PAPER ASSIGNMENT SPATIAL PLANNING

MEN IN HIS ECOLOGICAL SETTING

ANTONIUS VICTOR

P022191019

POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM

REGIONAL PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT STUDY

HASANUDDIN UNIVERSITY

MAKASSAR

2019
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background
Human's life can not be separated from their environment. Both the natural
environment and social environment. Humans live, grow, and develop in the natural and
socio-cultural environment. In their natural environment humans live in an ecosystem that is,
a unit or functional unit of living things with their environment. Social environment is a
community environment in which there is an interaction of individuals with other individuals.
Humans are born as meaningful individual beings who are not divided or
inseparable between body and soul. Every human being has a difference. That is because
humans have their own characteristics. he has the nature, character, desires, needs, and
ideals that are different from each other. Activities of a person are aimed at meeting their own
interests and needs. As beings with unity of body and soul, individual activity is to fulfill the
needs of the soul, spirituality, or psychological, as well as physical or biological needs
However, Humans as individuals are not able to live alone. He in living his life
will always be together and dependent on other humans. Humans need each other and must
socialize with other humans. This is caused by humans in meeting their needs can not meet
their own needs. He will join with other human beings to form groups in the context of fulfilling
the needs in the purpose of life. In this case humans as individuals enter life together with
other humans.
Humans can affect the environment because humans are dominant creatures
on this earth so that all human activities will result in changes in the surrounding environment.
Humans gradually adjust to the natural environment. Natural changes in the human
environment are evident in cities, compared to those in the jungle where the population is still
small and primitive.
Changes in the natural environment of the human environment will affect both
positively or negatively. It affects humans because humans benefit from these changes, and
the effects are not good because it can reduce the ability of the natural environment to support
their lives. Humans create technology with the intention that their lives are easier, more
practical, efficient and do not experience much difficulty. But not infrequently, science and
technology would cause serious problems for human life.
Along with the growth in the number of people, the problems faced by humans
are also increasingly complex both related to the natural environment and social environment.
The increasingly diverse needs of humans require more specialized activities and also special

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 environments. Manufacturing industry, for example, requires a special location that is wide
and far from settlements, because industrial activities can interfere with activities in the
residential environment. This is where the role of spatial planning is needed to adapt diverse
and specific human activities to the environment and at the same time build integration
between diverse human activities.
As mentioned earlier that to meet their needs, humans adapt to their
environment, even creating artificial environments that support a variety of activities that are
diverse and continue to grow. Human life with millions of individuals with different needs and
activities, will cause interaction between individuals or groups and then will affect other
individuals and groups to adjust to their environment. This results in a dynamic evolution in
human life and its relationship to the environment. This dynamic evolution is caused by an
important feature of the ecosystem "competitive behavior".
B. Case Overview
There are several case examples given by J. Bryan in his book Urban and
regional planning to describe competitive behavior in individuals or groups that lead to
individual or group decisions in adapting to their needs and activities to their environment.
The following is a brief explanation of the example case.
Mr. A is the owner of a small clothing manufacturing company called With-it
Weatherwear, Ltd. this company is a high competitive company. The company has run well
and in its current place of business. This is inseparable from the current location of his
business that supports his business activities. Mr. A has all the things needed to run his
business such as large pool of partly-skilled casual labor, abundant sources of raw materials,
and the market where he markets his products. All of these things are close to his place of
business, with good communication and transportation channels for him to reach his needs
easily.
Unfortunately in recent years the company has faced several issues that could
threaten the sustainability of this business. Facing the threat to his business, Mr. A, like others,
will behave competitively and try to find the root of the problem and weigh options for resolving
the problem. Local authority for housing clearance and redevelopment issued a policy that
made housing rental prices rise. This forces some workers to pay more for their homes so
they need a higher salary, while others choose to move to more remote areas with the
consequence of rising transportation costs. it seems that in the near future his company will
be dealing with labor problems.
In addition, the increase in the rental price of his place of business is inevitable
along with the increase in the price of commercial buildings due to the development of the city
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that leads to his place of business. If he continues his business in that place, the net profit
from his company will be even lower. Mr. A must adapt to his environment in order to maintain
his business. After considering various factors, he decided to move his business to another
location close to where Mrs.B lives.
On other hand, there is a family, consisting of Mrs. B senior, the widow of Mr.
B, a manager at an insurance company who died 7 years ago, Mr. B junior and his wife who
live next to Mrs. B senior. Mrs. B is currently almost seventy and still works in a sugar store
in the city center near where he lives. He seemed reluctant to leave the place, because he
was born and lived there all his life. whereas Mr. A Junior and his wife who are waiting for the
birth of their first child are thinking of finding a comfortable place to live for their children's
growth later. The presence of With-it Weatherwear, Ltd in their neighborhood brings noise to
their area and makes the area decrease rapidly. This makes Mrs. B, her son and her daughter-
in-law are thinking of moving to a better place.
After searching and considering various things as their next place to live, they
decided to choose a bungalow close to Mr. B Junior. Even though this place is more expensive
than other places, it is closer to Mr. B to get to his workplace. The new road will be finished
soon and make Mr. B will be easier to get to his workplace, in addition to land values which
will soon increase according to Mr. B.
Later on after they moved to a new neighborhood, and after 6 months since
Mrs. B junior gave birth, a neighbor invited him to play and join the tennis club. Along with the
population growth in the area, more and more people are joining the sports club in that place.
The limitations of the available tennis courts make it difficult for members to order tennis
courts. Various options were debated among committee members, but some options such as
adding to the field, finding other facilities, or moving locations seemed difficult to implement.
Finally one of the committee members came up with an idea to rearrange the schedule for
field use by the members. The new play schedule can further maximize the use of tennis
courts so as to solve the problem of queuing for tennis court use.
All the examples of cases given, starting from Mr. A who had to move his
business to another place, Mrs. B and her family who were forced to move to another area,
because they were disturbed by Mr.A's business, and members of the tennis club who had to
change their playing schedule to solve the problem of queuing the use of tennis courts, are
examples of how humans adapt to changes in their environment. All of that is driven by the
competitive behavior of humans, both individually and in groups.

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 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

Human relations with their environment can not be separated from all the
activities carried out by humans in order to maintain their lives. These human activities are
driven by competitive behavior and affect their environment. Individual or group activities that
will influence and at the same time be influenced by other individual activities. Because of this
competitive behavior, humans will continuously scan for changes that occur in their
environment. If changes occur in his environment have a negative impact on his life, he will
make changes that need to be made to adapt to the conditions of the environment. this will
lead to a series of decisions and actions which will then also affect the environment and other
individual or group.
In the case examples given, we can see how a series of decisions and actions
carried out by individuals or groups in response to changes that occur then affect other
individuals and groups. Although the decisions and actions taken are based on complex and
not simple considerations, certain elements can be distinguished. There are at least six
elements that we can use to distinguish this competitive behavior pattern. Three elements
related to spatial relations and three other elements related to communication channels.
In relation to the spaces within which activities occur, three elements are
apparent namely Space-behavioral, space-locational and space-developmental. In similar
fashion we can consider three elements related to the connections or communication namely
channel-behavioral, channel-locational and channel-developmental. In reality, there will be
more elements that influence human action in their environment, depending on who is doing
it and on what environment and conditions. However, these six elements are sufficient to help
in preliminary understanding.
Space-behavioral is related to how humans change their habits and behavior
so they can adapt to their environment. In the example of the previous case, this can be seen
in the tennis club that changes their playing schedule so they can adjust to the queue
problems they face. Although this can be done by individuals or groups, it will be much easier
for individuals to do than groups. This is because each individual has different characteristics,
interests, goals, so it will be more difficult to change the behavior of a group of people than to
change an individual's behavior. In the example of the tennis club, although queuing problems
can be overcome by changing the behavior of group members, some senior members
grumble about changes in schedules.

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 In other cases, space-behavioral may not be enough to answer the challenges
faced. In this case physical location is required. This is called space-locational. Mr. A’s
Company, With-it Weatherwear, requires a new location that is more suitable for continuing
business activities. In reality, it's not just companies that do this. Many individuals also
respond to changes in their environment such as rapid population growth resulting in
population density by moving to locations with smaller population densities. For a more
extreme example, some developed country governments such as Britain, Russia, and
Australia have moved their capital cities. This is done to adapt to the needs of each capital.
After conducting various studies by considering so many factors, the Indonesian government
has also decided to move the capital from Jakarta to East Kalimantan Province.
Another element related to spatial is the space-developmental. This requires
engineering work to carry out building development resulting in more space and is suitable
for more activities. Mr. A’s company in addition to moving the location, also doing a little
building development to adjust to business activities. Urban development that is visible from
the development of buildings is also an activity undertaken to adjust human activities to the
environment. Individuals often do the development of the house where they live to adjust to
the increasing number of family members.
Other visible elements are those related to communication and transportation,
such as channel-behavioral. This relates to the way we adapt to the transportation and
communication channels available in our environment. Several major cities in Indonesia have
good public transportation so traveling to work can be done easily and comfortably without
the need to use private vehicles. In other places we may have to use private vehicles because
of the lack of supporting public transportation.
Channel-locational on the other hand relates to the way we adapt to location
changes. Relocating will encourage us to adapt to the transportation routes that we will go
through in carrying out our activities. We will always look for the best path in terms of shorter
distances and shorter travel times. Along with the relocation of Mr.A's company location, he
and his family must adapt to the new transportation route.
Finally, communication and transportation technologies that support modern
human activities are needed to adapt to developments. This element is called channel-
developmental. Nowadays, communication and transportation technology are developing so
rapidly, adjusting to the needs of the activities of modern society. 20 years ago, we could only
communicate remotely using a landline. Nowadays the development of cellular phone
technology has made it possible for anyone in almost every area of the world to communicate
easily.
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 These six elements with various examples can bring us understanding of
competitive behavior patterns from humans in carrying out their activities and adapting to
changes in their environment. Even though there are also irrational and random elements of
human activities that can not be formally explained, the six broad elements given are sufficient
to help in a preliminary understanding.

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 CHAPTER II
CONCLUSSION

1. In order to meet their needs, men must adapt to their environment and changes. various
things are done to adapt to the environment, including making changes to the environment to
suit the activities carried out
2. Humans will continuously scan for changes that occur in their environment. If changes occur
in his environment have a negative impact on his life, he will make changes that need to be
made to adapt to the conditions of the environment based on competitive behavior. This will
lead to a series of decisions and actions which will then also affect the environment and other
individual or group.
3. There are six elements that can distinguish competitive behavior pattern. Three elements
related to spatial relations namely Space-behavioral, space-locational and space-
developmental and three other elements related to communication channels namely channel-
behavioral, channel-locational and channel-developmental