Core Java Cheat Sheet – Basics Of Java Programming

Last updated on Jun 14,2019 18.9K Views

Swatee Chand 
Research Analyst at Edureka. A techno freak who likes to explore di erent...

Are you an aspiring Java developer? Well, if you are, then I bet you can make use of this Java Cheat Sheet. Java is known for its
pre-built classes and libraries and sometimes, keeping a track of them becomes a little tricky. So, here I bring you the Core Java
Cheat Sheet.

This cheat sheet will act as a crash course for Java beginners and help you with various fundamentals of Java. 

Core Java Cheat Sheet

Java is an open source programming language that has been changing the face of
the IT market since ages. It  is widely preferred by the programmers as the code
written in Java can be executed securely on any platform, irrespective of the
operating system or architecture of the device. The only requirement is, Java
Runtime Environment (JRE) installed on the system.
Primitive Data Types Java Operators
Let’s start o by learning the primitive data types that Java There are  mainly 8 di erent types of operators available in
o ers: Java:

Data Operator Type Operators

Size Range
Type
Arithmetic +, – , *, ? , %
byte  8 -128..127
=, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=, &=, ^=, |=, <<=, >>=,
Assignment
short  16 -32,768..32,767 >>>=

int  32 -2,147,483,648.. 2,147,483,647 Bitwise ^, &, |

-9,223,372,036,854,775,808.. Logical  &&, ||

long 64
9,223,372,036,854,775,807
Relational <, >, <=, >=,==, !=
oat  32 3.4e-0.38.. 3.4e+0.38
Shift <<, >>, >>>
double  64 1.7e-308.. 1.7e+308
Ternary ?:
char 16 Complete Unicode Character Set
Unary ++x, –x, x++, x–, +x, –x, !, ~
Boolean 1 True, False

Java Variables Java Methods

Variables in Java refers to the name of the reserved memory A method is a set of code that is grouped together to
area.  You need variables to store  any value for the perform a speci c operation. A method is completed in two
computational or reference purpose. steps:

There are 3 types of variable in Java: 1. Method Initialization

2. Method Invocation
1. Local Variables
2. Instance Variables A method can be invoked either by calling it by reference or
3. Static Variables by value.

{public | private} [static] type name [=

expression | value]; {public | private} [static] {type | void}
name(arg1, ..., argN ){statements}

Data Conversion User Input

The process of changing a value from one data type to Java provides three ways to take an input from the user/
another type is known as data type conversion. Data Type console:
conversion is of two types:
1. Using Bu erReader class
1. Widening: The lower size datatype is converted into a 2. Using Scanner class
higher size data type without loss of information. 3. Using Console class
2. Narrowing: The higher size datatype is converted into a
lower size data type with a loss of information.
// Widening // Using BufferReader
(byte<short<int<long<float<double) BufferedReader reader = new
int i = 10; //int--> long BufferedReader(new
long l = i; //automatic type conversion InputStreamReader(System.in));
// Narrowing String name = reader.readLine();
double d = 10.02;
long l = (long)d; //explicit type casting // Using Scanner
// Numeric values to String Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
String str = String.valueOf(value); String s = in.nextLine();
// String to Numeric values int a = in.nextInt();
int i = Integer.parseInt(str);
double d = Double.parseDouble(str); // Using Console
String name = System.console().readLine();

Basic Java Program Compile a Java Program

A basic program in Java will consist of at least the following You need to save your Java Program by the name of the
components: class containing main() method along with .java extension.

1. Classes & Objects className.java

2. Methods
3. Variables Call the compiler using javac command.

javac className

public class Demo{ Finally, execute the program using below code:
public static void main(String[] args)
java className
{ System.out.println("Hello from
edureka!");}
}

Flow Of Control
Iterative Statements Decisive Statements
Iterative statements are used when you need to repeat a set Selection statements  used when you need to choose
of statements until the condition for termination is not met. between alternative actions during execution of the program.
 // for loop //if statement
for (condition) {expression} if (condition) {expression}
// for each loop //if-else statement
for (int i: someArray) {}   if (condition) {expression} else {expression}
// while loop //switch statement
while (condition) {expression} switch (var)
// do while loop { case 1: expression; break; default:
do {expression} while(condition) expression; break; }

Generating a Fibonacci series. Checking the given number is prime or not.

for (i = 1; i <= n; ++i)

{System.out.print(t1 + " + "); if (n < 2) { return false; }
int sum = t1 + t2; for (int i=2; i <= n/i; i++)
t1 = t2; {if (n%i == 0) return false;}
return true;
t2 = sum;}

Creating a pyramid pattern. Finding the factorial using recursion function.

k = 2*n - 2; int factorial(int n)
for(i=0; i<n; i++) { 
{ for(j=0; j<k; j++){System.out.print(" ");} if (n == 0)
k = k - 1; {return 1;}       
for(j=0; j<=i; j++ ){System.out.print("* ");}    else 
System.out.println(); } {return(n * factorial(n-1));}       
 }    

Java Arrays
Single Dimensional (1-D) Multi Dimensional (2-D)
Single Dimensional or 1-D array is a type of linear array in Two Dimensional or 2-D array is an array of an array where
which elements are stored in a continuous row. elements are stored in rows and columns.

// Initializing // Initializing
type[] varName= new type[size]; datatype[][] varName  =  new dataType[row]
[col];
// Declaring
type[] varName= new type[]{values1, // Declaring
value2,...}; datatype[][] varName  =  {{value1,
value2....},{value1, value2....}..};
Creating an array with random values.
Transposing a matrix.
double[] arr = new double[n];
for (int i=0; i<n; i++) for(i = 0; i < row; i++)
{a[i] = Math.random();} { for(j = 0; j < column; j++)
{ System.out.print(array[i][j]+" "); }
Searching the max value in the array. System.out.println(" ");
}
double max = 0;
for(int i=0; i<arr.length(); i++)
{ if(a[i] > max) max = a[i]; } Multiplying two matrices.

for (i = 0; i < row1; i++)
Reversing an array.
{ for (j = 0; j < col2; j++)
for(int i=0; i<(arr.length())/2; i++) { for (k = 0; k < row2; k++)
{ double temp = a[i]; { sum = sum + first[i][k]*second[k][j];
a[i] = a[n-1-i]; } 
a[n-1-i] = temp;  multiply[i][j] = sum;
} sum = 0;
 }
}

Java Strings
Creating a String String Methods
String in Java is an object that represents a sequence of char Few of the most important and frequently used String
values. A String can be created in two ways: methods are listed below:

1. Using a literal
2. Using ‘new’ keyword str1==str2 //compares address;
String newStr = str1.equals(str2); //compares
String str1 = “Welcome”; // Using literal the values
String newStr = str1.equalsIgnoreCase()
String str2 = new String(”Edureka”); // Using //compares the values ignoring the case
new keyword newStr = str1.length() //calculates length
newStr = str1.charAt(i) //extract i'th
character
The  java.lang.String class implements  Serializable,
newStr = str1.toUpperCase() //returns string
Comparable  and CharSequence  interfaces. Since the  String in ALL CAPS
object is immutable in nature Java provides two utility classes: newStr = str1.toLowerCase() //returns string
in ALL LOWERvCASE
1. StringBu er: It is a mutable class that is thread-safe and
newStr = str1.replace(oldVal, newVal)
synchronized.
//search and replace
2. StringBuilder: It is a mutable class that is not thread-safe
newStr = str1.trim() //trims surrounding
but is faster and is used in a  single threaded
whitespace
environment. 
newStr = str1.contains("value"); //check for
the values
newStr = str1.toCharArray(); // convert
String to character type array
newStr = str1.IsEmpty(); //Check for empty
String
newStr = str1.endsWith(); //Checks if string
ends with the given suffix

Download Core Java Cheat Sheet for Beginners Edureka

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