sanskrit. (Use the other Degrees)
14. Abdul bowls faster than Kareem. (Use the positive)
A. Sakuntala is better than any other drama in Sanskrit (C.D.)
A. Kareem does not bowl so fast as Adbul. (P.D.)
A. No other drama in Sanskrit is so good as Sakuntala. (P.D.)
15. Nights are cooler here than at Bellary. (Use the Positive Degree)
2. Very few boys are as industrious as Suresh.(Use the other Degrees)
A. Nights at Bellary are not so cool as here. (P.D.)
A. Suresh is one of the most industrious boys. (S.D)
16. This is the finest dam I have seen. (Use the other degrees)
A. Suresh is more industrious than most other boys. (C.D.)
A. This is finer than any other dam I have seen. (C.D.)
3. Bombay is bigger than Hyderabad. (Use the Positive)
A. No other dam I have seen is so fine as this.` (P.D)
A. Hyderabad is not so big as Bombay (P.D) 17. Govind is the tallest man I have ever seen. (Use the other degrees)
4. The pen is mightier than the sword. (Use the Positive) A. Govind is taller than any other man I have ever seen. (C.D.)
A. The sword is not so mighty as the pen (P.D) A. No other man I have ever seen is so tall as Govind. (P.D.)
5. Teachers are better than preachers. (Use the Positive) 18. Bombay is one of the biggest cities of India.(use the other degrees)
A. Preachers are not so good as the teachers. (P.D) A. Bombay is bigger than most other cities of India. (C.D.)
6. My pen is not so good as yours. (Use the Comparative) A. Very few cities of India are as big as Bombay (P.D.)
A. Your pen is better than mine. (C.D.) 19. Many people think that the mango is the best fruit. (Use the other
7. Akbar was greater than most other kings. (Use the other Degrees) degree)
A. Akbar was one of the greatest kings. (C.D) A. Many people think that the mango is better than any other fruit.
A. Very few kings were as great as Akbar. (P.D.) (C.D.)
8. 'The Hindu' is one of the best newspapers. ((Use the other Degrees A. Many people think that no other fruit is so good as the mango(P.D)
without changing the meaning) 20. Abdulla is at least as fasty swimmer as Kesav.(Use th comparative)
A. 'The Hindu' is better than most other newspapers. (C.D) A. Kesav is not faster a swimmer than Abdulla. (C.D.)
A. Very few newspapers are so good as 'The Hindu'. (P.D) 21. This is the most welcome news I have had this year.(Use the other
9. He was brave as Hercules. (Use the Comparative) degrees)
A. Hercules is braver than he. (C.D.) A. This is more welcome than any other news I have had this year
10. Mr. John works harder than any other clerk in the office. (use the (C.D.)
other degrees) A. No other news I have had this year is so welcome as this. (C.D.)
A. Mr. John works the hardest of all clerks in the office. (S.D.) 22. Ooty is colder than Coonoor. (Use the positive)
A. No other clerk in the office works as hard as Mr. John (P.D.) A. Coonoor is not so cold as Ooty. (P.D.)
23. Very few boys in the class are as brillant as Raghu. (Use the other 34. Krishna Murty is the most famous thinker today. (Use the other
degrees) degrees)
A. Raghu is one of the most brilliant boys in the class. (S.D) A. Krishna Murty is more famous than any other thinker today.(C.D.)
A. Raghu is more brilliant than most other boys in the Class (C.D.) A. No other thinker today is as famous as Krishna Murthy. (P.D.)
24. Leela is not a better dancer than Syamala. (Use the positive) 35. Australia is the biggest island in the world. (Into other degrees)
A. Syamala is as good dancer as Leela (P.D.) A. Australia is bigger than any other island in the world. (C.D.)
25. These compositions are better than the ones you wrote earlier.(Use A. No other island in the world is so big as Australia. (P.D.)
the positive) 36. Bombay is not the largest city in the world. (Into other degrees)
A. The compositions you wrote earlier are not so good as these.(P.D.) A. Bombay is not larger than some other cities in the world. (C.D.)
26. A foolish friend can be more dangerous than a wise enemy. (Use A. Some cities are at least as large as Bombay (P.D.)
the positive) 37. None are dearer to me than my mother. (Into other degrees)
A. A wise enemy cannot be as dangerous as a foolish friend. (C.D.) A. My mother is the dearest to me. (S.D.)
27. Gopal is the most handsome boy in the class.(use the other degrees) A. None is so dear to me as my mother. (P.D.)
A. Gopal is more handsome than any other boy in the class. (C.D.) 38. Gold is not heavier than platinum. (Into positive)
A. No other boy in the class is so handsome as Gopal. (P.D) A. Platinum is as heavy as gold. (P.D.)
39. Goldsmith is more an essayist than a novelist (Into positive)
28. Jawahar was one of the greatest Indian leaders of the 20th century.
(Use the other degrees) A. Goldsmith is not as much novelist as an essayist. (P.D.)
A. Jawahar was greater than most other Indian leaders of the 20th 40. There is nothing more miserable than poverty. (Into other degrees)
century. (C.D.) A. Poverty is the most miserable thing. (S.D.)
A. Very few Indian leaders of the 20th century were so great as Jawahar. A. Poverty is as miserable as anything. (P.D.)
(P.D.) 41. Some poets are at least as great as Shakespeare.(Into other degrees)
29. Kishen is not so tall as Ravi. (Use the comparative) A. Shakespeare is not the greatest of all poets. (S.D.)
A. Shakespeare is not greater than some other poets. (C.D.)
A. Ravi is taller than Kishen. (C.D.)
42. Very few countries are as hot as India. (Into other degrees)
30. Leela is not less than Mohini. (Use the positive)
A. India is one of the hottest countries. (S.D.)
A. Mohini is as little as Leela. (P.D.)
A. India is hotter than most other countries. (C.D.)
31. Ram is cleverer than Seenu. (Use the positive)
43. The mango is sweeter than the orange. (Into the positive)
A. Seenu is not so clever as Ram. (P.D.)
A. The orange is not as sweet as the mango. (P.D.)
32. Bhanu is older than all other teachers in the class. (Use the other 44. Prevention is better than cure. (Into the positive)
degrees)
A. Cure is not so good as prevention. (P.D.)
A. Bhanu is the oldest of all teachers in the class (S.D.)
45. Nothing travels as fast as light. (Into other degres)
A. All other teachers in the class are not so old as Bhanu (P.D.) A. Light travels the fastest of all things. (S.D.)
33. Besant was one of the greatest orators in the world. (Use the other A. Light travels faster than anything. (C.D.)
degrees)
46. Asoka is the greatest Indian Emperor. (Into other degree)
A. Besant was greater than most other orators in the world. (C.D.) A. Asoka is greater than anyother Indian Emperor. (C.D.)
A. Very few orators in the world were as great as Besant. (P.D.) A. No other Indian Emperor is so great as Asoka. (P.D.)
47. Tagore is greater than most other Indian writers. (Into other 59. Some countries are at least as beautiful as Switzerland. (Into other
degrees) degrees)
A. Tagore is one of the greatest Indian writers. (C.D.) A. Switzerland is not the most beautiful of all countries. (S.D.)
A. Switzerland is not more beautiful than some other countries.(C.D.)
A. Very few Indian writers are as great as Tagore. (P.D.)
60. A fox is not more cunning than he is. (Into positive)
48. James is older than any other boy in the class. (Into other degrees) A. He is as cunning as a fox. (P.D.)
A. James is the oldest of all boys in the class (S.D.) 61. Dryden is not more famous than some other poets. (Into other
A. No other boy in the class is so old as James. (P.D.) degrees)
49. The moon is brighter than the stars. (Into positive) A. Dryden is not the most famous of all poets. (S.D.)
A. Some poets are at least as famousas Dryden. (P.D.)
A. The stars are not so bright as the moon. (P.D.)
62. It is not as easy to learn English as to learn Hindi. (Into
50. I cannot write as neatly as you. (Into comparative) comparative)
A. You can write more neatly than I. (C.D.) A. It is easier to learn Hindi than to learn English. (C.D.)
51. Hamlet is the most popular of Shakespeare's plays. (Into other 63. He would sooner die than tell a lie. (Into positive)
degrees) A. He would not as soon tell a lie as die. (P.D.)
A. Hamlet is more popular than any other plays of Shakespeare. 64. Some people have more money than brains. (Into positive)
(C.D.) A. Some people do not have as much brains as (they have) money.
(P.D.)
A. No other plays of Shakespeare are so popular as Hamlet
65. A wise enemy is better than a foolish friend. (Into positive)
52. You know him better than I. (Into positive) A. A foolish friend is not as good as a wise enemy. (C.D.)
A. I do not know him as well as you. (P.D.) 66. It is easier to preach than to practise. (Into positive degree)
53. I am not as old as Karim. (Into comparative) A. It is not as easy to practise as to preach. (P.D.)
A. Karim is older than I. (C.D.) 67. England has the largest fleet in the world. (Into other degrees)
54. There is no vice as bad as drink. (Into other degrees) A. England has larger fleet than any other in the world. (C.D.)
A. No other in the world has as large fleet as England. (P.D.)
A. Drink is the worst of all vices. (S.D.)
68. Open rebuke is better than secret love. (Into positive degree)
A. Drink is worse than any other vice. (C.D.) A. Secret love is not so good as open rebuke. (P.D.)
55. Lead is the heaviest of all metals. (Into other degrees) 69. Iron is more useful than all the other metals. (Into other degrees)
A. Lead is heavier than any other metals. (C.D.) A. Iron is the most useful of all metals. (S.D.)
A. No other metals are so heavy as lead. (P.D.) A. No other metal is so useful as iron. (P.D.)
56. Everest is the highest peak in the world. (Into other degrees) 70. No other excercise is as healthy as swimming. (Into other degrees)
A. Swimming is the healthiest of all exercises. (S.D.)
A. Everest is higher than any other peak in the world. (C.D.)
A. Swimming is healthier than any other exercises. (C.D.)
A. No other peak in the world is so high as Everest. (P.D.)
71. 'The Times' is the most powerful newspaper in England.
57. An honest man is the noblest work of God. (Into other degrees) (Into other degrees.)
A. An honest man is nobler than any other work of God. (C.D.) A. The Times is more powerful than any other newspapers in England.
A. No other work of God is so noble as an honest man. (P.D.) (C.D.)
58. Padma is at least as tall as Prema. (Into comparative) A. No other newspaper in England is so powerful as 'The Times'.
A. Prema is not taller than Padma. (C.D.) (P.D.)
72. The tiger is the most ferocious or all animals. (Into other degrees) 83. Kerala is more thickly populated than any other state in India.(Into
A. The tiger is more ferocious than any other animals. (C.D.) other degrees)
A. No other animals are so ferocious as the tiger. (P.D.) A. Kerala is the most thickly populated state in India. (S.D.)
73. The Marwaris are not less enterprising than any other community in A. No other state in India is so thickly populated as Kerala. (P.D.)
India. (Into other degrees) 84. The Indus Valley Civilization is one of the oldest in the world.
A. The Marwaris are the most enterprising community in India. (Into other degrees)
(S.D.) A. The Indus valley Civilization is older than most other civilizations
A. No other community in India is as enterprising as the Marwaris. in the world. (C.D.
(P.D.) A. Very few civilizations in the world are so old as the Indus Valley
74. No other man was as strong as Bhim. (Into other degrees) Civilization. (P.D.)
A. Bhim was the strongest man. (S.D.) 85. I have never seen such a beautiful picture as this. (Into other
A. Bhim was stronger than any other man. (C.D.) degrees)
75. Ooty is as heartly as any hill-sanatorium in India. (Into the A. This is the most beautiful picture I have ever seen. (S.D.)
comparative degree) A. This is more beautiful than any other picture I have ever seen.
A. Any hill-sanatorium in India is not healthier than Ooty. (C.D.)
86. This is the most interesting novel I have read. (Into other degrees)
76. Sir Surendranath was at least as great an orator as any other Indian.
(Into the comparative) A. This is more interesting than any other novel I have read. (C.D.)
A. Any other Indian Orator was not greater than Sir Surendranath. A. No other novel I have read is as interesting as this. (P.D.)
(P.D.) 87. He is not so generous as his brother. (Into the comparative)
77. Some Pathans are at least as faithful as the Sikhs (Into the A. His brother is more generous than he. (C.D.)
comparative) 88. No other place in India is considered so sacred as Banaras. (Into
A. The Sikhs are not more faithful than some Pathans. (P.D.) other degrees)
78. I know him quite as well as you do. (Into the comparative) A. Banaras is considered the most sacred place in India, (S.D.)
A. You do not quite know him better than I do. (C.D.) A. Banaras is considered more scared than any other place in India.
79. Samudra Gupta was one of the greatest of Indian Kings.(Into other (C.D.)
degrees) 89. The Ganges is the longest river in India. (Into other degrees)
A. Samudra Gupta was greater than most other Indian kings. (C.D.)
A. The Ganges is longer than any other river in India. (C.D.)
A. Very few Indian kings were as great as Samudra Gupta. (P.D.)
N o other river in India is so long as the Ganges. (P.D.)
80. He is the best man for the job. (Into other degrees)
90. He has the sweetest disposition. (Into other degrees)
A. He is better than any other man for the job. (C.D.)
A. He has a sweeter disposition than any other (person). (C.D.)
81. America is scientifically more advanced than Russia. (Into the
positive) A. No other (person) has as sweet disposition as he. (P.D.)
A. Russia is not scientifically as advanced as America. (P.D.) 91. Truth is more fundamental than an atom. (Into the positive)
82. No other people in the world are so courteous as the Japanese. A. An atom is not as fundamental as Truth. (C.D.)
(Into other degree) 92. The price of rice is more than that of wheat. (Into the positive)
A. The Japanese are the most courteous people in the world. (S.D.) A. The price of wheat is not so much as that of rice. (P.D.)
A. The Japanese are more courteous than any other people in the world. 93. He is one of the ablest bowlers. (Into other degrees)
(C.D.) A. He is abler than most othe bowlers. (C.D.)
94. This is more difficult problem. (Into other degrees) 10. The reindeer is a native of Norway.
A. This is more difficult than any other problem. (C.D.) 11. Honest men speak the truth.
A. No other problem is so difficult as this. (P.D.) 12. Rustum is a young Parsee.
95. The rose is the loveliest of all flowers. (Into other degrees) 13. Do you see the blue sky?
A. The rose is lovelier than any other flowers. (C.D.) 14. Benares is a holy city.
A. No other flowers are so lovely as the rose. (P.D.) 15. Aladdin had a wonderful lamp.
96. It is better to starve than beg. (Into the positive) 16. The world is a happy place.
A. It is not as good to beg as to starve. (P.D.) 17. He returned after an hour.
97. The Mahabharata is the longest epic that has ever been written. 18. The school will shortly close for the Puja holidays.
(Into other degrees) 19. The sun shines brightly.
A. The Mahabharata is a longer epic than any other that has ever been 20. I first met him a year ago.
written. (C.D.)
21. Yesterday a European called at my office.
A. No other epic that has ever been written is so long as the Mahabharata.
22. The guide knows the way.
(P.D.)
23. Ceylon is an island.
24. Let us discuss the matter seriously.
SCEN TEN
SCENTEN CES W
TENCES ITH AR
WITH TI
ARTICLES
TICLES
25. John got the best present.
A, An J<Õq Indefinite articles Jh, the J<Õk Definite Article Jh 26. Sanskrit is a difficult language.
27. The Ganga is a sacred river.
g∞‰õΩ `≥Å∞ã¨∞. JÖÏˆQ Noun UHõ=K«#OÖ’ =ÙO>Ë A PiìHõÖò#∂, UHõ=K«#O`À ÉÏ@∞
28. The lion is the king of beasts.
vowel sound (AE I O U) `À "≥Ú^ŒÅÜÕ∞º Noun ‰õΩ =ÚO^Œ∂ 'AN' J<Õ PiìHõÖò#∂
29. You are a fool to say that.
LÑ¨Ü≥∂y™êÎ~°∞. 30. French is an easy language.
Ñ¶¨ÖÏ<åk Jx „Ñ¨`ÕºHõOQÍ K≥¿ÑÊãÖ^Œ~°ƒùOÖ’ 'The' J<Õ Definite Article x 31. We want the help of a few volunteers.
LÑ¨Ü∂≥ y™êÎ~∞° . D A, An, The LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yã¨∂Î "åHõº x~å‡}O ZÖÏ =ÙO_®Ö’ K«∂_»O_ç. 32. This is a (an) historic occasion.
33. After a year or two the question can be reconsidered.
EXERCISES 34. He is a real Hitler.
Fill in the blanks with 'a', 'an' or 'the (suitable articles) : - 35. Mussolini was the Hitler of Italy.
1. The Himalayas are to the north of India. 36. The higher you climb, the colder it gets.
2. The Ramayana is a sacred book of the East. 37. There was an ugly scar on the face of the prisoner.
3. What is written in the Gita is closely followed by the true Hindus. 38. We should have compassion for the poor.
4. The Chiese have entered a valley in the Himalayas. 39. The Amazon is the longest river in the world.
5. The Krishna and the Godavari are great rivers. 40. In the park I saw a one-eyed begger.
6. There is a light at the corner of the street. 41. He reads the Bible every day.
7. Copper is a useful metal. 42. Frank is an American but Robinson is a European
8. He is not an honourable man. 43. Bombay is the Manchester of India.
9. An able man has not always a distinguished look.
44. He has been appointed for a year in the first instance.
45. I cannot remember the story which he told. 77. He is an annoying boy, but I will nip his nonsense in the bud.
46. The French defeated the Germans. 78. Here is a box of chocolates, I promised you. You may take a lot, but
47. Which is the longest river in India? don't take the lot as your sister will want some.
48. Rama has come without an umbrella. 79. Has the postman brought anything for me? I am expecting a letter
from my uncle.
49. Bombay is a very dear place to live in.
80. There is a public meeting in the City Hall this evening. The speaker
50. She is an untidy girl.
has come from Delhi.
51. The children found an egg in the nest.
81. Can you tell me how to get to the Railway station?
52. I bought a horse, an ox and a buffalo.
'Yes, take the first turning on the left, walk past the post-office and
53. If you see him, give him the message. take the second turning on the right. The station is just about 200
54. English is the language of the people of England. metres down that road.
55. Man, thou art a wonderful animal. 82. There is a red book and a green book on the table in the library. Will
56. The Bosphorus and the Hellespont are the two gates of you bring me the green one please?
Constantinople. 83. A fire broke out in the next street yesterday evening. The fire-brigade
57. He looks as stupid as an owl. was fighting it till the early hours of this morning.
58. He is an honour to his profession. 84. This is an unusual experience.
59. The Alps separate France and Italy. 85. The Andamans are a group of islands.
60. The Godavari is in flood every year. 86. The hunter saw a bird in the tree.
61. London is on the Thames. 87. Only a Newton can answer this question.
62. When you go to America you have to cross the Atlantic. 88. Kode Ramamurthy is the Bhima of modern times.
63. Can you show the Phillipines in this map? 89. The darkest cloud has a silver lining.
64. Who is the Governor of Uttar Pradesh? 90. There is a school for the deaf in this city.
65. The United States and the U.S.S.R. are the greatest powers in the 91. The rose is the sweetest of all the flowers.
world. 92. The cow is a useful animal.
66. He inspected the school on a hot day. 93. It is pleasant to read a book of stories in the afternoon.
67. A Daniel has come to Judgement. 94. The child ran across the street.
68. The great poet, Tagore is an Indian. 95. Jack and Jill went up the hill to fetch a pail of water.
69. The more we spend, the poorer we become. 96. The Principal wanted the services of a few scouts.
70. What a happy union is this! 97. The bigger your job, the greater your responsibilities.
71. I saw an honest man going in the rain with an umbrella and a useful 98. Do you use an umbrella on a rainy day?
book. 99. There are four seasons in a year and Spring is the most beautiful of
them.
72. The man here is a friend of the poor.
100. An honest man is an asset to society.
73. The school where I am a student is an old one.
101. He saw an elephant in the Kamala Circus standing on a small stool
74. He is an M.A. but his brother is a B.A.
to the delight of everyone.
75. The camel is the ship of the desert.
102. When he went to a hotel in the Netherlands, he ordered coffee and
76. The man who knocked at the door was a beggar. relaxed in the lounge.
103. I am the father of an unfortunate daughter. A. We travelled by plane at night, flying very high. The view from the
104. It was his privilege to move a vote of thanks at the meeting as the sky was splendid. It was a thrilling experience.
Chairman of the Municipal Council. 6. What happens to all money he earns is a mystery to us.
105. He saw the Missisipi in floods. A. What happens to all the money he earns is a mystery to us.
106. There once lived a king who had a jester in his court. One day the 7. I went to borrow book from library, but libratrian was on leave.
jester offended the king. A. I went to borrow a book from the library, but the librarian was on
107. When Suresh was a school boy he wanted to become a teacher. He leave.
was very interested in history and wanted to study the history of his 8. A number of accidents in city were reported in papers last week.
own country and then reach it. Man was run over by lorry. Woman lost her life in fire. Student fell
108. Jawaharlal Nehru was born in a very wealthy family. He could have from moving bus.
lived in luxury all his life, but he did not. He went to prison several A. A number of accidents in the city were reported in the papers last
times for the sake of his country. week. A man was run over by a lorry. A woman lost her life in fire.
109. New York is a large city; Italy is a European country. A student fell from a moving bus.
110. We stayed at a hotel in the town. Correct the following sentences by using suitable articles:
111. We shall come if we get an opportunity. 1. I saw a elephant in the zoo.
112. He hoped that his son would go to a University. A. I saw an elephant in the zoo.
113. Everyone respects an honest person. 2. Wordsworth wrote poems on the beauty of the nature.
114. English is the language of the people of England. A. Wordsworth wrote poems on the beauty of nature.
115. He is a historian, he has written the history of India. 3. In few years he became a richest merchant.
116. It is harmful to have a bath after meal. A. In a few years he became the richest merchant.
117. Breakfast is served at six in the morning. 4. More I hear pop music, less I like it.
118. He has not the courage to face you. A. The more I hear pop music, less I like it.
119. He was the first to reach the station. 5. Umbrella is of no use in thunderstorm.
120. She went to the temple yesterday. A. An umbrella is of no use in thunderstorm.
6. Livingstone was great explorer.
EXERCISES
A. Livingstone was a great explorer.
Put in a, an, or the wherever necessary and rewrite each sentence :
7. What beautiful picture it is!
1. He is a poor man. He has wife and children to support.
A. What a beautiful picture it is!
A. He is a poor man. He has a wife and children to support.
8. What kind of a bird is that?
2. His eldest child is boy of ten; youngest is girl of two.
A. What kind of bird is that?
A. His eldest child is a boy of ten; the youngest is a girl of two.
9. He is a best friend of mine.
3. Everyone likes kind of salesman who is polite to customers.
A. Everyone likes the kind of salesman who is polite to the customers. A. He is the best friend of mine.
4. Andamans are group of islands in Bay of Bengal. 10. Of the two sisters Shyam and Ram, former is good man, but latter is
very selfish fellow.
A. The Andamans are a group of islands in the Bay of Bengal.
A. Of the two sisters Shyam and Ram, the former is a good man, but the
5. We travelled by plane at night, flying very high. The view from sky
latter is a very selfish fellow.
was splendid. It was thrilling experience.
11. His knowledge of medicine had been acquired under aged Jewes. 28. Moon did not rise till after ten.
A. His knowledge of medicine had been acquired under an aged Jewes. A. The moon did not rise till after ten.
12. Sun rises in east. 29. They never fail who die in great cause.
A. The sun rises in the east. A. They never fail who die in a great cause.
13. The brave soldier lost arm in battle. 30. I have not seen him since he was child.
A. The brave soldier lost arm in the battle. A. I have not seen him since he was a child.
14. The doctor says it is hopless case. 31. For Brutus is honourable man.
A. For Brutus is an honourable man.
A. The doctor says it is a hopless case.
32. We started late in afternoon.
15. I like to live in open air.
A. We started late in the afternoon.
A. I like to live in the open air.
33. Tiger, animal equal to lion in size is native of Asia.
16. Get pound of sugar from nearest grocer.
A. The Tiger, an animal equal to the lion in size is a native of Asia.
A. Get a pound of sugar from the nearest grocer.
34. My favourite flower is rose.
17. Set back clock; it is hour too fast. A. My favourite flower is the rose.
A. Set back the clock; it is an hour too fast. 35. John Bright once said that safest place in England was first class
18. The poor woman has not ten paise. carriage in an express train.
A. The poor woman has not a ten paise. A. John Bright once said that the safest place in England was the first
19. Eskimos make houses of snow and ice. class carriage in an express train.
A. The Eskimos make houses of snow and ice. 36. Only best quality is sold by us.
20. Where did you buy umbrella? A. Only the best quality is sold by us.
A. Where did you buy the umbrella? 37. May we have pleasure of your company.
A. May we have the pleasure of your company?
21. Have you never seen elephant?
38. It was proudest moment of my life.
A. Have you never seen an elephant?
A. It was the proudest moment of my life.
22. Have you told him about accident?
39. March is third month of year.
A. Have you told him about the accident?
A. March is the third month of a year.
23. Livingstone was great explorer.
40. Time makes worst enemies friends.
A. Livingstone was a great explorer. A. Time makes the worst enemies friends.
24. How blue sky looks! Supply 'a' or 'an' or 'the' wherever necessary, Put X if no article is needed :
A. How blue the sky looks! 1. _ window is made of __ wood.
25. Who wishes to take walk with me? A. The window is made of X wood.
A. Who wishes to take a walk with me? 2. _ coffee is _ drink.
26. The musician was old Mussalman. A. X coffee is a drink.
A. The musician wan an old Mussalman. 3. Draw _ map of _ India.
27. The river was spanned by iron bridge. A. Draw the map of IX India.
A. The river was spanned by an iron bridge. 4. Telugu is _ musical language.

A. Telugu is a musical language. 22. Chandra Gupta was _ Mauryan Emperor.

5. Madras is _very costly place to live in. A. Chandra Gupta was a Mauryan Emperor.
A. Madras is a very costly place to live in. 23. Yugandhara is _ minister who served _ king and _ kingdom.
6. Sri Lanka is _ island. A. Yugandhara is the minister who served the king and the kingdom.
A. Sri Lanka is an island. 24. _ more you speak _ less I understand.
7. Vatcha is _ young parsee. A. The more you speak the less I undersatnd.
A. Vatcha is a young parsee. 25. Do you see_picture on _ wall?
8. _ silver is _ bright metal. A. Do you see the picture on the wall?
A. X silver is a bright metal. 26. _ doctor says it is _ hopeless case.
9. I like _ idly with _ coconut chatnee. A. The doctor says it is a hopeless case.
A. I like X idly with X coconut chatnee. 27. Lance Gibbs is one of _ two who bowled thousand maiden overs in
10. _ rose is _ beautiful flower. _ Test Cricket.
A. The rise is a beautiful flower. A. Lance Gibbs is one of the two who bowled thousand maiden overs
in the Test Cricket.
11. _ children are _ charming lot.
28. King ordered all _ able bodied men to join _ army.
A. X children are a charming lot.
A. King ordered all the able bodied men to join the army.
12. I like to take_ cup of coffee.
29. Solomon was _ wisest king.
A. I like to take a cup of coffee.
A. Solomon was the wisest king.
13. Mr. George regularly takes his lunch at _ noon.
30. There was _ heavy down pour, so_play started late in_afternoon.
A. Mr.George regularly takes his lunch at X noon.
31. There was a heavy down pour, so the play started late in the afternoon.
14. I met _boy by _ name Venkata Rao last Sunday.
32. There is _ chance for Bedi also to be_bowler of _thousand maiden
A. I met a boy by X name Venkata Rao last Sunday. overs in the Test Cricket.
15. _ cow is worshipped in India. A. There is a chance for Bedi also to be the bowler of a thousand maiden
A. The cow is worshipped in India. overs in the Test Cricket.
16. _ Jasmine has _ fragrant smell. 33. Have you ever been in _Europe country?
A. The Jasmine has a fragrant smell. A. Have you ever been in a Europe country?
17. Krishna Sastry is called _ Andhra Shelley. 34. I joined_school very late in life.
A. Krishna Sastry is called the Andhra Shelley. A. I joined X school very late in life.
18. Yadagiri is _ industrious boy. 35. _ God made _ nouns and _ man made _ adjectives
A. Yadagiri is an industrious boy. A. X God made the nouns and X man made the adjectives.
19. Tubal Cain was _ a man of _ might. 36. Have _ children returned _ home from _ scool?
A. Tubal Cain was man of X might. A. Have the children returned X home from X school?
20. Honest men never tell _ lies. 37. You can write in _ink or with_ pencil.
A. Honest men never tell X lies. A. You can write in X ink or with a pencil.
21. _ Kalidasa is _ Shakespeare of India. 38. Mr. Ranjan is always _ at home on Sundays.
A. X Kalidasa is the Shakespeare of India. A. Mr. Ranjan is always X at home on Sundays.
39. _ German is _ European. 8. The teacher gave the boy a bundle of books. (A.V.)
A. The German is a European. A. The boy was given a bundle of books by the teacher. (P.V.)
40. _ poor woman has got _paisa. or. A bundle of books was given to the boy by the teacher. (P.V.)
A. The poor woman has got a Paisa. 9. Alexander cut the Gordian knot. (A.V.)
A. The Gordian knot was cut by Alexander. (P.V.)
SEN TEN
SENTEN CES W
TENCES ITH VO
WITH VOIICE 10. A committee makes the selection of students. (A.V.)
A. The selection of students is made by a committee. (P.V.)
WOw¡+¨µÖ’ Active Voice, Passive Jx Ô~O_»∞ ~°HÍÅ∞QÍ "åHÍºÅ∞O\Ï~Ú. 11. The lecturer marks the attendance every period. (A.V.)
"åHõºOÖ’ Hõ~°Î (subject) „Ñ¨^è•#OQÍ =ÙO>Ë P "åHÍºxfl Active Voice JO\Ï~°∞. A. The attendance is marked every period by the lecturer. (P.V.)
12. The auditors are checking the accounts. (A.V.)
L^• : ~å=Ú_»∞ ~å=}∞x K«OÃÑ#∞.
A. The accounts are being checked by the auditors. (P.V.)
Rama killed Ravana.
13. The police are investigating the murder. (A.V.)
JÖÏHÍHõ "åHõºOÖ’ „H˜Ü«∞ (Verb) „Ñ¨^è•#"≥∞ÿ =ÙO>Ë P "åHÍºxfl passive A. The murder is being investigated by the police. (P.V.)
Voice JO\Ï~°∞. 14. The Reception Committee has made all the arrangements. (A.V.)
L^• : ~å=ÚxKÕ ~å=}∞_»∞ K«OÑ¨|_≥#∞. A. All the arrangements have been made by the Reception Committee.
(P.V.)
Ravana Killed by Rama.
15. Mother has cooked the dinner. (A.V.)
WÖÏ Z<Àfl~°HÍÅ "åHÍºÅ∞ Active Voice, Passive Voice Ö’ =ÙO\Ï~Ú. A. The dinner has been cooked by mother. (P.V.)
Active, Passive Voice Å ã¨fi~°∂Ñ¨ ã¨fiÉèÏ"åÅ#∞ D„HÕk "åHÍºÅ ^•fi~å 16. The cat drank all the milk. (A.V.)
`≥Å∞ã¨∞HÀO_ç. A. All the milk was drunk by the cat. (P.V.)
17. The enemy bombed the city last night. (A.V.)
EXERCISES A. The city was bombed last night by the enemy. (P.V.)
1. We find pine trees in many parts of the world. (A.V.) 18. The chairman was ringing the bell. (A.V.)
A. Pine trees are found by us in many parts of the world. (P.V.) A. The bell was being rung by the Chairman. (P.V.)
2. All desire wealth and some acqurie it. (A.V.) 19. The students were decorating the college hall. (A.V.)
A. Wealth is desired by all and it is acquired by some. (P.V.)
A. The college hall was being decorated by the college students.(P.V.)
3. Many have lost their lives in the war. (A.V.)
20. The General Body has passed two of the resolutions. (A.V.)
A. Their lives have been lost in the war. (P.V.)
A. Two of the resolutions have been passed by the General Body.
4. He ordered his servant to wait. (A.V.)
(P.V.)
A. His servant was ordered to wait by him. (P.V.)
21. The municipality had sanctioned the construction of the theatre.
5. We will reach Madras tomorrow. (A.V.)
(A.V.)
A. Madras will be reached by us tomarrow. (P.V.) A. The construction of the theatre had been sanctioned by the
6. Honesty is generally regarded as the best policy. (A.V.) municipality. (P.V.)
A. We regard honesty generally as the best policy. (P.V.) 22. The Principal will interview the students in the afternoon. (A.V.)
7. English language is spoken by all educated people. (A.V.) A. The students will be interviewed in the afternoon by the Principal.
A. All educated people speak English language. (P.V.) (P.V.)
23. A high court judge will conduct the enquiry. (A.V.) 39. When do they clear the mail? (A.V.)
A. The enquiry will be conducted by a high court judge. (P.V.) A. When is the mail cleared by them? (P.V.)
24. He will have completed it by the end of next month. (A.V.) 40. Who broke the news? (A.V.)
A. It will have been completed by the end of next month by him. A. By whom was the news broken? (P.V.)
(P.V.) 41. What they discuss at the meeting? (A.V.)
25. They will have announced the results by the beginning of June. A. What was discussed at the meeting by them? (P.V.)
(A.V.) 42. We can't take up this work now. (A.V.)
A. The results will have been announced by the beginning of June by A. This work can't be taken up now by us. (P.V.)
them. (P.V.) 43. Some persons don't eat onions. (A.V.)
26. We have posted most of the invitations. (A.V.) A. Onions are not eaten by some persons. (P.V.)
A. Most of the invitations have been posted by us. (P.V.)
44. The tourists did not visit this place. (A.V.)
27. Alexander Fleming discovered pencillin. (A.V.)
A. This place was not visited by the tourists. (P.V.)
A. Pencillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming. (P.V.)
45. The manager refused the clerk leave. (A.V.)
28. They have added two hundred books to the library. (A.V.)
A. The clerk was refused leave by the manager. (P.V.)
A. Two hundred books have been added to the library by them. (P.V.)
46. Someone showed me the photograph. (A.V.)
29. Do they speak Tamil? (A.V.)
A. The Photograph was showed me by someone. (P.V.)
A. Is Tamil spoken by them? (P.V.)
47. Why did they give him so much money? (A.V.)
30. Type these letters before 4 O' clock. (A.V.)
A. Why was so much money given by them? (P.V.)
A. Let these letters be typed before 4 O' clock. (P.V.)
48. My uncle gave me a good education. (A.V.)
31. Deposit this money in the bank. (A.V.)
A. I was given a good education by my uncle. (P.V.)
A. Let this money be deposited in the bank. (P.V.)
or A. A good education was given me by my uncle. (P.V.)
32. Send invitations to all the parents. (A.V.)
49. You should teach the mass a lesson. (A.V.)
A. Let invitations be sent to all the parents. (P.V.)
A. The mass should be taught a lesson by you. (P.V.)
33. Do you take colour photos? (A.V.)
A. A lesson should be taught to the mass by you. (P,V.)
A. Are colour photos taken by you? (P.V.)
34. Did they hire a bus? (A.V.) 50. Woolen clothes keep us warm. (A.V.)
A. Was a bus hired by them? (P.V.) A. We are kept warm by woollen clothes. (P.V.)
35. Is the doctor examining the patient? (A.V.) 51. The children called Nehru 'Chacha'. (A.V.)
A. Is the patient being examined by the doctor? (P.V.) A. Nehru was called 'Chacha' by the children. (P.V.)
36. Where do they play the match? (A.V.) 52. We have painted the house green. (A.V.)
A. Where is the match played by them? (P.V.) A. The house has been painted green by us. (P.V.)
37. Why did they raise this question. (A.V.) 53. They named the child Dinesh. (A.V.)
A. Why was this question raised by them? (P.V.) A. The child was named Dinesh by them. (P.V.)
38. Where can you get good silk saris? (A.V.) 54. The judge found the prisoner not guilty by the Judge. (A.V.)
A. Where can good silk saris be got by you? (P.V.) A. The prisoner was found not guilty by the Judge. (P.V.)
55. The principal asked the boy to wait. (A.V.) 71. Sastriji gave the slogan 'Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan. (A.V.)
A. The boy was asked to wait by the principal. (P.V.) A. The slogan 'Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan' was given by Sastriji (P.V.)
56. The doctor advised the youngman to give up smoking. (A.V.) 72. Covet not wealth or honour. (A.V.)
A. The young man was advised by the doctor to give up smoking. A. Let not welath or honour be not coveted. (P.V.)
(P.V.) 73. You cannot expect little children to understand that. (A.V.)
57. You can help me to solve this problem. (A.V.) A. Little children cannot be expected to understand that by you.(P.V.)
A. I can be helped to solve this problem by you. (P.V.) 74. People hoped that the Government would take some action. (A.V.)
58. The constable noticed the man throw a stone. (A.V.) A. It was hoped by people that some action would be taken by the
A. The man was noticed to throw a stone by the constable (P.V.) Government. (P.V.)
59. He taught me how to face an interview. (A.V.) 75. You must never say that he was unsympathetic. (A.V.)
A. I was taught by him how to face an interview. (P.V.) A. It must never be said by you that he was unsympathetic. (P.V.)
60. We have talked to the workers. (A.V.) 76. They have decided to start a new sugar factory here. (A.V.)
A. Workers have been talked to by us. (P.V.) A. It has been decided by them to start a new sugar factory. (P.V.)
61. The agreement satisfied the workers. (A.V.) 77. Sengupta had told him about the accident. (A.V.)
A. The workers were satisfied by the agreement. (P.V.) A. He had been told by Sengupta about the accident. (P.V.)
78. Gopal said that he would visit his native village this summer.
62. Social work interests Mrs Das very much. (A.V.)
(A.V.)
A. Mrs . Das is interested very much by social work. (P.V.)
A. It was said by Gopal that his native village would be visited this
63. The news surprised everyone. (A.V.)
summer by him. (P.V.)
A. Everyone was surprised by the news. (P.V.)
79. By 1974, I shall have completed four years in office. (A.V.)
64. The admission work engaged the principal the whole day. (A.V.)
A. Four years in office shall have been completed by me by 1974.
A. The principal was engaged the whole day by the admission work.
(P.V.)
(P.V.)
80. E.A.S. Prasanna has taken 187 wickets in Test Cricket. (A.V.)
65. Mr. Kumar taught as English. (A.V.)
A. 187 wickets in Test Cricket have been taken by E.A.S. Prasanna.
A. We were taught English by Mr. Kumar (P.V.)
(P.V.)
66. Who wrote this essay? (A.V.)
81. Chandra took 36 wickets in a Test Series against England. (A.V.)
A. By whom was this essay written? (P.V.) A. 36 wickets in a Test Series against England were taken by Chandra.
67. Who killed the snake? (A.V.) (P.V.)
A. By whom was the snake killed? (P.V.) 82. Abid hopes that he will regain his place in the Indian team. (A.V.)
68. Who drew the picture on the wall? (A.V.) A. It is hoped by Abid that his place will be regained by him in the
A. By whom was the picture drawn on the wall? (P.V.) Indian team. (P.V.)
69. The police were taking him to prison. (A.V.) 83. A Judge is enquiring into the incident at Nallakunta. (A.V.)
A. He was being taken to prison by the police. (P.V.) A. The incident at Nallakunta is being equired into by a judge. (P.V.)
70. Please post the letter. (A.V.) 84. Prasad will have read the book by this evening. (A.V.)
A. You are requested do post the letter. (P.V.) A. The book will have been read by prasad by this evening. (P.V.)
85. Kalidas has created many a work of art. (A.V.) 100. When did you hear the news of his arrival. (A.V.)
A. Many a work of art has been created by Kalidas. (P.V.) A. When was the news of his arrival heard (by you) (P.V.)
86. Read the novels of Graham Green carefully. (A.V.) 101. Who is opening the door? (A.V.)
A. Let the novels of Graham Green be read carefully (by you) (P.V.) A. By whom is the door being opened? (P.V.)
87. Kanta Rao understands the problem easily. (A.V.) 102. Where did you find this purse? (A.V.)
A. The problem is easily understood by Kanta Rao. (P.V.) A. Where was this purse found? (P.V.)
88. I will examine the proposal carefully. (A.V.) 103. Why did they throw away the apples? (A.V.)
A. The proposal will be carefully examined by me. (P.V.) A. Why were the apples thrown away by them? (P.V.)
89. Let him read the question before answering it. (A.V.) 104. My grand mother told me a story. (A.V.)
A. Let the question be read (by him) before it is being answered.
A. I was told a story by my grandmother. (P.V.)
(P.V.)
or A. A story was told me by my grandmother. (P.V.)
90. Are they speaking the truth? (A.V.)
105. My father gave me good education. (A.V.)
A. Is the truth being spoken by them? (P.V.)
A. I was given good education by my father. (P.V.)
91. I met Adurthi when he was directing a film. (A.V.)
106. We must teach him a lesson. (A.V.)
A. Adurthi was met by me when a film was being directed by him.
A. He must be taught a lesson by us. (P.V.)
(P.V.)
92. Cackling of geese saved Rome. (A.V.) or A. A lesson must be taught to him by us. (P.V.)
A. Rome was saved by cackling of geese. (P.V.) 107. Why did you give him so much money? (A.V.)
93. The recollection of the pleasant and unpleasant nourishes desire. A. Why was so much money given to him by you. (P.V.)
(A.V.) or A. Why was he given so much money by you. (P.V.)
A. Desire is nourished by the recollection of the pleasant and unpleasant. 108. They elected him captain. (A.V.)
(P.V.) A. He was elected captain by them. (P.V.)
94. I don't know anything. (A.V.) 109. They made him a fool. (A.V.)
A. Nothing is known to me. (P.V.) A. He was made a fool by them. (P.V.)
95. They lighted the candles. (A.V.) 110. The teacher asked the boy to wait. (A.V.)
A. The candles were lighted by them. (P.V.) A. The boy was asked by the teacher to wait. (P.V.)
96. Someone has broken the window. (A.V.) 111. He taught me how to swim. (A.V.)
A. The window has been broken (by someone) (P.V.) A. I was taught by him how to swim. (P.V.)
97. Read the story carefully. (A.V.) 112. He helped me to solve the problem. (A.V.)
A. Let the story be read carefully (by you) (P.V.) A. I was helped by him to solve the probem. (P.V.)
98. Stop that nonsense. (A.V.) 113. They laughed at the old man. (A.V.)
A. Let that nonsense be stopped (by you) (P.V.) A. The old man was laughed at by them. (P.V.)
99. Obey the orders or the officer will punish you. (A.V.)
114. He has talked to the workers. (A.V.)
A. Let the orders be obeyed or you will be punished by the officer.
A. The workers have been talked to by him. (P.V.)
(P.V.)
Rewrite the following sentences in the Active Voice :- 17. The young boy is being cheated of his inheritance by his unscrupulous
1. He was found guilty (P.V.) uncle. (P.V.)
A. They found him guilty. (A.V.) A. His unscrupulous uncle is cheating the young boy of his inheritance.
2. Good news is expected. (P.V.) (A.V.)
A. We expect good news. (A.V.) 18. Why were you punished by the teacher? (P.V.)
or A. He (she) expects good news. (A.V.) A. Why did the teacher punish you? (P.V.)
3. Promises should be kept. (P.V.) 19. Not a word was spoken by the criminal in self-defence. (P.V.)
A. We should keep promises. (A.V.) A. The criminal did not speak a word in self-defence. (A.V.)
4. The telegram has been sent. (P.V.) 20. I shall be greatly surprised if I am selected by the Committee.
A. I have sent the telegram. (A.V.) (P.V.)
5. The child was knocked down by a car. (P.V.) A. It will surprise me greatly if the Committee selects me. (A.V.)
A. A car knocked down the child. (A.V.) 21. Let the letter be dispatched. (P.V.)
6. The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell. (P.V.) A. Dispatch the letter. (A.V.)
A. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. (A.V.) 22. He was obliged to agree to this proposal. (P.V.)
7. I was asked my name. (P.V.) A. Circumstances obliged him to agree to this proposal. (A.V.)
A. She asked me my name. (A.V.) 23. He was refused admittance. (P.V.)
8. My car has been sold. (P.V.) A. They refused him admittance. (A.V.)
A. I have sold my car. (A.V.) 24. It was expected that today would be a holiday. (P.V.)
9. Many amusing stories are told about Mark Twain. (P.V.) A. They expected that today would be a holiday. (A.V.)
A. They tell many amusing stories about Mark Twain. (A.V.) 25. The dog was left in the park. (P.V.)
10. Nothing can be gained by hurry. (P.V.) A. Someone left the dog in the park. (A.V.)
A. We can gain nothing by hurry. (A.V.) 26. When will the work be begun by the carpenter? (P.V.)
11. The horse was frightened by the noise. (P.V.) A. When will the carpenter begin the work? (A.V.)
A. The noise frightened the horse. (A.V.)
12. He had been hit on the head. (P.V.) SEN TEN
SENTEN CES WITH
TENCES
A. Somebody had hit him on the head. (A.V.) DIREEC T A ND IND
AND IR
INDIR E C T SPE
IRE E CH
SPEE
DIR
13. He was taken to the hospital. (P.V.)
A. Somebody took him to the hospital. (A.V.)
Speech è(ÉèÏ+¨) Ô~O_»∞ ~°Hõ=ÚÅ∞. 1. Direct Speech è(„Ñ¨`«ºHõ∆ ÉèÏ+¨})
14. He was saved by his dog. (P.V.)
2. Indirect Speech è(Ñ¨~ÀHõ∆ ÉèÏ+¨}). XHõ =ºH˜Î K≥Ñ≤Ê# =∂@Å∞ uiy J^Õq^èŒOQÍ
A. His dog saved him. (A.V.)
15. Chairs and tables are made by carpenters. (P.V.) K≥Ñ≤Ê`Õ ^•xx Direct Speech è(„Ñ¨`«ºHõ∆ ÉèÏ+¨}) Jx JO\Ï~°∞. HÍx P =ºH˜Î K≥Ñ≤Ê#
A. Carpenters make chairs and tables. (A.V.) =∂@ÅÜ≥ÚHõ¯ ÉèÏ=O ÖËHõ `å`«Ê~°ºO =∞~˘Hõ =ºH˜ÎH˜ K≥Ñ≤Ê`Õ ^•xx Indirect Speech
16. The criminal was arrested by the police (P.V.) (Ñ¨~ÀHõ∆ ÉèÏ+¨}) Jx JO\Ï~°∞.
A. The police arrested the criminal. (A.V.)

Note : Direct Speech Ö

è ’ L#fl Passage #∞ Indirect Speech Ö’H˜ =∂~°∞Û#Ñ¨C_»∞, 12. 'We are moving into a new house, 'my neighbour said.
A. My neighbour said that they were moving into a new house.
XHõ "åHõº=Ú#∞ =∞~À "åHõº=Ú`À HõÅÑ¨_®xH˜ Further, Added, Again, Also J#∞
13. 'If it rains, we will have to cancel the match,' the captain said.
=∂@Å∞ "å_»=Öˇ#∞. A. The captain said that if it rained, they would have to cancel the match.
WzÛ# Passage Ö’x Sentence Å#∞ QÆ∞~°∞ÎÅ#∞|\˜ì *Ï„QÆ`«ÎQÍ ÑïjeOz 14. 'We shall go to the zoo,' Ashok said to his friend.
PÜ«∂ connections KÕ~°Û=Öˇ#∞ Indirect Speech Ö’H˜ =∂iÛ# `«~°∞"å`« Jxfl A. Ashok told his friend that they should go to the zoo.
15. Hassan said to me, 'I will see you tomorrow'.
~°Hõ=ÚÅ "åHÍºÅ z=~° Full Stop QÆ∞~°∞Î<Õ "å_»=Öˇ#∞.
'I am not free tomorrow', I said to Hassan.
EXERCISES A. Hassan told me that he would see me the next day. I told Hassan that
I was not free the next day.
I. Put the following into indirect speech :- 16. 'Those who have written the essay can go home,' the teacher said.
1. 'Have you no manners?' Shouted the woman angrily. A. The teacher said that those who had written the essay could go home.
A. The woman angrily shouted if he had no manners. 17. All my friends tell me, 'you will be a great man one day'.
2. 'Why don't you get vaccinated?' the doctor asked. A. All my friends tell me that I shall be a great man one day.
A. The doctor asked why he did not get vaccinated. 18. 'I have been waiting for an hour', complained Ashok.
3. He said, ' Where can I get an application form?' A. Ashok complained that he had been waiting for an hour.
A. He asked where he could get an application form. 19. My friend said, 'you may take my bicycle if you like. I shall not be
4. 'Do you write a good hand?' asked the employer. needing it for two days'.
A. The employer asked if he did write a good hand. A. My friend said that I might take his bicycle if I liked.
5. The teacher asked,'What are the rivers that flow through Andhra My friend added that he would not be needing it for two days.
Pradesh?'
20. 'Your husband will soon be well. Let him be in bed for week, 'Dr.
A. The teacher asked what the rivers that flew through Andhra Pradesh Sapru told Mrs. Rao.
were.
A. Dr. Sapru told Mrs. Rao that her husband would soon be well. He
6. 'Who was the first man to fly in space?' questioned the examiner.
advised her that he should be in bed for a week.
A. The examiner questioned who the first man to fly in space was.
21. 'I am going to Delhi on the 10th. The interview is on the 14th',
7. 'Keep quiet', said the mother to the child. Kassim said.
A. The mother asked the child to keep quiet. A. Kassim said that he was going to Delhi on the 10th. He added that
8. 'Call the witness', said the magistrate. the interview was on the 14th.
A. The magistrate ordered them to call the witness. 22. Mr. Rao said to his wife, 'I may be late for dinner. Don't wait for me.'
9. 'Don't waste your time, but work hard during the Christmas holidays', A. Mr. Rao informed his wife that he might be late for dinner. He asked
said the teacher. her not to wait for him.
A. The teacher asked him not to waste his time, but work hard during 23. 'Raju,' said Raju's mother,, 'Don't tell lies. Tell me the truth.'
the Christmas holidays.
A. Raju's mother advised him not to tell lies but to tell her the truth.
10. 'May God bless you!' said the old gentleman to the little boy.
24. The captain said to the soldiers, 'Don't fall back keep firing and
A. The old gentleman exclaimed to the boy that God might bless him.
advancing.'
11. He said, 'God save the king.'
A. The captain commanded the soldiers not to fall back but to keep
A. He prayed that God might save the king. firing and advancing.
25. The Gita says, 'Do your duty. Don't worry about the results of your 38. Mother said to me, 'Have you watered the plants?'
actions. A. Mother asked me if I had watered the plants.
A. The Gita advises us to do our duty and not to worry about the results 39. The Secretary said to the visitor, 'Whom do you want to see?'
of our actions.
A. The Secretary asked the visitor whom he wanted to see.
26. 'Don't argue with your father, 'Mrs. Das said to her son.
40. Mr. Munshi said to me, 'Whose portrait are you painting?'
A. Mrs. Das ordered her son not to argue with his father.
A. Mr. Munshi asked me whose portriat I was painting.
27. 'Grow a beard and no one will know who you are,' my friend advised
41. My uncle said to me, 'When does the postman come everyday?'
me.
A. My uncle asked me when the postman did come (came) every day.
A. My friend advised me to grow a beard and that no one would know
who I was. 42. Mrs. Das said to Mr. Das, 'How many people are coming to dinner?'
28. Taste a little of this. Tell me if I have added too much salt,' she said A. Mrs. Das enquired of Mr. Das how many people were coming to
to her daughter. dinner.
A. She asked her daughter to taste a little of that. She further asked her 43. The Inspector said to the prisoner,'Where did you get these counterfeit
to tell her if she had added too much salt. notes from?'
29. 'Don't talk loudly. You will disturb the babby', my aunt said. A. The Inspector asked the prisoner where he had got those counter feit
A. My aunt asked me not to talk loudly. She warned me that I would notes from.
disturb the baby. 44. 'What a pleasant evening"! Shall we go for a walk?' said Ravi to his
30. 'Be careful. The steps are slippery, 'My friend said friends.
A. My friend advised me to be careful and cautioned me that the steps A. Ravi exclaimed to his friends that it was a very pleasant evening. He
were slippery. asked them whether they would go for a walk.
31. 'Get me some paper and a pen, 'my father said to me. 45. 'How stuffy it is here! Let us go out and sit in the garden,' Prema said
to her friends.
A. My father asked me to get him some paper and a pen.
A. Prema exclaimed to her friends that it was very stuffy there. She
32. The shop-keeper said to the lady, 'Do you want the red saree or the suggested that they should go out and sit in the garden.
green one?'
46. 'How nice of you to have come! my friend said to me.
A. The shop-keeper asked the lady whether she wanted the red saree or
the green one. A. My friend exclaimed to me that it was very nice of me to have come.
33. I said to the policeman, 'Can you tell me the way to the hospital?' 47. 'How persuasively you lawyer argued the case!' my friend said to
me.
A. I asked the policeman if he could tell me the way to the hospital.
A. My friend exclaimed to me that my lawyer argued the case very
34. The parent said to the teacher, 'Will my daughter pass or fail'?
persuasively.
A. The parent asked the teacher if the daughter would pass or fail.
48. 'What' a pity you did not come to the party!' my friend said to me.
35. My neighbour said to me, 'Are you going Delhi next week?'
A. My friend exclaimed to me that it was a great pity I had not come to
A. My neighbour asked me if I was going to Delhi next week. the party.
36. Ravi said to Raju, 'Shall we plan a picnic for next Sunday?' 49. 'What a lazy girl you are! How shabbily you have done your work!'
A. Ravi asked Raju if they would plan a picnic for next Sunday. the teacher said to Judy.
37. Father said to son, 'Hasn't the postman come yet?' A. The teacher exclaimed to Judy that she was a very lazy girl. He further
A. Father asked his son if the postman hadn't come yet. commented that she had done her work very shabbily.

50. 'May God bless you!' said the old man to the boy. 62. 'Will he say till to-morrow? she asked,' No, he won't, I said.
A. The old man wished that God should bless him (the boy). A. She asked whether he would stay till the next day.
51. 'Alas! What shall I do now?' cried the traveller. 'Who will show me I replied in the negative and said that he would not.
the way in this jungle?' 63. 'I have changed my mind,' he says. 'I am not leaving to day'.
A. The traveller exclaimed and cried what he should do then. He doubted A. He says that he has changed his mind. He also says that he is not
who would show him the way in that jungle. leaving that day. (and so is not leaving that day.)
52. She said, 'We are going to spend our holidays in Bangalore this year. 64. She said to the boy. 'Take your muddy shoes off before you came
A. She said that they were going to spend their holidays in Bangalore into the house.'
that year. A. She wanted the boy to take his muddy shoes off before he came into
53. 'I don't believe you', he said to his servant. 'I am sure you are lying'. the house.
A. He told his servant that he did not believe him. He further said that 65. 'Did you visit Golkonda Fort when you were in Hyderabad last
he was sure he was lying. month?'
54. 'Why are you so sad?' I asked. 'No, I wanted to, but I had no time.'
A. I asked him why he was so sad. A. I asked him if he had visited Golkonda Fort when he was in Hyderabad
55. "Is this your new pen?' I said. 'Does it write well?' the previous month.
A. I asked if that was his new pen. I also asked him if it did write well. He replied in the negative and said that he wanted to do so, but that
he had no time.
56. 'I am very busy now', the manager said. 'Come in the afternoon.'
66. 'I have got a first class'.
A. The manager said that he was very busy then. So he asked him to
come in the afternoon. 'Congratulations. What do you intended to.
57. 'Why are you talking?' said the teacher. 'Leave the room'. 'I hope to get a position in a government office.'
A. The teacher asked him why he was talking. He ordered him to leave A. I told him that I had got a first class. He conveyed his congratulations
and asked me what I intended to.
the room.
I replied that I hoped to get a position in a government office.
58. 'Which is the way to the station?' the old man asked. 'Have I time to
walk to the station?' 67. I said to him ' you are not trying your best.'
A. The old man asked which was the way to the station. He further A. I told him that he was not trying his best.
asked if he had time to walk to the station. 68. The doctor said, 'you will not get well unless you take care.'
59. 'What a lovely house this is!' she said. 'When was it built?' A. The doctor said that he would not get well unless he took care.
A. She exclaimed that it was a very lovely house. She wanted to know 69. 'I shall take you all if you are good, 'said their mother.
when it was built. A. Their mother said that she would take them all if they were good.
60. 'Are you free to-night?' he said. 'I would like you to come to the 70. 'Where are you going?' she asked of her daughter.
pictures with me'.
A. She asked of her daughter where she was going.
A. He said if I was free that night. He further wished that he would like
71. 'What do you mean by doing that?' he said to the boys.
me to the pictures with him.
A. He asked the boys what they meant (did mean) by doing that.
61. 'Do you like your coffee storng?' I said. 'Yes', she replied.
72. James said to his friend, 'Have you five rupees to spare?'
A. I asked if she liked her coffee strong. She replied in the positive.
A. James asked his friend if he had five rupees to spare.
73. Ram said to the teacher' 'Can you do this sum for me?' 88. He said to her, 'Don't go now'.
A. Ram asked the teaher (requested the teacher) if he could do the sum A. He asked her not to go then.
for him. 89. He said to me, 'Do you like tea?'
74. 'Who has broken all the cups?' she said to the new servant. A. He asked me if I liked (did like) tea.
A. She asked the new servant who had broken all the cups. 90. I said to him, 'When did you come?'
75. I said to him, 'Sit down at once.' A. I asked him when he had come.
A. I ordered him to sit down at once. 91. 'Which is your native place?' said he to her.
76. The doctor said to the patient, 'Do not eat sweets.' A. He asked her which is her native place was.
A. The doctor advised the patient not to eat sweets. 92. She said to him, 'Who are you and whom do you want?'
77. He said,'Let us wait for ten minutes'. A. She asked him who he was and whom did he want. ( he wanted)
A. He proposed that they should wait for ten minutes. 93. 'How splendid it is!' said I.
78. He said to me , 'Wait here till I come in the evening.' A. I exclaimed how splendid it was
A. He asked me to wait here till he came in the evening. or A. I exclaimed that it was very splendid,
79. We all said to the teacher, 'Please take mathematics this hour.' 94. He exclaimed, 'How soundly you sleep?'
A. We all requested the teacher to take mathematics that hour. A. He exclaimed that he slept very soundly.
80. 'You must not move till I come back,' the father said to his son. 95. 'O Liberty! what crimes have been committed in the name!' said he.
A. He addressed Liberty and exclaimed that many crimes had been
A. The father ordered his son that he must not move till he came back.
commmitted in her name.
81. She said, 'What a pity you have come so late!'
96. Our teacher said, 'If you boys work hard you will pass in flying
A. She exclaimed that it was a pity that he had come so late. colours'.
82. 'May our country be victorious:' cried the whole audience. A. Our teacher said that if we boys worked hard, we would pass in
A. The whole audience expressed their wish that their country might be flying colours.
victorious. 97. 'I got this book as a present already, 'said my brother.
83. He said, 'Useless fellow! why were you born to worry me?' A. My brother said that he had got that book as a present already.
A. He condemned him why he was born to worry him. 98. 'I am now preparing hard for examinations. I cannot attend cinema,
84. He said, 'Alas! I am undone. What can I do? I have no where to go.' 'said Sirisha.
A. He exclaimed sadly that he was undone. He asked what he could do A. Sirisha said that she was then preparing hard for examinations. She
and said that he had no where to go. further said that she could not attend cinema.
99. 'Be prepared to suffer for the sins you commit,' said the preacher in
85. I said, 'you have all done it badly. You will have to rewrite it again.'
the church.
A. I said that he had all done it badly. I advised that he would have to
A. The preacher in the church asked us to be prepared to suffer for the
rewrite it again.
sins we committed.
86. He said to her, 'Have a cup of tea.' 100. 'What is the cost of the necklace? my wife said to me.
A. He asked her to have a cup of tea. A. My wife asked me what the cost of the necklace was.
87. "Listen to the music, child,' he pleaded. 101. Are you talking seriously or is it a joke?' said my friend.
A. He pleaded and appealed to the child to listen to the music. A. My friend asked me if I was talking seriously or if it was a Joke.
102. 'What a blessed land is non-violent India' said my friend to me. A. 'I don't want to rest. Please let me play on. I would like nothing
A. My friend exclaimed to me that non-violent India is a blessed land. better, 'said Tom.
Report the following in direct speech:- 11. The man addressed the child and asked how he had got there. He
also asked whose baby he was.
1. John said he was going to Bombay.
A. 'How did you get here, child? Whose baby are you?' the man asked.
A. John said, 'I am going to Bombay.
12. The swallow asked why he was weeping then. He remarked that he
2. The teacher has advised me to improve my spelling. had quite drenched her.
A. The teacher has said to me, 'Improve your speling. A. 'Why are you weeping then?' cried the swallow. 'You have quite
3. He asked whether I knew the way to the police station. drenched me'.
A. He said, 'Do you know the way to the police station?' 13. Jaques declared that the deer were the rightful inhabitants of the
forest and that it was wicked to disturb and attack them.
4. I have asked whether he will come to tea, with me next Sunday. He
has replied he will if he is free. A. Jaques said 'The deer are the rightful inhabitants of the forest. It is
wicked to disturb and attack them.'
A. I have said, 'Will you come to tea with me next Sunday?' He has
said, 'I will if I am free.' 14. Duke Senior at once declared that all those who had shared his exile
would be well rewarded when he returned to his dukedom.
5. He proposed that we should go to the cinema.
A. Duke Senior at once declared, 'All those who have shared my exile
A. He said 'Let us go to the cinema'. will be well rewarded when I return to my dukedom.'
6. I said I would meet him again before he left. 15. I enquired if there was a shop near where they could buy sweets.
A. I said, 'I will meet you again before you leave.' A. I said, 'Is there a shop near where we can buy sweets?'
7. I remarked what a beautiful table it was and asked where he had 16. The Caliph asked the merchants if the mangoes were fresh or if
bought it. He replied he had bought it in Hyderabad. they had been in that pot for two or three months.
A. I said, 'What a beautiful table it is! Where have you bought it?' He A. The Caliph said to the merchants, 'Are the mangoes fresh or have
said, ' I have bought it in Hyderabad.' they been in that pot for two or three months?'
8. He asked the shop-keeper if he had any good soap. The shop-keeper 17. He asked me if I had any business he could arrange for me.
replied that he had but that it was rather expensive. The customer A. He said to me, 'Have you any business I can arrange for you?
said that he did not mind how expensive it was and asked him to give 18. I asked her if she did not mind serving under an Indian. Her firm
him two cakes as quickly as possible. reply was she did not at all mind it.
A. He said to the shop-keeper, 'Have you any good soap?' A. I said to her, 'Do you mind serving under an Indian?'
The shop-keeper said, 'I have but it is rather expensive. The customer Her firm reply was, 'I do not at all mind it'.
said. 'I do not mind how expensive it is. Give me two cakes as quickly
19. He asked Rama to go with him.
as possible.'
A. He said to Rama, 'Go with me'.
9. The Dean asked if I had been to a public school. I replied in the
positive. The Dean asked again if my people could afford the fees 20. Rama replied that he could not do so.
and that sort of thing, I said that I believed so. A. Rama said, 'I cannot do so'.
A. 'Have you been to a public school?' the Dean began. 'Yes', I said. 21. He asked his father when the next letter would come.
'Your people can afford the fees and that sort of thing?' 'I believe so.' A. He said to his father, 'When will the next letter come?'
10. Tom said that he did not want to rest. He requested him to let him 22. His father replied that there might not be another that year.
play on. He further said that he would like nothing better. A. His father said, 'There may not be another this year'.
23. I told him that I had not seen him for months.
SENTENCES WITH PREPOSITONS
A. I said to him, 'I have not seen you for months.'
24. The master requested that they would attend carefully to what he WOw¡+µ¨ "åºHõ~}° =ÚÖ’ Prepositions #∞ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOK«_=» Ú Hõ+=ì¨ ∞~Ú# ÉèÏQÆ=Ú.
was saying.' HÍx H˘xflã¨∂„`åÅ∞ áê\ÕK«=K«∞Û#∞. H˘xfl H˘xfl =∂@Å‰õΩ „Ñ¨`ºÕ Hõ"∞≥ #ÿ Prepositions
A. The master said, 'you will attend carefully to what I am saying'. "å_»=Öˇ#∞. JO^Œ∞=Å¡ ã¨∂„`åÅ=Ö#<Õ "å\˜ LÑ¨Ü≥∂QÆO `≥Å∞ã¨∞HÀ=_»O gÅ∞HÍ^Œ∞.
25. He asked me if I had anything to say.
`«sÊù^Œ∞=Å¡ ÉÏQÍ `≥Å∞ã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û#∞.
A. He said to me, 'Have you anything to say?'
Preposition J#QÍ =ÚO^Œ∞ LOK«|_ç# =∂@. "That which is placed
26. He said that he was tired and that he wished to go to bed.
before.". It is placed before a noun or pronoun to show its relation to some
A. He said, 'I am tired and I wish to go to bed.'
other word or words in the sentence.
27. He asked me where I was going.
XHõ =ºHÎ̃H,˜ XHõ =ã¨∞=Î ÙH˜, XHõ ã¨Å÷ =Ú#‰õÄ W`«~° =ã¨∞=Î ÙÅ‰õÄ QÆÅ ãÖ|O^è=Œ Ú#∞
A. He said to me, 'Where are you going?'
28. He said that the earth moves round the sun.
`≥eÜ«∞KÕÜÚ« =∂@Å#∞ Prepositons JO\Ï~°∞. Prepositon #∞ Noun (<å=∞"åK«H=õ Ú)
A. He said, 'The earth moves round the sun'. ‰õΩQÍx pronoun (ã¨~°fi<å=∞=Ú)‰õΩQÍx =ÚO^Œ∞ "å_»=Öˇ#∞.
29. I asked Mary if she would lend me a pencil. WÑ¨C_»∞ U <å=∞"åK«HõO (Noun) ÖË^•, ã¨~°fi<å=∞=Ú (Pronoun) ‰õΩ =ÚO^Œ∞
A. I said to Mary, 'Will you lend me a pencil?' ZÖÏO\˜ qÉèíH˜Î „Ñ¨`«ºÜ«∂xfl (preposition) "å_®Ö’ D „HÕk "åHÍºÅ ^•fi~å
30. He said that though he had come, it was against his will. `≥Å∞ã¨∞HÀO_ç.
A. He said, 'Though I have come, it is against my will.'
1. The secret of success lies in hard work.
31. The speaker said that it gave him great pleasure to be there that 2. By just putting one's faith in fate one cannot hope to gain much.
evening.
3. He didn't give any reply to my question.
A. The speaker said, 'It gives me great pleasure to be here this evening.'
4. His stories are full of humour.
32. Hari asked Rama if he had read the letter. 5. The Principal will be on leave for two months from the 15th of this
A. Hari said to Rama, 'Have you read the letter'? month.
33. The king asked the philosopher whom he considered the happiest 6. Some management find themselves at the mercy of the trade union
man living. leaders.
A. The king said to the philosopher, 'Whom do you consider the happiest 7. There was an acute shortage of food that year on account of the
man living?' failure of the monsoon.
34. The magistrate said to the prisoner, 'What he was doing with his 8. The room was filled with the sweet smell of roses.
hand in the gentleman's pocket?' 9. Man does not live by bread alone.
A. The magistrate said to the prisoner, 'What are you doing with your 10. The Municipality is planting trees along the main roads.
hand in the gentleman's pocket?' 11. The twins look so exactly alike that you can't distinguish one from
35. He advised his sons not to quarrel among themselves when he was the other.
dead but to remain united. 12. On my way back I will call at the hospital and see our friend.
A. He said to his sons, 'Don't quarrel among yourselves when I am dead 13. Mr. Roy lives in a house at Tambaram.
but remain united.' 14. Don't worry in finding your way to my house.
I will write down the instruction in full to you.
15. Since the prisoner was hard of hearing, questioning him in detail 20. Look at that new suit.
was not easy. 21. We stood in silence.
16. My uncle lives at Vidyanagar, a small town in Hyderabad. 22. Can you translate English into Hindi?
17. I live at kolakalur, a village near Tenali. My brother-in-law also lives 23. He was accused of stealing a watch
in the same village. 24. I acquainted him with the facts of the case.
18. How long have you lived in this village?
25. Are you tired of waiting?
19. Are you staying in Ajanta Hotel or at Brindavan Hotel?
26. He left in the morning.
20. He left for Bombay at noon on July 1st.
27. He left on the morning of March 10th.
21. He was very busy even on Sunday.
28. I listened to the music over the radio.
22. I called at his house at eight O' clock in the morning.
29. The workers were on strike.
23. He left on the morning of August 10th.
30. I prefer oranges to apples.
24. I was born in 1940.
31. He is angry with his servant.
25. I have known him since a long time.
32. You can reach the museum by bus within ten minutes.
26. He has been in prison for the last two years.
33. Padma has great affection for her father.
27. I haven't met him since my marriage.
34. He was invited to dinner.
28. We have been waiting for more than an hour.
35. This slick differs from that by a length of one foot.
II. Put the correct prepositions in the blanks spaces :-
36. I must provide myself with an umbrealla.
1. I shall meet you at 4-30 on Saturday afternoon.
37. He was condemned to death for murder.
2. Mr. Suresh is on the Senate of the University.
38. He is ignorant of the elementary rules of health.
3. He has not been in good health for two years.
39. This man is eligible for the post.
4. He seized me by the arm.
5. The two countries are constantly at war. 40. He is careful with his money.
6. Don't go out in the rain. 41. He is careless of his health.
7. Children are fond of sweets. 42. His teachers are displeased with his work.
8. Man does not live by bread alone. 43. Could you supply me with a note book?
9. I bought it for five rupees. 44. He is accustomed to hard work in every kind of weather.
10. I arrived at the office at half past ten. 45. I cannot agree with you completely.
11. We stayed at a place beside the sea-side. 46. He congratulated him on his success.
12. You should get up at the right time. 47. He jumped at my offer.
13. We arrived in Bombay at rise in the morning. 48. He is capable of doing hard-work.
14. I wondered at his skill. 49. I was disgusted with his talk.
15. She is good at music. 50. The head master is very popular with his students.
16. Two boys passed by the cottage. III. Fill in the blanks with suitable PREPOSITIONS :-
17. When shall I start for New Delhi? 1. My friend reminded me of our appointment this evening.
18. He suffered from boils. 2. The judge convicted the accused of murder.
19. I have an account in this bank. 3. The manager approved of my suggestion.
4. He wants to dispose of his house and build a new one. 15. This Pongal gift is meant for you.
5. We should not put up with this kind of treatment. 16. We hoist our National Flag on the 15th August in the morning.
6. Mr. Roy, our neighbour has invited us to dinner tomorrow. 17. He alighted from the train at Poona at 3 O' clock in the evening.
7. I must apologize to you for this mistake. 18. He came on foot with an umbrella which he had obtained on loan,
8. The President congratulated the winning team on its splendid victory. and with an air-bag which he had got by theft.
9. Very young children depend on their parents for all their needs. 19. A child is not able to distinguish good from evil.
10. The clerks grembled at the low pay they were getting. Death does not distinguish between the rich and the poor.
11. The police are responsible for the maintenance of law and order. 20. I had to arrange a large party and had to provice some five hundred
12. I am quite satisfied with your work. guests with food. But I had no experience in such work and was
quite ignorant of the art of catering.
13. The bus ran short of petrol and stopped.
21. My brother lives in Bombay at a place called Vile-Parle.
14. Tobacco in any form is injurious to health.
22. He was standing beside her.
15. Be content with what you have.
23. There is no arrangement among the Great Powers about a treaty to
16. His life was dedicated to the service of the poor.
ban nuclear weapons.
17. The tourist was not familiar with the customs of the country.
24. I have been waiting here for a long time.
18. I am grateful to you for all your kindness.
25. The land was ploughed by the farmer with the help of a tractor.
19. He was not acquainted with the language I spoke.
26. The Congress Session will be held from Monday to Friday.
20. The judgement of the High Court was favourable to the Government.
27. The Collector will interview candidates between 9 and 11 a.m.
21. He was found guilty of neglect of duty and was dismissed.
28. He was born at Vikrampur, a village in Bengal.
22. Is not learning Preferable to wealth?
29. Divide this between the two of you.
IV. Fill in the blanks with suitable PREPOSITIONS:-
30. As he fell into debt, he decided to sell his house and live in a small
1. The Minister expressed his concern for the people affected by the hut.
floods.
31. I have been studying here since last year.
2. Our connection with that business was served many years ago.
V. Fill in the blanks with suitable phrase PREPOSITONS :-
3. He has no capacity for sustained work. 1. She was standing in front of the mirror.
4. Please pay attention to what I am going to say. 2. On behalf of the Students Union, I thank you most heartily.
5. There is an exception to every rule. 3. I went to Delhi, in order to attend a conference.
6. Fifty members voted in favour of the resolution. 4. In spite of my best efforts, I could not win the elections.
7. We have no hope of finding our lost dog. 5. A mother will undergo any difficulty for the sake of her child.
8. Raghu is no match to Sunil in table-tennis. 6. We were given a holiday due to the busmen's stirke.
9. 'Have you any objection to my coming in dhoti and shirt?' 7. In stead of complaining to the Government, let us try to help
10. The clerk made a request for a month's leave. ourselves.
8. The millionaire in the course of his speech, referred to his poverty
11. Harischandra spent his life in troubles.
and suffering in his early days.
12. Distribute these grapes among you four. 9. I can get you a room, out with regard to food, you will have to make
13. The ball fell into a well. your own arrangements.
14. Finish answering the paper within three hours. 10. They climbed to the first floor window by means of rope ladders.
VI. Fill in the blanks with appropriate PREPOSITIONS :- 33. He is vain of his attainments.
1. He quarrelled with me over a trifle. 34. He is vexed with me.
2. She readily complied with my request. 35. She is indifferent to her own interest.
3. He dispensed with the services of his dishonest clerk. 36. He is proficient in mathematics.
4. He yielded to superior force. 37. He is not ashamed of his conduct.
5. He despaired of success. 38. He is devoid of sense.
6. He supplies the poor with clothing 39. He is suspicious of all his neighbours.
7. His friends disagreed with him on that point. 40. He has a passion for arguing.
8. He acceeded to my request. 41. Recently there has been a reduction in the price of milk.
9. He abstains from liquour. 42. He proved false to his friend.
10. He is incapable of doing good work. 43. A square may be equivalent to a triangle.
11. He is married to my cousin. 44. He is very different from his brother.
12. He is true to his king. 45. He was born of humble parents in Nasik.
13. He is involved in difficulties. 46. His views do not accord with mine.
14. The auditor is entitled to his remuneration. VII. Fill in the blanks with appropriate PREPOSITONS :
15. I prefer tea to coffee. 1. Contentment is essential to happiness.
16. I do not concur with you about that opinion. 2. Early rising is beneficial to health.
17. There is no exception to this rule. 3. Only graduates are eligible for the post.
18. We should rely on our own efforts. 4. That rule is not applicable in your case.
19. I enquired of the servant of his master was at home. 5. I often find him absorbed in thought.
20. I purposely refrained from saying more. 6. The hotel is adjacent to the station.
21. I insisted on going. 7. I often find him absorbed in thought.
22. I exchanged with him my gramophone for a camera. 8. He is addicated to gambling.
23. I assented to his proposal. 9. You need not be afraid of being late.
24. You must conform to the regulations. 10. Death is preferable to disgrace.
25. He did not profit by experience. 11. Some films are an incitement to crime.
26. We should all aim at excellence. 12. He was angry with me, because he thought my remarks was aimed at
27. Alcohol is injurious to health. him.
28. He is innocent of the crime. 13. His plans are adverse to my interests.
29. The stories in that book are full of interest. 14. The climate of Rangoon does not agree with him.
30. He is dependent on his parents. 15. He scoffed at the idea of revolution.
31. He is grateful to his master for many favours. 16. He restored the article to its rightful owner.
32. He is prompt in carrying out orders. 17. The ultimate decision rests with the board of directors.

18. He died wihtout imparting to anyone the secret of his process. 18. She was killed by the thief with an axe.
19. The facts point to a different explanation. 19. A wiseman is careful of his money. He does not waste it on luxuries.
20. His friends prevalied on him to withdraw his resignation. 20. He swears by God that he is a devil at heart.
21. Some boys are not amenable to discipline. 21. Men of great heart and action are always admired by people.
22. The soil of Poona is favourable to roses. 22. The foot-ball match was played at Lal Bahadur Stadium at 5 p.m. on
23. I am sick of the whole business. Monday, the 8th April 1974 and it ended in a goalless draw.
24. He is too miserly to part with his money. 23. He was born at Plymouth in England.
25. Hard work is indespensable to success in life. 24. The rains fall on the eath, the rivers flow into the occean.
26. Examinations act as an incentive to diligence. 25. Puran called at his house at none O' clock in the morning.
27. A brave boy resuced the child from danger. 26. She takes after her mother.
28. Birbal is celebrated for his withy sayings. 27. The snake bit him as he went along the road.
29. My brother is weak in mathematics. 28. He sailed to England at his own expense with the hope of getting a
degree.
30. He is ignorant of what he pretends to know.
29. I left for Adayar on 1st July.
31. Invalids are not capable of continued exertion.
30. It is foolish on your part to go in the rain with your umbrella.
32. The Indian Parliament is Composed of two Henses.
31. I shall be on holiday from tommorrow.
VIII. Complete the following with suitable prepositions :-
32. The house could not be finished for lack of funds.
1. The boy is placed under his care.
33. She died of cholera at a young age.
2. Children are fond of boys.
34. He was taken for a traveller by all the villagers.
3. To the surprise of all, Rama gave up smoking.
35. One kilogram of sugar is sold for eight rupees.
4. She swam to the opposite bank of the river.
36. He always failed for want of help.
5. I have to reconcile myself with the loss of the umbrella.
37. None but the brave deserves the fair.
6. As he drove along the road, he found it smoother and smoother.
38. The city of Patna is in the state of Bihar.
7. We travelled by plane.
39. I prefer a book of travels to one of pleasures.
8. Can you do something for me?
40. He is taller than you by two inches.
9. I will be at the station to meet you.
41. She wore a wreth of roses.
10. I wrote to my mother yesterday.
42. We are now within three miles from the house.
11. The baby has been crying since morning.
43. Can you cure me of this disease?
12. He goes to church on Sunday.
44. I differ from you entirely on this point.
13. You can write with a pencil or in ink.
45. She has a bad habit of arguing with other persons.
14. The Chairman acceded to the request of the members.
46. The culprit craved for pardon and succeeded in getting it.
15. I was by nature blind to the faults of others.
47. The workers have been on strike since July.
16. We do not go to school on Sundays.
48. We sheltered from the rain in a cave overhung by creepers.
17. His house was by the river in Haridwar.
2. CORRELATIVE CONJUCTIONS :
CONJ U C TI
CON O NS
TIO Pairs of conjuctions like 'neither-nor', whether-or, so-that, so-as, such
A conjuction is a word which is used to join words or sentences or that, both-and, Though-yet-are related to each other and are called
phrases. Correlative Conjunctions.
There are three kinds of Conjunctions : e.g.1. I can neither read nor speak Urdu.
1. Co-ordinating Conjuctions. 2. I can't say whether she will come or not.
2. Correlative Conjuctions. 2. The weather is fine. We shall go out now. (Compound)
3. Subordinating Conjuctions. A. The weather being fine, we shall go out now. (Simple)
1. Conjuctions like "and' are called co-ordinating Conjuctions. Co- II. Formation of Compound Sentences :
ordinating conjuctions join two grammatical units of the same kind- (a) And KÕ`«QÍx , But KÕ`«QÍx U~°Ê_»∞#q.
that is, noun and noun, adjective and adjective, adverb and adverb, e.g.1. She went to her house. She found her father there.
etc.
A. She went to her house and found her father there.
"And" ÖÏO\˜ Conjunctions #∞ Co-ordinating Conjucntions JO^Œ∞~°∞. 2. She went to her house. She did not enter.
XˆH~°Hõ"≥∞ÿ# Ô~O_»∞ Units #∞ J#QÍ XHõ <å=∞"åK«Hõ=Ú, =∞iÜ≥ÚHõ A. She went to her house, but did not enter.
<å=∞"åK«Hõ=Ú, XHõ qâı+¨}=Ú, =∞iÜ≥ÚHõ qâı+¨}=Ú, XHõ J=ºÜ«∞=Ú (b) "And so" KÕ`« U~°Ê_»∞#k.
=∞iÜ≥ÚHõ J=ºÜ«∞=Ú#∞ HõÅ∞Ñ¨Ù#q. e.g.: She studied well. She will succeed.
e.g.1. Men and women had gathered in large numbers at the meeting. She studied well and so she will succeed.
2. She spoke loudly and clearly. (c) "Neither-nor" Å KÕ`«"Either-or" Å KÕ`«QÍx U~°Ê_»∞#q.
3. She wore blue and green bangles. e.g.1. The boys were not present. The girls were not present.
=∞iH˘xfl "å\˜x LÑ¨Ü≥∂yOK«∞ "åHõº=ÚÅ∞ D kQÆ∞= DÜ«∞|_ç#q:– A. Neither the boys nor the girls were present.
2. The dog maybe in the room. The cat may be in the room.
1. OR : Give me a ball pen or pencil
A. Either the dog or the cat may be in the room.
2. FOR : I wish to see the officer, for I have to talk to him
urgently III. Formation of Complex Sentence :
3. BUT : She wrote to him, but he did not reply. (a) By a Noun Clause :
4. STILLNESS : It's very difficult to achieve the stillness of mind. 1. She is very happy there. She says so.
5. YET : She is rich, yet she is unhappay. A. She says that she is very happy there.
6. SO : The patient's condition was bad, so they took him 2. She plays well. We all know about it.
to hospital. A. We all know that she plays well.
7. OTHERWISE : You should run, otherwise you cannot catch the 3. Do you know the way to the station? I want to know that.
train. A. I want to know whether you know the way to the station.
8. NOR : He has not come to see me, nor has he sent me a (b) By an Adjective Clause :
message.
1. This is the book. I bought it in Bombay.
9. NEITHER : He has not come to see me, neither has he given
A. This is the book which I bought in Bombay.
me a message.
2. She told us a story. It was very interesting.
10. AS WELL AS : Ram as well as his brother is studying medicine.
A. She told us a story which was very interesting.
3. He is the person. We met him yesterday. 13. I was sorry when I heard the news. (Complex)
A. He is the person whom we met yesterday. A. I was sorry to hear the news.
(c) By an Adverb Clause : II. Change the following into Complex Sentences :
1. The College was closed. We had a holiday. 1. She was very sorry to miss the beginning of the speech. (Simple)
A. As the college was closed, we had a holiday. A. She was very sorry that she missed the beginning of the speech.
2. It rains heavily. We play inside. 2. He came in quietly so as not to wake the child. (Simple)
A. We play inside when it rains heavily. A. He came in quietly so that he might not wake the child.
3. Follow my advice or you will be in difficulties 3. Tell me your age. (Simple)
A. If you do not follow my advice, you will be in difficulties. A. Tell me how old you are or Tell me what your age is.
4. Seeing the cat, the dog jumped up. (Simple)
EXERCISE - I
A. When it saw the cat, the dog Jumped up.
I. He seized his stick and rushed to the door. (Compound)
5. He was not there, so I spoke to his father. (Compound)
A. Seizing his stick, he rushed to the door.
A. As he was not there, so I spoke to this father.
2. As it was a very hot day, I stayed indoors. (Complex)
6. Follow my advice, or you will be in trouble. (Compound)
A. The day, being hot, I stayed indoors.
A. If you follow my advice, you will not be in trouble
3. Though he is poor, he is honest.
or If you do not follow my advice, you will be in trouble.
A. In spite of his poverty, he is honest.
7. He was too weak to speak. (Simple)
4. We sow that we may reap. (Complex)
A. He was so weak that he could not speak.
A. We sow in order to reap.
8. We eat to live. (Simple)
5. This coffee is so hot that I cannot drink it. (Complex)
A. We eat so that we may live.
A. This coffee is too hot to drink (it.) 9. Is this the way to do it? (Simple)
6. She hopes that she will know by tomorrow. (Complex) A. Is this the way that you should do it?
A. She hopes to know by tomorrow. 10. They fought most valiantly, but they were defeated (Compound)
7. Wait till your brother arrives. (Complex) A. Although they fought most valiantly, they were defeated.
A. Wait till your brother's arrival. 11. He failed to prove his innocence. (Simple)
8. People don't like him because he is proud. (Complex) A. He failed to prove that he was innocent.
A. People don't like him for (because of) his pride. 12. He is too lean for a soldier. (Simple)
9. I supposed he was honest. (Complex) A. He is so lean that he is unfit to be a soldier.
A. I supposed him to be honest. 13. I don't know the time of his arrival. (Simple)
10. It is certain that he will break his promise. (Complex) A. I don't know when he will arrive.
A. His breaking of his promise is a certainty. III. Change the following into Compound Sentences :
11. He admitted that he was guilty. (Complex) 1. He was sent to prison for reckless driving. (Simple)
A. He admitted his guilt. A. He drove recklesly and so he was sent to prison.
12. You should work hard so that you can get a first class. (Complex) 2. Owing to ill-health, he has postponed the trip to Bombay.(Simple)
A. You should work hard to get a first class. A. He is having ill-health and so he has postponed his trip to Bombay.
3. You must study hard to win the gold medal. (Simple) 4. The old man sat near the fire, smoking and drinking.
A. Study hard and win the gold medal. A. The old man sat near the fire and went on smoking and drinking.
4. In spite of my advice, he gave up his studies. (Simple) 5. By his pleasant manner, the boy became popular.
A. I advised him not to, yet he gave up his studies. A. The boy had a pleasant maner and so he became popular.
5. Hearing a noise, I turned round. (Simple) 6. In this event of our going abroad, we shall sell this house.
A. I heard a noise and so I turned round. A. Suppose we go abroad, then we shall sell this house.
6. After he had done his lessons he went out to play tennis. 7. They were forbidden to re-enter the country on pain of death
(Complex)
A. They were told not to re-enter the country, otherwise they would be
A. He had done his lessons and then he went out to play tennis. put to death.
7. If you don't hurry, you can't meet him. (Complex) 8. The flood having washed away the bridge, communications were
A. Please do hurry or you can't meet him. disrupted.
8. He stood up so that he could see better. (Complex) A. The flood washed away the bridge, and so communications were
A. He stood up and so he could see better. disrupted.
9. As he was poor, he could not afford to buy books. (Complex) 9. In spite of his being ill, he continued to work.
A. He was poor and so he could not afford to buy books. A. He was ill, but still he continued to work.
10. Besides scolding me, he also beat me. (Single) 10. In addition to his valuable advice, he gives them financial assistance.
A. He not only scolded me, but also beat me. A. He gives not only valuable advice but aslo financial assistance.
11. You must run to catch the train. (Simple) II. Convert the following Compound Sentences into Simple
A. You must run or you won't catch the train. Sentences :
12. Owing to illness, he could not attend the meeting. (Simple) 1. You must take your medicine, otherwise you cannot get well.
A. He was ill and therefore could not attend the meeting. A. You must take your medicine in order to get well.
13. Having gone to the college, I met the Principal. (Simple) 2. The storm subsided and we continued our journey.
A. I went to the college and met the Principal. A. The storm having subsided, we continued our journey.
14. You must not be late on pain of punishment. (Simple) 3. Not only the crops, but cattle and sheep also were destroyed by the
A. You must not be late or you will be punished. flood.
15. John, being very hungry, ate all the cakes (Simple) A. In addition to the crops, the cattle and sheep were destoryed by the
A. John was very hungry, so he ate all the cakes. flood.
EXERCISE - II 4. He is rich, yet he is not happy.
I. Change the following Simple Sentences into Compound Sentences:
A. In spite of his being rich, he is not happy.
1. Being innocent, he never thought of running away. 5. You must not repeat this, otherwise you will be dismissed.
A. He was innocent and so he never thought of running away. A. In the event of your repeating this, you will be dismissed.
2. Besides being thrown into jail, he was heavily fined. 6. The sun set and we decided to go home.
A. He was not only thrown into the jail, but also was heavily fined. A. The sun having set, we decided to go home.
3. Owing to a friend's intervention, he was later released. 7. He not only robbed the old man, but killed him.
A. His friend intervened and therefore he was later released. A. Besides robbing the old man, he killed him.

8. You must apologise or else you will be punished. 2. Can you tell me where he lives?
A. In the event of your not apologizing, you will be punished. A. Can you tell me his residence?
9. We were shocked because all our hopes were shattered. 3. There was no harm done to the car except that the wind, screen was
A. We were socked at all our hopes being shattered. cracked.
10. Hurry up or you will miss the train. A. There was no harm done to the car except the cracking of the wind-
screen.
A. In the event of your not hurrying up, you will miss the train.
4. That he is seldom sober is well-known.
III. Convert the following Simple Sentences into Complex Sentences:
A. His lack of soberity is well-konwn.
1. Sudhir admitted his guilt.
5. We wanted to know when the guest would arrive.
A. Sudhir admitted that he was guality.
A. We wanted to know the time of the arrival of the guest.
2. The Headmaster is likely to punish him.
6. That I have failed once does not discourage me.
A. It is likely that the Headmaster will punish him.
A. My failure once does not discourage me.
3. I have informed him of our success.
7. A man who is generous will have many friends.
A. I have informed him that we have succeeded.
A. A generous man will have many friends.
4. Bhogle is said to be a clever lawyer.
8. He is a man who has risen by his own efforts.
A. It is said that Bhogle was a clever lawyer.
A. He has risen by his own efforts.
5. His looks proclaim his innocence.
9. Gulliver came upon a country where there were only dwarfs.
A. His looks proclaim that he is innocent.
A. Gulliver came upon a country of dwarfs.
6. The reason for his arrest is still unknown.
10. Can you find no work that you can do?
A. Why he is arrested, is still unknown.
A. Can you find no work of your choice?
7. Robin is a man of great talent.
11. As the man was not there, I left a message for him
A. Robin is a man that has great talent.
A. In the absence of the man there, I left a message for him.
8. Suresh was the first to offer his services.
12. Wherever Gandhiji went large crowds followed him.
A. Suresh was the first that offered his services.
A. Gandhiji was followed by large crowds every where.
9. Being an air hostess she has seen most of the world
A. As she is an air-hostes, she has seen most of the world. EXERCISE - III
10. The fog having lifted, the plane took off. I. Convert the following sentences into a Simple Sentecne :
A. When the fog lifted, the plane took off. 1. His dinner was over. He lay down for a short sleep. (Compound)
11. In spite of all precautions, the dam burst. A. His dinner being over, he lay down for a short sleep.
A. Though all precautions were taken, the dam burst. or He lay down for a short sleep after finishing his dinner.
12. Let us wait till his arrival. 2. The crow was thirsty. It tried to drink the water in a pot.
A. Let us wait until he arrives. (Compound)
IV. Convert the following Complex Sentences into Simple Sentences: A. The crow, being thirsty, tried to drink the water in a pot.
1. He insisted that he should be admitted. 3. I looked out of the window. I saw a car outside. (Compound)
A. He insisted on his admission. A. Looking out of the window, I saw a car outside.

4. Your idea is absurd. I cannot accept it. A. Although the baby was born, the father came to know of it two days
A. I cannot accept your absurd idea. later.
or Your idea being absurd, I cannot accept it. 9. You asked her. That may be true. (Compound)
5. A son was born to him. He heard the news. He was very glad. A. What you asked her, may be true.
A. He was very glad to hear the news of the birth of his son. 10. He lives in a certain house. Do you know the house? (Compound)
6. I gave him a rupee. He thanked me (Compound) A. Do you know the house where he lives?
A. He thanked me for giving him a rupee. EXERCISE - IV
7. We did not succeed. We have done out best. (Compound) I. Transform the following simple sentences into complex sentences:
A. In spite of our doing best, we did not succeed. 1. He died of starvation.
8. The game was over. Everyone rushed home. (Compound) A. He died as he starved.
A. The game being over, everyone rushed home. 2. You must work hard to get success.
or Everyone rushed home after the completion of the game. A. You must work hard so that you may get success.
9. He will keep his promise. He will pay you the money. 3. The sun having set, we rested for the day.
(Compound) A. As the sun had set, we rested for the day.
A. He will pay you the money according to his promise. 4. He speaks like a born orator.
10. His car must be obtained. I do not mind the cost. (Compound) A. He speaks as if he is a born orator.
A. His car must be obtained irrespective of the cost. 5. His silence is misunderstood.
II. Convert the following sentecnes into Complex Sentences : A. They misunderstood him, because he is silent.
1. He was tired. He went to bed early. (Compound) 6. You must hurry to meet him.
A. As he was tire, he went to bed early. A. You must hurry so that you can meet him.
2. This is the house. I was telling you about it. (Compound) 7. He works hard for a living.
A. This is the house which I was telling about.
A. He works hard so that he can live.
3. I gave you the letter. Have you read it?
8. His words were not received with pleasure.
A. Have you read the letter which I gave you?
A. His words were such that they could not please them.
4. Please come early, I want to be there in time. (Compound)
9. I am hopeful of victory.
A. As I want to be there in time, please come early.
A. I hope that I can get a victory.
5. We want good seats. So you must come by 2-30. (Compound)
10. In my home in the village, we have many fruit trees.
A. As we good seats. So you must come by 2-30.
A. We have many fruit trees in my house which is in the village.
6. You say it. But I do not agree with you about it. (Compound)
II. Transform the following sentences into compound sentences :
A. Whatever you say, I do not agree with you about it.
1. He declared his intentions of going abroad.
7. The flower is beautiful. No one knows its name. (Compound)
A. He declared his intention and it was to go abroad.
A. Though the flower is beautiful, no one knows its name.
2. Have you heard the news of his death?
8. The baby was born. The father came to know of it two days latter.
A. He died and have you heard of it?
(Compound)
3. In spite of my warning, he failed to take note of the coming danger. 9. Muslims avow that they would fast in the month of Ramzan.
A. I warned him but he failed to take note of the coming danger. (Complex)
4. Being lame, he uses crutches. A. Muslims avow to fast in the month of Ramzan.
A. He is lame and so he uses crutches. 10. Let us feel happy as we go ahead.
5. This is your home. A. Going ahead, we feel happy.
A. This is the home and it belongs to you. EXERCISE - V
6. He works hard for a living. I. Rewrite as difected :-
A. He wants to live and so he works hard. 1. The explanation which he gave was not to the point (Into Simple)
7. He shouted for joy. A. His explanation was not to the point.
A. He was joyful and so he shouted. 2. I have no money that I can spare. (Into Simple)
8. This is not the sort of place where you can get rich anywhere. A. I have no money to spare.
A. Leave this sort of place and you can get rich anywhere. 3. Standing on the top of a hill, the captain watched the fighting of his
9. The girl with blue eyes is my sister. men. (Into Compound)
A. She is my sister and she has blue eyes. A. The captain stood on the top of a hill and watched the fighting of his
10. The boy wearing a blue shirt is my son. men.
A. The boy is my son and he is wearing a blue shirt. 4. Mary was too poor to buy a good present for her mother.
III. Change the following into Simple Sentences : (Into Complex)
1. Even though he spoke the truth, he was not spared. (Complex) A. Many was so poor that she could not buy a good present for her
mother.
A. In spite of his speaking the truth, he was not spared.
5. Is this the way to do it? (Into Complex)
2. It is uncertain to predict how long the war goes on. (Complex)
A. Is this the way that you should do it?
A. It is uncertain to predict the period of the war.
6. He stood up so that he could see better. (Into compound)
3. People suspected that he had a share in the plot. (Complex)
A. He wanted to see better and so he stood up.
A. People suspected of his having a share in the plot.
7. He put away his books. He felt tired (Into complex)
4. He is not foolish and so he will not accept your offer. (Complex)
A. He put away his books because he felt tired.
A. He will not accept you offer foolishly.
or
5. He has gone to a place from where no one returns. (Complex)
As he felt tired, he put away his books.
A. He is dead. 8. You gave me a pen. It is a very good one.(Into complex & Simple)
6. I know the place where roses grow. (Complex) A. The pen which you gave me is a very good one. (Complex)
A. I know the growing place of roses. A. You gave me a very good pen. (Simple.)
7. She behaved as brave lady ought to. (Complex) 9. It is very cold, We cannnot go out. (Into Simple)
A. She behaved like a brave lady. A. It is too cold to go out.
8. Have you heard the news that a son is born to me? (Complex) 10. As soon as the chief guest arrived, the play started. (Into Simple)
A. Have you heard the news about the birth of my son? A. The play started after the arrival of the chief guest.
11. Though he had made sincere efforts, he was not promoted.

(Into simple) CL
CLA AUSE AN ANA A LYSIS
A. In spite of his making sincere efforts, he was not promoted. XHõ ÃÑ^ŒÌ"åHÍºxfl J<ÕHõ"≥∞ÿ# Clause Å∞QÍ q_»Q˘\˜ì P ClauseÅ Ü≥ÚHõ¯
12. The germ is too small to be seen with a naked eye. (Into Complex) ãÖ|O^è•xfl ã¨Ê+¨ìOQÍ K«∂Ñ≤OK«=K«∞Û#∞. nxx "Clause Analysis" Jx JO\Ï~°∞.
A. The germ is so small that it cannot be seen with a naked eye. "åHõºOÖ’x ÉèÏQÍxfl Clause JO\Ï~°∞.
13. It was a very hot day. Yet he went to the Super Bazaar. A clause is a group or combination of words and has a subject and a
(Into Simple) predicate. It contains a finite Verb- that is the verb showing tense, person
and number.
A. In spite of its being hot day, he went to the Super Bazaar. e.g. : She went away to sleep.
14. In spite of mass copying, they failed in the examination. Clauses can be divided into two classes :
(Into Compound) 1. Main clasue or Principal Clause.
A. They mass copied, yet they failed in the exmination. 2. Subordinate Clause.
15. If we do not do our homework, the teacher will punish us. A main clause can stand by itself as a complete sentence, while a
Subordinate Clause cannot stand by itself and is dependent on another
(Into Simple and Compound) clause.
A. In the event of our not doing our home work, the teacher will punish A. My friend who is a professor and whose youngest son is an engineer
us. (Simple) lives in Calcutta, the capital of West Bengal, which has many schools
A. We must do our home-work Otherwise the teacher will punish us. and colleges.
(Compound) (c) By using an Adverb Clause ;
16. Hearing a noise, I turned round (Into Compound) 1. He has not done the work. I want to know the reason.
A. I want to know the reason why he has not done the work.
A. I heard a noise and I turned round.
2. He was sent to prison. He had stoled money.
17. People dislike him because he is rude. (Into Simple)
A. He was sent to prison, because he had stolen money.
A. People dislike him for his rudeness. III. Two or more Single Sentences may he combined into a Compound
18. You are sad. Can you tell me the reason? (Into simple) Sentence with the help of Co-ordinating Conjunctions :
A. Can you tell me the reason of your sadness? Note : There are four kinds of Co-ordinating Conjunctions - Cumulative,
Alternative, Adversative and Illative.
19. Unless you keep quiet, you will be fined. (Into Compound)
(a) Cumulative Conjunctions :
A. Keep quiet or you wil be fined.
And, as well as, not only-but also etc.
20. He saw the lion and at once he ran away. (Into Complex) 1. He lost his ticket. He also lost his luggage.
A. As soon as he saw the lion, he ran away. A. He lost not only his ticket but also his luggage.
21. He is too exhausted to walk. (Into Complex) 2. She has made a mistake. She has no doubt about it.
A. He is so exhausted that he cannot walk. A. She has made a mistake and she has no doubt about it.
(b) Alternative Conjunctions :
b Or, else, either - or, neither- nor, otherwise.
1. Conquer your passions. They will conquer you.
A. Conquer passions or they will conquer you. A. He came upon me very suddenly, so I had no time to run off.
2. Hurry up. You will miss the train. II. Combine each of the following pairs of simple sentences into
A. Hurry up, otherwise you will miss the train. one Complex Sentence :
(c) Adversative Conjunctions : 1. He wil deceive you. It is certain.
But, only, yet, while, nevertheless, however, etc. A. It is certain that he will deceive you.
1. He is poor. He is contented. 2. The Chief Minister is going to visit our town. Tom says so.
A. He is poor, but he is contented. A. Tom says that the Chief Minnister is going to visit our town.
2. She was ill. She attend the meeting. 3. Somebody called. I did not know him.
A. She was ill, nevertheless she atteded the meeting. A. I did not know who called me.
3. He has failed. His brother has passed. 4. Why are you late? Tell me.
A. He has failed, while his brother has passed. A. Tell me why you are late.
(d) Illative Conjunctions : 5. He is in many difficulties. He is cheerful.
For, so, therefore, consequently, etc. A. He is cheerful, though he is in many difficulties.
1. The bag was heavy. I could not carry it. 6. I did not go. He did not call me.
A. The bag was heavy, therefore I could not carry it. A. I did not go because he did not call me.
2. She stopped singing. She was tired. 7. He has not done the work. I want to know the reason.
A. She was tire, so she stopped singing. A. I want to know the reason why he has not done the work.
8. Who wrote David Copperfield? Can you tell me that?
EXAMPLES - I
A. Can you tell me who the author of David Copperfield was.
I. Combine each of the following pairs of simple sentences into
III. Combine each of the following pairs of simple sentences into
one Compound Sentence :
one Simple Sentence :
1. I respect him. He is great scholar.
1. He is very old. He cannot walk.
A. He is a great scholar, so I respect him.
A. He is too old to walk.
2. Walk quickly. You cannot overtake him.
2. I shall get the job. I hope so.
A. Walk quickly otherwise you cannot overtake him.
A. I hope to get the job.
3. I ran fast. I failed to catch the bus.
3. He bought a new car. Its cost was Rs. 25,000/-
A. I ran fast, but I failed to catch the bus.
A. He bought a new car at a cost of Rs. 25,000/-
4. Tom is at home. John has gone out.
4. He lost his balance. He fell off the bicycle.
A. Tom is at home, but John has gone out.
A. Having lost his balance, he fell off the bicycle.
5. I went to the shop. I bought a pen.
5. I went to the station. I wanted to see him off.
A. I went to the shop and I bought a pen.
A. I went to the station to see him off.
6. He fell down from the bicycle. He hurt his leg. 6. He felt tired. He put away his books.
A. He fell down from the bicycle, so he hurt his leg. A. Foeeling tired, he put away his books.
7. He is studying hard. He wants to get a first class. 7. The police arrived. The mob dispersed.
A. He wants to get a first class, so he is studying hard. A. The mob dispersed at the arrival of the police.
8. He came upon me very suddenly. I had no time to run off. 8. He has an unplesant duty. He has to do it.
A. He has an unpleasant duty to do. 8. It was about noon. I was going towards my boat.
9. He has a large family. He must provide for them. I saw the print of a man's naked foot on the shore.
A. He has a large family to provide for. I was shocked.
10. I heard the noise. I woke up. A. I was shocked to see the print of a man's naked foot on the shore as
A. On hearing the noise. I woke up. I was going towards my boat at noon.
IV. Combine each of the following groups of sentences into one 9. It was a dark night. I was returning home. My foot struck against a
Simple, Compound or Complex sentence : stump. The stump was hidden. I feel flat.
1. A crow was sitting on a tree. He had a piece of cheese in his mouth. A. On my way home on a dark night. I fell flat when my foot struck
A fox saw it. against a hidden stump.
A. A fox saw a crow sitting on a tree with a piece of cheese in his 10. The young people were attracted to each other. Prospero was pleased
mouth. to see it. He concealed his pleasure. He spoke harshly to them. He
2. The earth has one moon. Jupiter has several moons. Galileo found wished to test Ferdinand's mettle. He commanded him to perform
it. menial tasks.
A. Galileo found that the earth has one moon, while Jupiter has several A. Prospero was pleased to see that the young people were attracted to
moons. each other, but concealing his pleasure and speaking harshly to them
3. Friendship increase happiness. It diminishes misery. Cicero says so. with a view to testing Ferdinand's mettle, commanded him to perform
He is a great Roman orator. menial tasks.
A. Cicero, the great Roman orator says that friendship increases EXAMPLES - II
happiness while it diminishes misery. I. Combine each group of sentences into one Simple Sentecne :
4. The most notable of these sisters was Fran coise Mario. She was left 1. The poem was very difficult.
an orphan. Then she was eleven years old. I could not understand it.
A. Francoise Mario, the most notable of these sisters, was left an orphan A. The poem was too difficult for me to understand.
at the age of eleven.
2. I have some books from the library.
5. My fellow-traveller had a gun. He was boasting of his bravery.
Suddenly a bear came from behind a rock close in front of us. It I must return them today.
stood in our way. It was growling angrily. A. I have some books from the library to return today.
A. A bear, growling angrily and standing in our way came from behind 3. He ran away from this place.
a rock close in front of us while my fellow-traveller with a gun was He wanted to escape arrest.
boasting of his bravery. A. He ran away from this place to escape arrest.
6. He ran to the nearest tree. He dropped his gun. He climbed to a safe 4. I can't buy that house.
place. He did not think of his friend. I don't have the money.
A. Dropping his gun and running to the nearest tree he climbed to a safe A. I don't have the money to buy the house.
place without thinking of his friend.
5. He doesn't listen to any advice.
7. A friend of Dean Swift one day sent him a fish. He sent it through a
servant. The servant had often been on similar errands. He had never He hasn't the patience.
received any favour from the Dean. A. He hasn't the patience to listen to any advice.
A. A friend of Dean Swift one day sent him a fish though a servant, who 6. He has a large family.
had often been on similar errands and who had never received any He must support it.
favour from the Dean. A. He has a large family to support.
7. I heard of your father's death. 8. The manager was pleased with my work.
I was sorry. He gave me an advance increment in my salary.
A. I was sorry to hear of your father's death. A. The manager having been pleased with my work, gave me an advance
8. He heard the news of his son's success. increment in my salary.
He was very happy. 9. He was occupied with some important business.
A. He was very happy to hear the news of his son's success. He refused to see us.
9. Everyone should do his duty. A. Having been occupied with some imporant business, he refused to
Our country expects this. see us.
A. Our country expects everyone to do his duty. 10. I looked out,
I saw a huge cowd.
10. She saw a snake in her room.
A. Looking out, I saw a huge crowd.
She was frightened.
III. Combine each pair of sentences below into a simple sentence :
A. She was frightened to see a snake in her room.
1. Mr. Purandar is our principal.
II. Combine each pair of sentences into a Simple Sentecne :
He is an eminent educationist.
1. I heard a loud noise on the road.
A. Mr. Purandar, our principal, is an eminent educationist.
I went out.
2. His uncle is a rich merchant.
A. Hearing a loud noise on the road, I went out.
He has promised to send Gopal abroad for his higher education.
2. He left his job.
A. Gopal's uncle, a rich merchant, has promised to send him abroad for
He was not satisfied with the salary.
his higher education.
A. Not being satisfied with the salary, he left the job:
3. Tourists seldom miss visiting the Taj.
3. We saw a girl guide.
It is one of the wonders of the world.
She was leading a blind old woman.
A. Tourists seldom miss visiting the Taj, one of the wonders of the world.
A. She saw a girl guide leading a blind woman.
4. My uncle built this bridge.
4. I was very tired.
He is an engineer in the P.W.D.
I soon feel asleep. A. My uncle, an engineer in the P.W.D., built this bridge.
A. Being very tired, I soon fell asleep. 5. Tagore was awarded the Nobel Prize for Girtanjali. It is a collection
5. Hundreds of tourists come to India every year. of beautiful poems.
They Just wish to see the Taj. A. Tagore was awarded the Nobel Prize for Gitanjali, a collection of
A. Hundreds of tourists come to India every year with a view to seeing beautiful poems.
the Taj. 6. Hampi is now a city of ruins.
6. He served the company for forty years. Once it was the capital of the Vijayanagara kingdom.
He choose to retire. A. Hampi, once the capital of the Vijayanagara kingdom, is now a city
A. Having served the company for forty years, he choose to retire. of ruins.
7. She opened the cage. 7. Mr. Dimri is the manager of the firm.
She let the bird fly away. He was a clerk ten years ago.
A. Having opened the cage, she let the bird fly away. A. Mr. Dimri, the manager of firm, was a clerk ten years ago.
8. Last year our Association staged. 'The Merchant of Venice. A. The flower closes its petals at the setting of the sun.
It is a comedy by Shakespeare. 10. Rain has been abundant this year.
A. Last year our Association staged 'The Merchant of Venice, a comedy The price of rice is bound to come down.
by Shakespeare. A. Rain, having been abundant this year, the price of rice is bound to
IV. Combine each pair of sentences below into a simple sentence : come down.
1. The captain was killed in battle. V. Combine each pair of sentences into a simple sentence :
The soliders were in a state of panic. 1. The team has such a splendid record.
A. The captain, having been killed in the battle, the soldiers were in a It is difficult to beat it.
state of panic. A. It is difficult to beat the team with such a splendid record.
2. The Chief Engineer went on leave. 2. He was given the best medical care.
The Assistant Engineer was put in charge of his duties. Still his condition steadily grew worse.
A. The Chief Engineer, having gone on leave, the Assistant Engineer A. In spite of the best medical care, his condition steadily grew worse.
was put in charge of his duties.
3. You helped him.
3. The main road was closed for traffic.
Otherwise he would have been bankrupt.
We had to take a round-about route.
A. But for your help, he would have been bankrupt.
A. The main road, having been closed for traffic, we had to take a
round - about route. 4. The boys are making a great deal of noise.
4. The river was in spate. The teacher is absent.
We could cross it only by boat. A. The boys are making a great deal of noise in the absence of the
teacher.
A. The river having been in spate, we could cross it only by boat.
5. You turn these knobs.
5. The holidays have ended.
You can then open the box.
The students are returning to college.
A. The holidays, having ended, the students are returning to college. A. You can open the box by turning these knobs.
6. He was very happy. 6. There was lack of funds.
His son secured a scholarship to go abroad. The work on the dam had to be stopped.
A. He was very happy over his son having secured a scholarship to go A. The work on the dam had to be stopped for lack of funds.
abroad. 7. The mill had to be reopened.
7. The rains stopped. The public pressed for it.
The sky became clear. A. The mill had to be reopened owing to public pressure.
A. The rains, having stopped, the sky became clear. 8. The pilot was warned not to land.
8. The prosecution failed to prove the charges. Still he chose to land.
The Judge acquitted the accused. A. In spite of the warning not to land, the pilot chose to land.
A. The prosecution, having failed to prove the charges, the judge 9. He has lost his Job.
acquitted the accused. He has also to face the charge of misappropriation of public funds.
9. The sun sets. A. Besides losing his job, he has also to face the charge of
The flower closes its petals. misappropriation of public funds.

VI. Combine each set of sentences below into a single Simple A. He built a beautiful tomb over his wife's grave with lofty arches and
Sentence: a high blue dome.
1. The army was required to surrender. 2. He richly deserves our thanks. He has helped us a great deal. He did
They were not to lay down any condition. not expect anything in return.
A. The army was required to surrender without laying down any A. He richly deserves our thanks for having helped us a great deal without
condition. expecting anything in return.
2. The bridge has to be repaired immediately. 3. A fire broke out near my house. Ir broke out last night. It caused
The cost does not count. great damage. It destroyed several shops.
A. The bridge has to be repaired immediately, irrespective of the cost. A. A fire broke out near my house last night causing great damage by
destroying several shops.
3. The dying man said something.
4. A battle was fought. It was fought between Akbar and Hemu. It was
It was not distinct.
fought at Panipat. It was in the year 1506. It was known as the
A. The dying man's word was not distinct. second battle of Panipat.
4. He hurt the boy. A. The second battle of Panipat was fought between Akbar and Hemu
He had no intention to do so. in the year 1506 at Panipat.
A. He had no intention to hurt the boy. 5. Trees give us shade. They give us also fruit to eat. They give us
5. He accepted my version of the event. wood for our furniture and fuel for cooking.
He did it without any reservation. A. Trees give us shade, fruit to eat, wood for our furniture and fuel for
A. He accepted my version of the event without any reservation. cooking.
6. The patient is responding to treatment. 6. Gandhiji led the country to independence. It was a long struggle
The response is gradual but steady. with the British Government. We call him the Father of the Nation.
A. The patient is responding to treatment gradually but steadily. A. After a long struggle with the British Government, Gandhiji, the
7. He has succeeded. Father of the Nation led the country to independence.
The success is beyond my expectation. 7. The meeting ended in great confusion. It was convened by the
A. He has succeeded beyond my expectation. President. It was convened to make certain amendments to the
constitution of our club.
8. He signed the petition.
A. The president' s meeting to make certain amendments to the
He did this with some reluctance.
constitution of our club ended in great confusion.
A. He signed the petition reluctantly.
8. The guards were vigilant. But the thief managed to escape. He
9. He will pass. escaped at night. He scaled a wall at the back of the jail.
There is no doubt about it. A. In spite of the vigilance of the guards, the thief managed to escape
A. There is no doubt about his success. at night by scaling a wall at the back of the jail.
10. The fox kept jumping at the grapes. VIII. Combine each of the following sets of sentences into a compound
He did not succed. sentence or Complex Sentence :
A. The fox kept jumping at the grapes, but in vain. 1. He is a man of his word.
VII. Combine each set of sentences below into a simple sentence : He will return your money on the promised day.
1. He built a beautiful tomb over his wife's grave. A. He is a man of his word and so will return your money on the promised
It had lofty arches. It had a high blue dome. day.
2. She can sing. 11. Don't be a borrower nor a lender. A loan often loses itself and the
She can play on the veena as well. friend.
A. She can not only sing but play on the veena as well. A. Neither be a borrower nor a lender, for loan often loses both itself
and friend.
3. He is learning German.
12. King Canute was seated on a chair placed on the shore. He ordered
He is leaving for Germany next month on a scholarship. the waves to move back. But they rolled forward with greater force
A. He is leaving for Germany next month on a scholarship and so he is than before.
learning German. A. King Canute sitting in his chair on the shore ordered the waves to
4. He is a millionaire. He is not proud of his wealth. move back, but they rolled forward with greater force than before.
He give liberal contributions for worthy causes. IX. Combine each set of sentences below into a Complex Sentence :
A. Though he is a millionaire, he is not proud of his wealth, but gives 1. He is very efficient. Everyone in his office says this.
liberal contribtions for worthy causes. A. Everyone in his office says that he is very efficient.
5. I expected only a bare pass for him. But he has secured a first class. 2. He will soon be appointed manager. Everyone expects this.
This is more than I expected. A. Everyone expects that he will soon be appointed manager.
A. Although I expected a bare pass for him, he has secured a first class 3. I have seen you somewhere. I cannot remember where.
which is more than I expected. A. I cannot remember where I have seen you.
6. You may read in the library. 4. Don't overeat. You will be ill.
A. Don't overeat lest you should be ill.
You may listen to the radio.
5. He told a lie. He was beaten by this father.
You should not be running about on verandah
A. He was beaten by his father because he told a lie.
A. You may either read in the library or listen to the radio but should
6. Come home before nine. Otherwise Father will rebuke you.
not be running about on the verandah.
A. Come home before nine lest Father should rebuke you.
7. The thieves were caught. I never got back the stolen goods. They
7. The doctor gave me just three doses of a medicine.
were worth about ten thousand rupees.
He was able to cure my disease. I had been suffering from it for
A. Though the thieves were caught, I never got back the stolen goods several years.
worth about ten thousand rupees. A. The doctor gave me Just three doses of a medicine to cure my disease
8. I must catch the seven O' clock train. I have only fifteen minutes. from which I had been suffering from it for several years.
permit me to leave at once. 8. I attempted to move. I could not stir. My arms and legs were strongly
A. As I have only fifteen minutes to catch the seven O' clock train, fastened on each side to the ground. My hair was tied down in the
permit me to leave at once. same manner.
9. Your essay is well written. There are some spelling mistakes. With A. Though I attempt to move, I could not stir as my arms and legs were
spelling mistakes in your writing you cannot get first class marks. strongly fastened on each side to the ground and as my hair was tied
down in the same manner.
A. Your essay is well wirtten, but there are some spelling mistakes in
9. He says one thing. He does another. How can you rely on such a
your writting with which you cannot get first class marks.
man?
10. The aeroplane took off. Ten minutes later it developed trouble. The A. How can you rely on a man who says one thing and does another.

pilot landed it again. No damage was done to the aircraft.
A. The aeroplane developed trouble, ten minutes after its taking off,
but the pilot landed it again without any damage being done to the END
aircraft.

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A. Why can't you come? (Right)

2. I have an urgent business. (Wrong) 5. I shall avail your offer.

121. Not only he scolded me, but he also beat me.

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A. Telugu is a musical language. 22. Chandra Gupta was _ Mauryan Emperor.

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Note : Direct Speech Ö

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11. Though he had made sincere efforts, he was not promoted.

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