REPORT

Value Engineering
Classic FAST Sling Bag

NEVY RISNA DYAH KUMALA

M10816024
 CLASSIC FAST SLING BAG

1. INTRODUCTION
The Function Analysis System Technique (FAST) diagramming is a tool of the
Value Management profession since its introduction in 1965. FAST diagrams provide a
graphical representation of how functions are linked or work together in a system(product
or process) to deliver the intended goods[1]. In this case we will be make Classic Fast of
Sling Bag, one of fashion complement. A sling bag was designed to be worn comfortably
across the chest or back and secures to the body with a cross-Shoulder style strap. Sling
bag can change our life cause will make carrying stuff easier[2]. There are many kind of
sling bag, but we will choose the simple one to make a Function Analysis System
Technique (FAST) for my project.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Value Engineering

The value methodology developed as a way to find some alternative materials to

substitute for those in short supply. The methodology focuses on the function of the object
and lead the way to process of function analysis. Before get the terminology and
construction of FAST Diagram, first we must define into Active Verb + Measurable Noun.
This process later envolved into the formal practice called Value Analysis or Value
Engineering[3].

2.2 FAST Diagrams

This graphical representation, known as the FAST Diagram (function Analysis System
Technique), organizes the function that need to be performed, by the product, process, or
system under study, into a How and Why relationship. In FAST Diagrams first step is
define what a function. A function is defined as that which a product or process must do to
make it work and sell. The description of a function is restricted a two word format, they
are Active verb + Measurable Noun. As shown in Figure 1, the FAST Diagrama is
purposely arranged counter from left into right convetion in reading and writing, the output
function at the left and the input function at the right.

1
 Figure 1.Simple Comparison FAST and Enhanced FAST (John Borza)

FAST diagram have two major categories they are :

1. Basic Functions describe the characteristic as the primary reason for the existence of
an item
2. Secondary functions describe functions which are required to cause or alllo the Basic
Function to occur. It divided into several other categories :
- Dependent Critical Functions = function which must occur for the Basic function
to occur or be delivered
- Independent(supporting) Functions = function which help the basic function to be
delivered better, faster, longer, etc
- Design Criteria = performance requirements applicable to the overall subject
system
- All the time functions = broad requiremenrs applied within the subject scope and
are not usually directly related to basic Function

2
2.3 Logical Linking of Funstion
Referring again to figure 1, the main path connection the Lower Order Function(input)
to the Higher Order Function (outoput) is referred to as the Critical Path. The functions
on this path are referred to as critical path functions and connected and arranged using
How and Why logic. A few need to be pointed out about FAST Diagrams:
1. There is no single”correct FAST Diagram for a product. Process, service or
system. They are depending on :
- Focus of the analysis-is it high level
- Technology or customer focused
- Objectives of the study like cost reductions, process improvement, or technical
problem solving

2. FAST Diagrams frame all function is a positive sense

2.4 Enhanced FAST Diagrams

This Enhanced FAST Diagram, builds upon the original FAST Diagram;s How/Why
logic, and supplements it with Produces and Counteracts, one function can produce
another function or counteract another. This leads to the first major difference between
these two diagrams :
- Enhanced FAST Diagrams include Negative or Harmful functions
Instead of characterizing function in a positive light, Enhanced FAST allows
framing of functions in a negative light. The advantage from two additional
perspectives :
1.It allows for focusing of ideas on counteracting the negative function,
instead of just improving a positive one
2. It uncovers hidden contradictions inherent in the system

3
 This Figure 2 shows the comparison using simple subsets of the respective function
models.

Figure 2.Simple Comparison FAST and Enhanced FAST (John Borza)

2.5 Building Function Models

There are many ways to build function models, they are :
1. Identifying the primary useful function, so we can build a primary logic path with
functions that describe “What” needs to be done, and logically become the
How/Why logic until be useful functions from the input or triggering event to the
output is complete. Next, we must add in the secondary “When” functions,
considering all the known problems with the product(or how it is used) or the process
under study.
2. Build function models is the component-function mapping approach. In this ways,
the function of each physical component in the assembly process, service or system
is identified and relevant functions are mapped into the model.
3. Random function generation’s method is the component-function Mapping
approach. In this method the system functions are identified without regard to “cause
and effect” relationship, until the builder has enumerated all the functions they can
think of, then, build the model using the logic test for connecting the listed functions.

4
 The arranging’s step listed functions into the logic paths invariably will uncover
missed or extranenous functions
4. Eliminate harm methods is similar with the first method, but instead of identifying
the primary useful function, we can start by identify the harmful function or negative
effect that you want to eliminate, then same as in the first method.
5. The critical function was approach, you can branch out from ther until you have
identified the functions of interest and how their interrelate across the scope of the
problem under study.
2.6 Conclusions

FAST Diagram represent a very powerful tool in analyzing complex systems, and
boiling down the descriptions of the function performed into the essence of the tasks that
must be delivered. The requirement that functions be described in two-word Verb-Noun
format is a double-edges sword[1]:

- It was promote a creative thinking in alternative ways to deliver a function

- It was limit by constraining perpective to see the positive framed functions

The How/ Why logical connection between functions serves as an excellent way to
verify the validity of FAST Diagrams and Enhanced FAST models, and the focus on
functions removes the physically from the systems (product,process or service), opening
the creative vista and removing physical and mental constraints in the process. Function
modeling wil make a complex systems more understandable to a wider audience-one
doesn’t need to be an expert in the system to understand what the system does or is
supposed to do.

3. METHODOLOGY
In the Value engineering have some methodology, first is function analysis performed by
an interdisciplinary team. In fact,if Function Analysis is central to this methodology The
Society of American Value Engineers is very clear on this issue. Figure 3 illustrates this six
step job plan as outlined by SAVE in their "Value Methodology Standard.". In fact, this
Function Analysis is not performed, the workshop cann’t be called a Value Engineering
workshop.

5
 Figure 3.The VM Job Plan (SAVE)

The classical version method of Function Analysis that we used to solve this problem in
this report are :
3.1 Determining Random Function
In this method we only have two words were allowed to describe each function of
something that we will analysis. The two words are an active verb and measurable noun,
For example, the function of headset would be to “ distribute voice”. The important thing
to describe into two words cann’t be emphasized enough. Later in the function analysis

6
 phase, values are assigned to these functions. These values can be dollars, weight, or any
other pertinent value. These values are then used to evaluate the functions in terms of their
importance, or value to the overall system. Based on this function we identify the scope of
the model, its basic function or secondary function. These identify are designed to identify
the mission of the system while bounding the scope of the problem, or opportunity. By
stating the mission of the system as a problem, or opportunity helps the team specify what
the system is to accomplish. We identify all the parts in our object to be examined in detail,
for an example headset have many part like foldable hinges, adjustable headband,
microphone etc.
3.2 Expanding Random Function
In this method we must define our basic function become HOW and WHY in every
part. Like the function Analysis, we define HOW and WHY only two word, an active verb
and measurable noun. The first step in this method we define HOW and WHY the main
function, and next the part that can connect with the main function, the sequence pattern
like “S” alphabet. We make this pattern cause we want simplify to compose all the HOW,
Basic Function and WHY in to Classic FAST diagram.
3.3 Fast Diagram
After we get 3 words like HOW, Basic Function and WHY, we compose this words
become FAST Diagrams. The Requirements all functions to the right of the basic function
describe the approach chosen to achieve the basic function. These are called "dependent
functions." Any function on the HOW or WHY logic path is a critical path function. If the
functions along the WHY direction enter the basic function, this forms a MAJOR critical
path. MINOR critical paths can be formed if they depict how an independent, or supporting
function is accomplished.

4. FAST MODEL OF SLING BAG

Now we have an idea of FAST concept, so we can applied to our object. We choose sling
bag to analysis, because sling bags are a popular choice for those who need a durable,
fashionable bag. Sling bag is a bag that has one end of the strap attached to the top of the bag
and the other end attached to the bottom of the bag. Figure 4 shows our model of sling bag that
we want identified.

7
 Figure 4.The model of sling bag
First step we define the function of every components in sling bag. Figure 5 shows the name
of components.

Figure 5.Numbering all of component

8
 We will define the component of slingbag into 2 types of function, they are basic function
and secondary function shown in Table 1.

No Components Functions BF SF

> Bag Contain Objects 

Complete fashion 

1. Fusible Interfacing Stiffen Fabric 

Fixed shape 

2. Imitation Leather Protect Component 

Improve appearance 

Prevent Damage 

3. Plastic Rits Provide Security 

Support Slider 

Connect Component 

4. Metal Slider Separate & combine rits 

Convey Component 

Transmitt force 

Support part 

5. Metal Pull tab Connect component 

Transmitt force 

6. Metal handle Hold Slider 

Enhance grip 

Table 1.Determine Random Function

9
No. Components Functions BF SF

7. Bottom Stop Protect Slider 

Support Component 

8. Fringe paint Enclose connection 

Protect component 

9. Oval metal ring Reinforce connection 

Connect component 

Convey load 

Oval horizontal ring Hook position 

shaped
Provide space 

Support hook 

10.. Hook Provide Connection 

Transmit force 

11. Handle hook Make rotation 

Connect component 

12. Fabric ring attachment Support Connection 

Transmit load 

13. Strap Transmit load 

14. Flexible metal ring Manage Length 

Fixed position 

Strengthen bonds 

10
 The little bit explanation Table 1 as the main function bag are contain objects and complete
fashion. Contain are an active verb and objects are a measurable noun as a basic function.
Complete are an active verb and fashion are a measurable noun as secondary function. We
decide this function as basic and secondary function based on the primary function this
component. We do this method to all component so we can move on the next step.

5. CONCLUSION
6. REFERENCES

11
[1]John Borza, 2011.Fast Diagram: The foundation for creating effective function models.
General Dynamic Land Systems.
[2]https://packhacker.com/guide/best-sling-bag/ 14-12-2019
[3]

12