ra y | Congruence of Triangles Congruence (Objects which have the same shape and size are called congruent objects. Congrusntcbjets farbon copy af each other or you can say identical i ll respects 1n geometry also, two figures, identical in shape and size, are sald to be congruent and property of being identical is elled congruence. It denoted by the symbol ® and read ag ‘ongeuent to Congruence of Plane Figures "Two plane figures ae sad to be congruent, if one, when superimposed on the othe, covers ther completely or exactly two plane are congrvent, i they have the same size and shapes Congruence of Line Segments Let consider two line segments AB and CD of equal length. AaB Co ‘You can see that 4B, when placed on ZD, cavers it exactly So, line segment 7B is congue TD and we write tas AB *C “Two line segments ae said tobe congruent, thelr lengths are equal Congruence of Angles Let us consider two angles, ZABC and ZPOR, having the same measure (say 45°) 4 ‘ c Avs A Avs - o a if) You can se that when the ZABC is placed on ZPOR. it covers ZPOR exactly or you can sy incides eaely with ZPQR. So, ZABC is congrient to ZPOR and we write it as ABC» 22 Hence, two angles are sud tobe congruent, if their measures are equal Congruence of Triangles ‘Two triangles ate congruent if they are copies af each other and cover each othar exactly Each rangle has thee vertices, thee sides and three anglos. So, for the congruence two tl ill the pars of one triangle must be congeuent to the corresponding pars of the ther ti Let us consider two trangles ABC and APQR For the congruence ofthese two triangles, vertices A, B and C must be congruent to vel and, line segments AB, BC and CA must be congruent fo line segments PQ, OR ad fespecively and ZA, 2B and ZC must be congruent to 22, 2Q and ZR respectively Tea [cneacr oF Tamas cae]S€b|smoms0 DIMOND (20 leone (Suen 294, tp 0 SPIE mang ayy oF yenbo éaanpodsas axe ojSueyn ao jo sopys aan a 3 4uonuBuen ave sue Om, Huopjpues a2uens6u09 $55) 1 95¢ s0j6ue144 omy 30 A>uana6u05 10} su spo ay Jo ed Buspuodrani9 40896) yuonu0> 240 Jo (‘on apmanye“ueypour ‘qf apes“) 28d £943 yonaBuoo og on pre ae snucrs omy 59]6ue141 yo oouans6u09 40} eu0y49) ‘woniuo> axe apx9 og (2) ‘wonsuoy axe 24M pur sy a1enbg (a) ee s Garay 3 0 ansfuc> tou are HOE COBY BPH!) —ywansfuoo med yoRIM puy pow ase Ou? sony dle wOa7 = Dav? Hoga aiSumaa pT so wg = prong pue w zt « apuoy“aouayg wo we=z1- 0-900 «4471 . W=041=0F = G+) z"9F won jou are asa ojo 3 op Sf GDA Jo 1 9uRIDd 349 LOA Ha = av 94-08 oenaota eee peee bere asa Fea fs zs a 11949 30 wipeag pus wpa o ibe Goa ‘ th -wonucoare 1153 pu" DAY SIBULOM, F w9=a) < m0 9=ay in won ao= av ‘ore oar qo pile gy squswSas aur ayy: Mog cc jo wy} 4p EUS Yo “ED 9 = GY FE ‘wonatuos ase a9 pueavauousomn on A Jo whpeaig pue 8uaq ‘ssejoiq) uonssieay (@) 238 Hosa pur aay ser8urmo 94, Mog ys HO a8tei04 0 ‘sppeaig pu 8] a) py a Gs 3} rad Pub wt Zt 81 Goa auras at jog u9, a wOav= Davy = W7 #97 PuE OZ = 07 U7 a7 ‘DL VO Pw NO = 29 Da » BYGe ethic wit dtm AC Samana (CA=3cm. Draw another APOR with POQ=4em,OR Gem and RP~ Sm, Stateabout the congurency of triangles A A UC) Thus, AB ~ PQ, BC= OR and CA=RP, You would observe that the two tangles cover each other exactly |AABC = APOR (By 885 congrvenc)) Case Il. (SAS Congruence Condition): Two triangles are congruent ifthe two sides and the included angle of one are respectively to the two sides and the included angle ofthe other Bh Dew asasewitnAB-oom.Co=44 mand 23 =. Draw another APOR with QP = 6 cm, DR = 4.4 cm and cP = 0°. Check whether they Ee ongrent rot Thus, we have Siac AB= QP, BC~ PR and 2B =P You would observe thatthe tot will cover each other exactly, ABC" AQPR (By SAS congue (ASA Congruence Conditior ‘Two tangles are congruent, ifthe two angles andthe included side of one are respectively el to the two angles and the included side of the athe. Draw a AARC wit BC=88 an, 28-50 2o- Drew another APOR with QR=58em, 20st and 23h ORO. UCSD See ge ss Pian — Ne Soln.: w Thus, we have, BC OR 28= ZQand ZC~ ZR You would observe thatthe two triangles cover each other exactly. ABC = APOR (By ASA congrency) Case IV. (RHS Congruence Condition): Two right angled triangles are congruent, if the hypotenuse and one se ofthe firs rangle a respectively equal tothe hypotenuse and one side ofthe second Note: Two triangles are not congruent the thre angles ofa triangle are respectively equal to the thre, of other triangle i, two tangles are not congruent by AAA criterion, ‘T36 [cnunce oF TESCE SOSSS "VS rr EL [stow 40 2IaMKED ‘a =ay ane ious om soupnufuo gy Aq uonsBueo sour poq yew o, (9) vag7 = vao7 2087 svesig os xV pur (= ava -avaz O¥a7 spo XY Sy: -uIOg ‘av-ay pweoay7=aav7 ‘ava7 =ave7 (a) [wonspua> sxuniduooysy al dave = aavv ‘ou wou) av-av {uasi9) 06 a¥7 = gav7 Ww7 swsiaay] —avor -avaz eeu an Sa¥Y pue gaYY ML () 505 wun cad= ara () msue 9% pasn aney nose} aan ayy ais S451) won pus souanisuon ygy Aq Savy = savy =I 0) VY Otay pw v7 soome av ama or lp DST eye 155 | pawownen Vo =v pur voq7 = OVE? ‘aa =av (1m) vaoy = Davy ‘wonmpuo sousms$u09 Sys 6a 05, [wounso>] vo=ov (G9 wed ut panaug) ya? = 2va7 Iuasio) ap=av ‘aaru am "¥qV Pu SHYY UL) [eojSue aymeiony] you? = 2v87 Tesuansuen 31 Oy pur aa gy us () "HOS w) asue 01 pam aaey nox sey aarRowp ais (uy) owepa souomifuos sys p= 2p puw UD § = Dig aeMHsIOdA 96417 ea yay eneyp‘onry ui f= 3¥ 9p pur uo raves asruayedhy 96 ~Pty ULE for COMPETITIVE EXAMS Congruency of Triangles: ‘Two triangles are sad tobe congruent if every pat (i congruent to every corsesponding part ofthe other side, angle, median altitude et.) of Conditions for Congruency of Two Triar 1s S881 the three sides of one triangle are equal tothe three sides ofthe other Jo angle of a triangle is equal to two sides and the include + SAS: IF to sides and the incl angle ofthe other #ASAzif two angles and the included side ofa triangle is equal to two angles and include side ofthe other «+ HS: in right angled triangle ifthe hypotenuse and any one side ofa triangle be equal the hypotenuse and one sido ofthe other.[sojSueus yusme$9 0 ‘pt Sinpuodsans03) no= wa) Ivey 4g] gnaw Sway Lawov 2uein 7 asus pag = WAV 30784" Pie] EON = DEW sOW? = aN? 71 sv = Dav7 a= 3a fay =v 1 (csnujodfoounacs} [von .06 = ancd7 = yar avy om ‘aN Pu WV wt "HOS NO=Wa CH) = NIV = INAV 9 sey) aAosd “gy TNO pur OV 7 AM SL-OV = a¥ yor wt apeueI ‘ojoeosy ue 5] Davy sandy Saquyolpe 3M! uf 01 snaypuadind sf qy = .08= vaD7 = vad 06~ vaa7 & .0et = yaa7e = 8K ~ aD? + vaa7 um iystens © 51 9g (sojue yuonsSu0> JosojSue Suypuodea0>) [rojuet yuonsdu0> Jo =9pIs Mutpuodsass03] feopre Teno sef8uy aysoddo} Isys fal fours} vao7 =vaa7 (a) ao-aa a) oar) oavw =eavy av-av twas] vay =avar won] Oy =ay ney 9m AVY pu gciv¥ ut) Hos oat av (a) a9 = ai ( 27-470) aw=aave 32814 94151 GY pur oy = ay yprut ut oeduern, soponosy ue st Jave ‘amndy Surwiolpe oy% sy ___ 159 | opewmen ly>apl ao = 08 pw 20 ov {iuaausu0> vsy}go2¥ = GOWN [wesfopesed eyo sop sipoddol 9¢= ay ‘3807 = Vao7 Arenas [teszaasuen xp 5 ay pur da laysesmueaeumyy) 1907 = avo7 ney 30 2ODV uP GOVT ML TO atrateona Ge 9 anon ey POA 3 ‘9.78 onus ag pue ay struct ‘qaay wriSoyoiesed sn! “uo "ye H>e> spas lwesfoyoqered e Jo speuoSeyp ata ie BAola “¢ (1249) a7 = voar Isss fa) abav= voav twourwoo) “37 =e lay yo od prayer] “G= 75 [won] ga-va suet an DC Pu YOY UL! wIOg ‘a3a7 = vou? : wy) 2x03 ‘a= va pur av 30 apod-pruv ayy st 9 aanyamsundiy uaa ou [sojfueun jupnsvo jo sou Suypuodsa03) Dus7 = xoa7 0) Ousv= OU x= x0 [won] Os= aa [won] ys= Oy Do samy an Dysy pur xOav UL () -uos [sss 4a) wourwo3} Oa asey a4 sandy want? 49 UL SH 1dIWVX3 G3A10Sperpendicular to AC. Show that AKK™M and LLM are congruent Soln. : KK’ and LL’ ate perpendicular to the sime line AC, therefore, parallel to each other. Lis transversal 2RKM = ZU'LM REM = 21M = 90" KK’ = LL’ AKK’M = ALL’M [attemate angles] (given) TASA congruency] 16a pair of opposite sides of a quadrilateral fare equal and parallel, prove that it will be 2 parallelogram. Soln. In the quadrilateral ABCD, AB = CD ane 4B | DC Ik is required to prove that ABCD is a parallelogram. Diagonal AC is drawn, Jn AABC and ACD, A=CD {given} ZBAC*ZDCA_ [alternate angles} AC=CA_ [Common side] AABC=ACDA_ [SAS congruency] ZBCA=ZDAC_ [Comespondinganglesof ‘congruent triangles] But AC joins BCand AD and two alternateangles are cal Bc) AD In quadslateral ABCD, AB || DC [Given] BCI AD [Proved] ‘ABCD is 3 parallelogram SPOR is an isosceles trangle with PQ = PR. Side QP is produced to § such that QP = PS. Prove that QRS iss right angle @ In aPQR, PQ~PR “2PRQ=ZPOR 4) (opposite angles to equal In APRS, PR=PS as PQ =? (given) ZPRS=ZPSR (2) (opposite angle to equal ‘Adding (1) and @), we get ZDRQ + ZPRS = ZPQR + ZPSE ZQRS = 2POR + ZPSR Adding, ZORS on both sides ZORS + ZORS = ZPQR + £PSR + ZORS 2. ZORS~ 180° (angles sam prope 180° = cons= Hi so rae In the figure, itis given that LM = ML 1 PQ and MN 1 PR. Prova ZLPM = ZNPM. Soin, : In right angled triangles APE PNM, MLB = ZMNP = 90° PM = PM (common) (hypo LM = NM (given) APLM = APNM (by RES Cong ZLPM = NPM (CPCT) In the adjoining figute, AABC is an triangle in which AB = AC and medianwb sonn s0 sann02 2a) (ona ouanuo9 S413) (Gsmusyodsy uowsaon) gy = aq (wa) gg =3¥ (oni) .06~ a7 =¥7 aDaV Pu DEY M1 MI0g aay ~9ov7 = aoaw =5av0 ‘JHA7 = 40¥7 vey anoud wow ‘aq = 9V poe Aaatioadsor cy pue V ye poysue ysis ase ba Pue day sopsueis ‘singy waar am 8p dov7 = aay7. soa? + gav7 ~ 9907 + 3av7 2) ue (1) Buxppe a) any 0, ‘Gov? ~ dav? soa ~aav7 = 9907 ~ 3av7 (9 wea sureagns aly Jog (copys yenbo op aso sory) (@ soa7 = 24a7 ‘oaav (copie yenbo oy aso soy) (0 gov7 = 24¥7 ‘ave MT dasa ue ov = av () pur () amnsy St -a0g o aavz = gav7 vey aon, ‘a= aa pur ov = iy sandy want 0g uetopqeed © oav Oa lay pe Od lay ‘aoav wsiupend aa liay renbo ae ue aewsnye 24) pur Og pu gy sino oy =O.5 [erSuma yon Jo s2(8ue Supucdsane>) S¥q7 = VOR? wnsy satay ends a Sue yeu sip osu 3a pu ysis 9y (sorsue yorusuas 10 sue Supuodsanoa] Your = v8? Uouonituo sgs a) veioe «2807 woo OY (sowed dal va'= oa Put do av sara 9m "vay ba Savy ot ciesp Oy (eu, uweojendesicoay ing acid panos Sn va pie go = a¥ 509 | ewe ‘opis asoyon eaneupenb e 61 Dq¥ # M105 Suestoyoeed £1 waarernpenb oq) yeuy aaoud ‘jenbo aie Tersjeyrapenb v yo sapts siisoddo ayy J 2 at ov" aaT ov .06= = GoW? "© opt “0¥? ¢ Lae Seow (eoyaueu {uoruos Jo s9f8u>] [Houanstues 555 <4) faawyo yore saat ‘coysreed osua8e4g) 1 sat = 40¥7+ aov7 188 acv7 =aov7’ ove =a0¥W a0 - oa uountea 51 BV apie rent Bresnquioysej0S9pI5 =] gy= av “gowy Pu GOVY Ut do ~ of pue30 ~ OY ‘ox peo si205tq wesdorarsied & so sjeuoseiel ‘ueoqened wt GOuv: Ssiguioys ©} ay ag ‘dO = 08 Pu 20 = Ov ue cat OY Teh neue ch pasar / Bw ago use: possi Day snqwoys awn Jo di Pus ¥ sfewodey SaT0g “Sarre yg Ve soo WEE spoetq snquioyt © yo sfeuaderp 24) eq) MOUS [seven nono 30 So[sue Butpuiodsos209) sss “al [ouo9) wsypour sav) (wou) Syaa ey am SAVY pus ace ut) 0108 ‘avr avez-ave7 Oo) Save uveIn the given figure, AB = AC and AD = AE. Prove that () AABD = AACE and (i) BE= CD 4 ae Ze Sola. : Since, AB= AC, we have in ABC ‘ZABD = ZACE. Since, “AD = AE, we have in AADE ZADE = ZAED, 180" - ZADE = i? and so, ZADB= ZAEC. 24D = Zak ‘ZAED [Bed angle of aaa ~Srdangle of AACE] Now, in AABD and AACE, we have ‘B= AC AD~ AE and ZBAD= CAE AABD = AACE. [By SAS congruency] BD=CE [By CPCT] BD+DE= CE+ED BE CD. AB is a line segment, AX and BY are two equal line segments drawn on opposite sides of line AB such that AX | BY. If AB and XY intersect each other at P, prove that AAPX = AEPY. Soln: Given hat AX BY, AX | BY Hence, Z- Now, in AAPX and ABPY, we have AX =BY (ven) ZAXP = 2BYD (Alternate angles a5 AX\ BY ‘and XY tsa tanaversal) ZKAP = LVBP (Allemate angles os AX BY ‘nd AB is a travers) AAP 2ABPY (ASA congruence ererion) Show thatthe given triangles are congruent. ee a TART concnaence oF ances Sola. : In APOR and AABC, we have PQ= AB {given} ZOPR= ZBAC given} ZPOK= ZARY given] 2POK= 180" = ZARY 2POR= ZABC PQR= AABC [By ASA congrucy 4 parallelogram. Soin. : Two diagonals AC and BD ofa qual Hence, AO ~ OC, BO = OD. Wis required to prove that ARCD is parle gram, In A408 and ACOD, AO =CO and OB = OD {given} ZA0B= ZCOD {verily opposite angles [SAS congrucney] [Comerpondig ag congevent tangle) saon=acop 20AB= ZOcD Since, AC joins AB and CD, and two alee angles are ual, By De Similarly, it can be proved that AOD = 46 {and AD | BC mn quadrilateral ABCD, AB | DC and AD [BC “ABCD is a parallelogram, In the given figure if PS is the angle bis of ZQPK then, show that APOS = APRS Sola. : In APQS and aPRs, PQ=PR Ygiven) ZQPS = ZRPS [= PS bisect the £OPRD PS=PS (common) APOS = APRS [By SAS]£91 [sown 0 2raMIDHOD NaI7= 1¥A7 (8) gNa7 = MLV? (9 0 av=Nat® ” xa=a¥@) fa~2¥ (8) NI-2N0 3a av (FHS 7 NZ Ac 20 aney 6} paou nox ‘oy vy ‘2sn oj a4 nod pur Ng = 1y Mn wea 9, xa) poe way ane 01 poou nos uouanED Sys as oy ate nok pue 7 = 17 Ye uaa st He) say GH) =) =w 0 snows oF pana 08 ayy “uoBIED g5s ax 0} ane HOA HI {O) INU = AVY Ye mous Oy yueM NOK rsnbo Ajoansodsoz ave osnujody as pue apis 940 ‘offen pojuesysvos antag St) HHADV 70 9 papnpan pu (fue Supadfeaneo 2 feo ate TV Jo soPut aay somo Popnisu aps om pul syst ony se "ysy Gh ZAXV 4 o\8ue popaput pur sapie Surpuodesiey yr oF tenbe ae xO Yo septs asp uaostg pnp aus aut pue Sapie omy s8 ‘SYS (ah “1IGV Jo sopts Buipoadsaio> ayn yous sve AV 0 sapte oayh te #8 S55) sms net y SDV = ZuYV 5 ie 06-97 =v av lV NY ais are Huow = NWrv'es ‘ou= 7 SUEZ = TNT HOA7 = NIN? MamI5, ae nt Sar ZAxv= wOUv es 4Zx7 = Od? Az =u aa xZsaKD, Ww ee 909 * Dave 0s, 0-28 sa-ay 1d-2¥ aay (e) | ‘Suimoqo) 2 ut asm no op won sousnas Ya va (w) v7 tw) Hoy 27 Wem Way 7 i) aw 70) 0 puodsaioo 0 YOAV 7 (hued og ama “73a = IE sd °¥9 ‘az 24 Mew a7 497 eer 7 OV soo yoe0 0 enbs oq mt sops pe spur Supuodsates ‘luo tans Buos a sy SuU OF 1 UO orien ax jo sed won» Spode a om ls oY Squopuodsatze> ay iopun aay 2 save “wped owes og mosig_ (2) ped imo] ous yd staus () Sug sods uous 23 sjdusexe aya: ove Sut aan auav7u 6) coe @) voy aures ap aay us (6) sag wear Ajene om "G7 = 7 aM aM HOUKL _() a ue Jaq au jo aunseous yp az o amnstatd fe sey ouo ‘sje yuoniBaoo oa} Seow (a) 1H wuans8u09 938 siuawsos 9011 omy (6) suouanes Baron; xh sted +p3. You have to show that AAMP = AAMQ In the following proof, supply the missing Sips Reasons P= OM, PMA = ZONA [AM Aa ‘3AM 60) Stn: ¢) Given (i) Given (ii) Common {iv) SAS,a5the twoskdes and the ange included between theee sides of AAMP are equal to Corresponding sides and angle of AMO, In AABC, ZA ~= 30°, 28 ~ 40° and C110" I APOR, 2P = 0", 20 ~ 40 and ZR = 110" ‘A student says that ABC s APOR by AAA congruence citerlon, Is he justifed? Why oF ‘why not? Sola. : No. This property represents that these ftangles have their respective angles of equal measure, However, this gives no information bout thet sides Thesidesof there angles ave {ratio somewhat differen from 11. Therefore, ‘AAA property dove nat prove that the two triangles ae congruent. Inthe figure, the two triangles are congruent. The coresponding part are mated, We cn write ARAT = Se Soln: It can be observed that 2RAT = ZWON ‘Zar = ZONN ARs OW ‘Therefore, ARAT = AWON, by ASA criterion {6 Complete the congruence statement: vey) azze = ove < (aoqen> gy) yDuv = av 097 = VOU Pe d= 34 Gas? = Dav 20 =a wonsBun) 9 seers og far our (wsa9] 207» vou? yo 9 oe stfu nog oar Pim .06 = OU? = O37 m0 Monsoon wo ee ones te 30 umns oun ‘osty "aay Jo sjsu anrndsas Op oye 98 ag 01 Tenbe axe Savy Jo sojfue ony aL quiz ~ ava PRE 06 = G27 = 8¥7 “eMy Want aI0g 4 \ > 98 no$ pp wowansa sin Na Jeu sued Spuodsain osed euontppe suo (0349 ® DAVY Ayo ‘werd gE sume juans8u0o 99 6 axe YOU Fue DAVY ILEXERCISE You wont to establish ADEF = AMNP, us Multiple Choice Gaactons the ASA congruence rule. You are given 2b 2M ane FP. What ofall eed fo etl the congrence? Ifthe hypotenuse and a side of a right-angle 1) aay i) OS - a err ae lent angied (9) DE=MN (d) None of these: Tangle are equal to the hypotense and a Side anotherightangled Wangs then by 9. Which congruence citron doyou use Gihich cangraengy catia the two angles following? se congruent? Given: EB= 8, AE= CB, 2A C= 9 {a) ASAProperty — (b) SSS Propety AABE = ACDB ) SAS Property Neperty (@) Sa8 rule (©) ssSrule eae ae {) ASArwle —(@) RHS rule If two angles and the included side of one _piret(a to toh Whichco\ one cena twangle are respectively equal to two angles you‘ene nthe following, and the corresponding side afanothertrsngle, Yy ance LIE gery ate Gigi ore 7) (ESS Propeny— @) RHS Property aso/ | \ese (©) SAS Property (@) ASA Property el IFAC=BD,AD= BC. then whichofthefllowing aes statements is meaningflly writen? () ASA (a AARC x An8D R (@) RAS (b) ABC 3 ABAD (© aaBc = anD4 (a) aaBC = aaDa . If three sides of a triangle are equal to the thee sides of another tangle, then the two (hy Asa Urangles are congruent by which congruence ) (a) RS fa) sas () $55 (@ RHS (2) ASA Which angle i included between the sides ay DE and EF of ADEF? a f@ 2 OZ (b) Asa oO 4 (2) None of these (a) RES By applying SAS congruence rule, you want j {ocstalsh that aPOR = AFED Its given that PQ FE and RP ~ DF. What additional information ls needed to establish the @ MPD (e) 2Q- 2D (a) $88 (bh) ASA. @ ae Oak (3 sas (a) Ras Which congruence criterion doyouwse inthe Un the given figure, M AB-nd CD bse folowing? ‘thers, then SADC i congruent 1 Given: AC= DF, AB= DE, BC EF So, {@) apop $ Save = Aber () sb08 G@)ASArule ——_&) SASrule (© aboB (9 Rismie —(@) sesrue t@) 3800 146 | concnvence or maaues