EFFECTIVENESS OF IMPLEMENTING MANDATORY ROTC ON

SENIOR HIGHSCHOOL STUDENTS OF STA.LUCIA

HIGHSCHOOL

S.Y 2019 – 2020

A Quantitative Research

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in the Subject

PRACTICAL RESEARCH II

BY:

Carmelo, Primerose

De Guzman, Angelo C.

Kamlon ,Abdulrasid D.

Tomagos, Sonny

Villafuerte, Bryan
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researcher’s would like to express their gratitude to those people

who made this research possible.

Our teacher in Research Mr. Aldeguer Realingo, who helped us and guide

us and to our parents who support and give us financial support to finish this

research within the time.

The researcher’s would like also to thank to our Almighty God, who gave

us strength and knowledge.

 DEDICATION

This research study is wholeheartedly dedicated to our beloved parents, who

have been our source of inspiration and gave us strength when we thought of

giving up, who continually provide their moral, spiritual, emotional and financial

support.

To our relatives, teachers, friends and classmates who shared their words of

advice and encouragement to finish this study.

And lastly, we dedicated this book to the Almighty God, thank you for your

guidance, strength, power of mind, protection and skills and for giving us a

healthy life. All of these, we offer to you.

 ABSTRACT

This study aimed to determine the Effectiveness of Implementing

Mandatory ROTC in Sta. Lucia High School during the School Year 2019-

2020.

This study seek answers to the following questions:

1. What are the effects of re-implementing mandatory ROTC to the respondents?

2. What is the awareness level of the respondents about implementation of

mandatory ROTC in SHS?

3. What are the respondents’ perceptions on implementing mandatory ROTC?

4. What is the population of the SHS students that are favor of implementing the

mandatory ROTC?

5. How mandatory ROTC will affect respondents’ current living?

 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents the background of the study, the statement of the

problem, the significance of the study and the scope of delimitation of the study.

Background of the Study

Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) in the Philippines began in 1912

when the Philippine Constabulary commenced with military instruction at the

University of the Philippines. During World War II, Volunteers from the ROTC

formed a guerilla group which took part in the resistance movement and

confronts American and Japanese forces. By 1980 President Ferdinand Marcos

issued Presidential Decree No. 1706 known as “National Defense Law” it made

ROTC obligatory at all colleges and universities then during President Corazon

Aquino’s term it was became the Republic Act No.7077 known as “Citizen Armed

Forces of the Philippines Reservist Act” which is referred to the act as that the

primary pool of manpower for the reservist organization are the graduates of

ROTC basic and advance courses. It was became controversial on the year 2001

due to the death of Mark Welson Chua, a student of UST and a member of the

UST ROTC unit. His death became the cause of removing the completion of

Mandatory ROTC as a requirement for graduation for both male and female

college students in the Philippines.

Now at the present times, The House of the Representatives approves bill

requiring ROTC for Grades 11 and 12. According to Philippine News Agency, if
this bill passed into law, it would make the Reserve Officers’ Training Corps

program mandatory for both male and female Senior High School students. The

DepEd also welcomed the revival of the mandatory program after its proposed

implementation. ROTC is one of the three components of the National Service

Training Program. The ROTC purpose is to provide military education and

training for students to mobilize them for national defense preparedness. It also

helps to respond during calamities such as typhoons, earthquake etc. This

mandatory program teaches students to become well-disciplined not as a student

but as a citizen of the country. It also promotes camaraderie to the individual that

part of a society. It excels patriotism and love of country to the youth.

In conclusion, this study may benefit the youth to become a well-

respected, honorable and responsible individual part of the society.

Statement of the Problem

This study seeks answers to the following questions:

1. What are the effects of re-implementing mandatory ROTC to the respondents?

2. What is the awareness level of the respondents about implementation of

mandatory ROTC in SHS?

3. What are the respondents perceptions on implementing mandatory ROTC?

4. What is the population of the SHS students that are favor of implementing the

mandatory ROTC?

5. How mandatory ROTC will affect respondents’ current living?

Scope and Delimitation

The main focus of the study is to know the effectiveness of implementing

mandatory Reserve Officers’ Training Corps on high school students. The

research is limited to the grade XI and grade XII of Sta.Lucia High School in

Pasig City because they are involving in re-implementing this mandatory

program. According to President Rodrigo R. Duterte , this was to promote love of

country and patriotism to the youth.

Formulating questions can delimits to the specific area of the research

study.
Significance of the study:

The following will benefited by the study:

Students-They will be the main beneficiary of the implementing

mandatory ROTC. They will receive valuable military training. They are

supported in the development of strong personal traits such as disciplined,

leadership and confidence.

Teachers-They will guide students who are undergoing in the mandatory

program. They become militarized servant of the school.

School administration-It can be used by the authorities to provide

information about the SLHS-SHS students who are subject to the ROTC program

will be informed of the issues if the students are ready to undergo the program

and if they are well informed about the ROTC.

Country-The Republic of the Philippines will become nationally prepared

for disaster, calamities, catastrophe and possible war.

 CHAPTER II

This chapter presents the review of related literature and studies. The

conceptual models of the study, the research hypothesis and definition of terms

used in this study.

Review of Related Literature

This chapter includes the ideas and conclusions from the other

literatures, finished thesis and other studies. The related studies and

information that were included in this chapter will help in familiarizing

information that is related and relevant to the present study.

Related Literature

The Hunters ROTC was a Filipino guerilla unit that was active on during

the Japanese invasion in the Philippines, It was anti Japanese guerilla goup

active in the area near the Manila. It was consists of students who were only 18

years old when the war began and fought against veteran soldiers.It was created

upon the dissolution of the Philippine Military Academy. Cadet Terry Adevoso,

refused to simply go home as cadets were ordered to do, and began recruiting

fighters willing to undertake guerrilla action against the Japanese.

According to Agriculture Secretary Piñol (2017),The new president

approves the return of the Mandatory ROTC, Defense Secretary Lorenzana also

filed documents on RA 7077 or “Citizen Armed Forces of the Reservist Act” to be

mandatory. Through mandatory program, Filipino youth are potential to defend and

protect our country.

 Senior high school students are already capable of enrolling in a military

course. The military is thinking of asking the Department of Education (DepEd) to

include the ROTC in the curriculum of senior high school students. The Filipino

youth will understand the reason of training, they will learn skills such as first aid

training, basic life support, self-defense, combat preparation, survival skills etc.

said by AFP spokesman Brigadier General Padilla R. (2017).

In United States of America, Army ROTC is one of the most demanding

and successful leadership programs in their country. The training a student

receives in Army ROTC provides leadership development, military skills and

career training. Courses take place both in the classroom and in the field, and

are mixed with normal academic studies. Additional summer programs, such as

Jump School, may also be attended. Upon completion, an Army ROTC graduate

is commissioned as an officer in the Army. They have also Navy, Marine, and Air

Force ROTC.

The revival of the mandatory military training for the Filipino youth is

drawing mixed reactions. As stated by Kabataan Party-list Rep. Sarah Elago,

they don’t want the ROTC back because it Is not instilling discipline and love for

country given by its violent history. They also want ROTC to be abolished.

The mandatory program began in 1912 it is become a requirement for

college students until 2002 after some cadets reported died from hazing. A high

profile case was the death of University of Santo Tomas student cadet Mark
 Welson Chua, who was killed by his fellow ROTC members he exposed alleged

irregularities in the Reserve Officers' Training Corps unit of the university .

According to CNN Philippines (2016), aside from promoting nationalism

and discipline to the Filipino youth, The Mandatory ROTC also supports the

President’s proposal to shift to the federal form of government. Those who will

graduate and complete the mandatory program will become national guards

during national emergencies. Filipino youth need to train in preparation for

calamities, earthquake, supertyphoons that frequently occur in our country said

by the Duterte youth member Cardema R (2016).

Conceptual Model of the Study

In the graphic organizer it is divided into three columns in which the objectives

and processes are included that show below:

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Respondents: Effectiveness of
Implementing
25 Grade XI Gathering data Mandatory
students through survey ROTC on SHS
questionnaires. students on Sta
25 Grade XII
students Lucia High
School.
(on any strand)
 Figure 1. Effectiveness of Implementing Mandatory ROTC on SHS

The input show the results the respondent needed on the study. The

process show the data gathering through survey questionnaires given to the

respondents. The output is the effectiveness of Implementing Mandatory ROTC

on SHS students.

Null Hypothesis

There is no significant effects to the respondents’ attitude and being a

student who undergo on a Mandatory ROTC program.

Definition of Terms

Cadet/s- a Senior High school student/s at a military school who is preparing to

be an ROTC officer.

Camaraderie- a feeling of good friendship among the SHS cadets in a group

Corps-a group of Senior High school students who are involved in ROTC

Catastrophe- the final event of the dramatic action especially of a tragedy

Defense- something that is used to protect yourself, your country etc.

Mandatory- required by law or rules

NSTP- ROTC is under of National Service Training Program

Organization- called to ROTC that is formed for a particular purpose

ROTC- Reserve Officers’ Training Corps

Reservist-a member of Mandatory ROTC Program

 Chapter III

RESEARCH DESIGN

This chapter presents the methods of research used, the sources of data,

and the data gathering procedure, the gathering instruments and the statistical

treatment of data.

Methods of Research Used

This research study used a evaluative type of research design that uses

standard social research methods for evaluative purposes, as a specific research

methodology, and as an assessment process that employs special techniques

unique to the evaluation of social programs.

According to Weiss defines evaluation as “the systematic assessment of

the operation and/or the outcomes of a program or policy, compared to a set of

explicit or implicit standards, as a means of contributing to the improvement of

the program or policy” (1998, p. 4). In her previous book, Weiss (1972) defines

evaluation research as “an elastic word that stretches to cover judgments of

many kinds” (p.1).