Sjzl20072667-ZXG10 B8112 (V1.1) Maintenance Manual (Troubleshooting)

ZXG10 B8112
Out-Door Base Transceiver Station

Maintenance Manual
(Troubleshooting)
Version 1.1
ZTE CORPORATION
ZTE Plaza, Keji Road South,
Hi-Tech Industrial Park,
Nanshan District, Shenzhen,
P. R. China
518057
Tel: (86) 755 26771900 800-9830-9830
Fax: (86) 755 26772236
URL: http://support.zte.com.cn
E-mail: doc@zte.com.cn
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Revision History
Date Revision No. Serial No. Reason for Revision

09/19/2007 R1.0 sjzl20072667 First edition
08/29/2008 R1.1 sjzl20072667 Document upgrade
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ZXG10 B8112 (V1.1) Out-Door Base Transceiver Station Maintenance Manual (Troubleshooting)
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Contents
About this Manual ........................................................... xi

Purpose .............................................................................. xi
Intended Audience ............................................................... xi
Prerequisite Skill and Knowledge ............................................ xi
What is in This Manual .......................................................... xi
Related Documentation........................................................ xii
Conventions .......................................................................xiii
How to Get in Touch............................................................xiv
Chapter 1.......................................................................... 1
Troubleshooting Overview .............................................. 1

General Troubleshooting ..................................................1
Fault Information Collection.................................................... 1
Fault Cause Analysis and Locating ........................................... 1
Fault Removal ...................................................................... 2
Common Fault Analysis and Locating Methods .....................2
Check Alarms and Operation Log............................................. 2
Analyze the LED Status.......................................................... 2
Use Performance Management Interface................................... 3
Analyze Faults with Instruments and Meters ............................. 3
Unplug/ Plug the Board and Check for Loose Connections ........... 3
Comparison and Replacement ................................................. 3
Isolation .............................................................................. 4
Contact ZTE CORPORATION for Technical Support ..................... 4
Chapter 2.......................................................................... 5
Transmission Faults......................................................... 5
Overview .......................................................................5
Alarm Information at BTS....................................................... 5
Alarm Information at BSC ...................................................... 6
General Troubleshooting Methods............................................ 7
Troubleshooting ..............................................................9
Transmission Alarm ...............................................................9
Transmission Bit Error............................................................9
Broken Link of O&M with CMB ............................................... 10
Unstable Link of CMB Operation and Maintenance .................... 10
Broken LAPD Link of All Carriers ............................................11
Broken LAPD Link of Some Carriers........................................ 12
Broken LAPD Link of Carriers of Multiple Sites.......................... 13
LAPD Transient Interruption of Carriers of Multiple Sites ...........13
No LAPD Link Establishment between Cascaded Sites ............... 14
Chapter 3........................................................................ 15
Antenna Feeder Faults................................................... 15

Overview ...........................................................................15
General Troubleshooting.......................................................16
Troubleshooting ............................................................ 17
Incorrect VSWR Alarm Occurs to the PA.................................. 17
PA VSWR Alarm ..................................................................18
Tower Amplifier Power Alarm ................................................ 19
Tower Mounted Amplifier Alarm .............................................19
Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) Alarm ...........................................20
Coverage Shrinkage ............................................................20
Poor Uplink Quality ..............................................................20
Poor Downlink Quality ..........................................................21
Chapter 4........................................................................ 23
Voice Faults .................................................................... 23

Overview ...........................................................................23
Voice Abnormity for RF Faults ............................................... 24
Voice Abnormity for Configuration Faults ................................ 24
Common Cases............................................................. 24
Single Pass.........................................................................24
Silent Call ..........................................................................25
Poor Voice Quality ...............................................................26
Cross Talk ..........................................................................28
Unstable Signal of the Idle MS............................................... 28
Unstable MS Signal during Conversation ................................. 29
Echo when MS is in Call ....................................................... 29
Poor Busy-hour Conversation Quality ..................................... 30
Noise in Outgoing Toll Call.................................................... 31
Typical Fault Case ......................................................... 31
Collecting Fault Information.................................................. 31
Fault Analysis and Fault Location........................................... 32
Troubleshooting.................................................................. 35
Summary .......................................................................... 37
Chapter 5........................................................................ 39
Loading Faults................................................................ 39
Loading Keeps Failing .......................................................... 39
New Version Launch Problem ................................................ 39
CMB/FUC Board being Unable to Start.................................... 40
Repeated Loading of CMB..................................................... 40
Repeated Loading of DTRU ................................................... 40
DTRU LAPD and HDLC Disconnection Alarms Occurrence after
Loading ............................................................................. 41
Chapter 6........................................................................ 43
Clock Faults .................................................................... 43

Overview ..................................................................... 43
Notification and Alarm of Clock Fault...................................... 43
Cause Analysis of Clock Fault................................................ 44
General Troubleshooting ...................................................... 44
Clock or Frame Number Alarm .............................................. 45
L3 Software Not Responding................................................. 45
Frequent Loss of PLL Lock .................................................... 45
Metal Sound Heard in Conversation ....................................... 45
Clock Frequency Offset Leads to Call Drop in Handover ............ 46
Free Oscillation of Clock Leads to a High Handover Failure Rate . 46
Chapter 7........................................................................ 47
Service Faults................................................................. 47
Overview ........................................................................... 47
General Troubleshooting ...................................................... 47
Low or Fluctuating Signal .....................................................49
Call Drop due to Handover Failure..........................................49
No Traffic or Sudden Increase in Call Drop Ratio ...................... 49
Normal Conversation but Signal Fluctuating ............................ 50
No Connection with Called MS in Idle State ............................. 50
Strong Signals but Unable to Make a Call ................................ 50
Call Drop during Handover....................................................51
Occupation of Carrier for Short Time ...................................... 51
No Occupation of Carrier Cell ................................................51
Long SDCCH Occupation Time ...............................................52
Sudden Increase in Call Drop Ratio ........................................ 53
BTS Overload Message .........................................................53
TCH Assignment Success Ratio Being Low............................... 54
Chapter 8........................................................................ 55
Board Faults ................................................................... 55

Overview ...........................................................................55
Trunk Node Alarm ...............................................................57
E1 Transmission Error Code ..................................................57
Communication Disconnection between EAM and Power Supply.. 58
EAM Trunk Node Alarm ........................................................59
EAM Lightening Arrester Alarm .............................................. 59
Backplane Fault ..................................................................60
No Power Input to Integrated Equipment in Powered Base Station
........................................................................................60
AEM Not in Position and Type Wrong ...................................... 60
Fans on Carrier Layer Stop Rotating ....................................... 61
Wrong Line Connection on Carrier Fan ....................................61
Wrong Setting of Cascaded Site DIP Switch............................. 64
Abnormality of Standby CMB Board........................................64
HW Link Broken for Long Time .............................................. 64
VSWR Alarm of Power Amplifier............................................. 64
Clock Alarms to Active and Standby CMB ................................ 65
Chapter 9........................................................................ 67
Heat Exchanger Faults................................................... 67

Overview ...........................................................................67
Heat Exchanger Starting Fault .............................................. 69
Fan Fault ........................................................................... 69
Poor Heat Exchange in Extreme Temperatures ........................ 70
Main Control Board Fault...................................................... 70
Abnormal Noise .................................................................. 71
Communication Alarm ......................................................... 71
Chapter 10...................................................................... 73
Replacement of Boards and Parts ................................. 73

Overview ........................................................................... 73
Replacement of Boards and Parts .................................... 74
CMB Replacement ............................................................... 74
EIB Replacement ................................................................ 76
EAM Replacement ............................................................... 77
DTRU Replacement ............................................................. 78
AEM Replacement ............................................................... 79
BOAEM Backplane Replacement ............................................ 80
BOBTR Backplane Replacement............................................. 81
Parts Replacement in BOBTR_Fan Plug-in Box ......................... 82
Replacement of the Heat Exchanger ...................................... 85
Trunk Cable Replacement..................................................... 88
RF Cable Replacement ......................................................... 90
Replacement of Cabinet-Top 1/2'' Soft Jumpers....................... 92
Appendix A ..................................................................... 95
Modification of CBA Parameters.................................... 95
Appendix B ..................................................................... 97
Principles of DTMF Signal Generation ........................... 97
Appendix C ..................................................................... 99
BTS DIP Description....................................................... 99
Appendix D................................................................... 101
Abbreviations ............................................................... 101
Appendix E ................................................................... 103
Figures.......................................................................... 103
Tables ...........................................................................105
Index ............................................................................107
About this Manual
Purpose
This manual helps in troubleshooting ZXG10 B8112 (V1.1) Out-
Door Base Transceiver Station.
Intended Audience
This document is intended for engineers and technicians who
perform operation activities on the ZXG10 B8112 (V1.1) Out-
Door Base Transceiver Station.
Prerequisite Skill and Knowledge

To use this document effectively, users should have a general
understanding of wireless telecommunications technology.
Familiarity with the following is helpful:
Have good knowledge of GSM BSS
Be familiar with the principles and networking of the BSS
equipment
Have certain network optimization skills and capabilities
What is in This Manual

This manual contains the following chapters:
TABLE 1 – CHAPTER SUMMARY
Chapter Summary
Chapter 1, Gives an overview of the B8112
Troubleshooting troubleshooting.
Overview
Chapter 2, Introduces the troubleshooting for
Transmission Faults transmission faults.
Chapter 3, Analyzes the faults such as signal
Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION xi

Chapter Summary
Antenna Feeder Faults fluctuation, coverage shrinkage, and
conversation difficulty caused by antenna
feeder equipment problems.
Chapter 4, Voice Faults Analyzes voice faults and describes how to
solve them.
Chapter 5, Loading Analyzes the problems that may occur
Faults during the loading process.
Chapter 6, Clock Faults Analyzes the problems that occur during
clock synchronization.
Chapter 7, Service Analyzes faults that occur during B8112
Faults service.
Chapter 8, Board Faults Introduces the information about the
faulty boards and shows how to solve
these faults.
Chapter 9, Heat Introduces troubleshooting heat exchanger
Exchanger Faults faults such as starting fault, fan fault,
main control board fault, abnormal noise
and electric heater fault.
Chapter 10, Introduces the replacement of boards and
Replacement of Boards parts.
and Parts
Appendix A, Introduces how to modify CBA parameter.
Modification of CBA
Parameter
Appendix B, Principles Introduces the principles of DTMF signal
of DTMF Signal generation.
Generation
Appendix C, Lists all the abbreviations used in this
Abbreviations manual.
Appendix D, Figures Lists all the figures and tables used in this
and Tables manual.
Index Index of terms and definitions appeared in
this manual.
Related Documentation
The following documents are related to this manual:
ZXG10 B8112 (V1.1) Out-Door Base Transceiver Station
Documentation Guide
Technical Manual
Installation Manual
Maintenance Manual (Routine Maintenance)
xii Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

About this Manual
Conventions
Typographical ZTE documents employ the following typographical conventions.
Conventions
TABLE 2 – TYPOGRAPHIC AL CONVENTIONS
Typeface Meaning
Italics References to other Manuals and documents.
“Quotes” Links on screens.
Bold Menus, menu options, function names, input
fields, radio button names, check boxes, drop-
down lists, dialog box names, window names.
CAPS Keys on the keyboard and buttons on screens
and company name.
Constant width Text that you type, program code, files and
directory names, and function names.
[] Optional parameters.
{} Mandatory parameters.
| Select one of the parameters that are delimited
by it.
Note: Provides additional information about a
certain topic.
Checkpoint: Indicates that a particular step needs
to be checked before proceeding further.
Tip: Indicates a suggestion or hint to make things
easier or more productive for the reader.
Mouse TABLE 3 – MOUSE OPERATION CONVENTIONS

Operation
Conventions Typeface Meaning
Click Refers to clicking the primary mouse button (usually
the left mouse button) once.
Double-click Refers to quickly clicking the primary mouse button
(usually the left mouse button) twice.
Right-click Refers to clicking the secondary mouse button
(usually the right mouse button) once.
Drag Refers to pressing and holding a mouse button and
moving the mouse.
Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION xiii

How to Get in Touch

The following sections provide information on how to obtain
support for the documentation and the software.
Customer If you have problems, questions, comments, or suggestions
Support regarding your product, contact us by e-mail at
support@zte.com.cn. You can also call our customer support
center at (86) 755 26771900 and (86) 800-9830-9830.
Documentation ZTE welcomes your comments and suggestions on the quality
Support and usefulness of this document. For further questions,
comments, or suggestions on the documentation, you can
contact us by e-mail at doc@zte.com.cn; or you can fax your
comments and suggestions to (86) 755 26772236. You can also
browse our website at http://support.zte.com.cn, which contains
various interesting subjects like documentation, knowledge base,
forum and service request.
xiv Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

Chapter 1
Troubleshooting Overview
This chapter covers the following sections:

General troubleshooting procedures
Common fault analysis and locating methods
General Troubleshooting
Fault Information Collection
Fault information should be collected from:
Customer’s fault complaints
Exceptions found during routine maintenance or inspection
Alarm notification and messages in the OMCR client
Status of board indicators
Fault Cause Analysis and Locating

After obtaining fault information, the maintenance staff should
analyze the fault causes, judge the possibility of each cause and
start locating the fault.
Faults may be categorized as:
Transmission faults
Antenna feeder faults
Voice faults
Loading faults
Clock faults
Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 1

Service faults
Board faults
This manual provides solution to the above (and related) faults.
Various troubleshooting methods should be used to determine
the actual fault location. Accurate and quick locating of a fault
helps to improve the efficiency of troubleshooting. For detailed
fault analysis and location methods, please refer to the section:
Common Fault Analysis and Locating Methods.
Fault Removal
After locating the actual fault, the maintenance staff should
carefully remove it and recover the normal operation of the
system.
Common Fault Analysis and

Locating Methods
Check Alarms and Operation Log
First step to locate a detected fault is to check alarms and
operation log. Use alarm management and operation log
browsing interfaces of the BSS operation and maintenance
subsystem, iOMCR.
Alarm management interfaces help to observe and analyze

alarm messages reported by each network element (current
alarms, history alarms, and common notification messages). So
a fault can be detected, located, and removed in time.
Viewing the operation log through user management interface,

helps to trace modifications on system parameters, locate the
relevant terminal/operator, and timely detect the faults caused
by personal operations.
Analyze the LED Status

Observe the status of the LED indicators on front panel of each
board in the rack to locate the fault. Hence the maintenance
staff should be familiar with the status and meanings of all
indicators on each board.
2 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

Chapter 1 - Troubleshooting Overview
Use Performance Management

Interface
With performance management interface of the iOMCR, users
can do the following:
Monitor different performance measurement tasks
Observe different performance reports and indices of the BSS
Optimize network by detecting load distribution in the
network and timely adjusting network parameters
Signaling tracing
Analyze Faults with Instruments and

Meters
Using some auxiliary instruments such as the test MS, signaling
analyzer, and BER analyzer, help in analyzing, locating, and
removing faults.
Unplug/ Plug the Board and Check

for Loose Connections
When a board is found faulty, unplug it and then plug-in back.
Do similar with all related external interface connectors as well
as cable connectors to check for loose connections.
Comparison and Replacement

Another method to analyze and locate a fault is to compare and
replace a possible faulty board with a normal board at similar
position in the system (a board in a similar slot in a multi-
module system) in terms of running status, jumpers or
connection cables.
Note: Strictly follow the precautions during unplugging/

plugging the boards.

Isolation
When a part of the system fails, it may be isolated from other
relevant boards or racks, so as to decide if a fault is caused by
their mutual influence or not.
Contact ZTE CORPORATION for

Technical Support
For problems difficult to handle, contact ZTE Customer Support.

Chapter 2
Transmission Faults
This chapter introduces the troubleshooting for transmission

faults.
Generally, transmission faults include:
Transmission Alarm
Transmission Bit Error
Broken Link of O&M with CMB
Unstable link of CMB operation and maintenance
Broken LAPD link of some carriers
Broken LAPD link of carriers of multiple sites
LAPD transient interruption of carriers of multiple sites
No LAPD link establishment between cascaded sites
Overview
Alarm Information at BTS
Following types of alarm information is commonly noticed at BTS:
Broken LAPD link of a BTS site
Broken O&M link of a BTS site
E1 interface frame out of sync
E1 interface code slide notification

Alarm Information at BSC

The following table shows different types of transmission alarm
information which is commonly noticed at BSC:
T AB L E 4 TR AN S M I S S I O N AL AR M S I N F O R M AT I O N AT B S C
Alarm Notification Alarm Cause

Board Description
Code Message Cause Code
This is an alert
from the remote
end. The E1 chip
on the TIC finds
that the alarm flag
is ‘1’ in timeslot 0
Receiving
of the E1 bit
yellow
stream received.
8974 indicator alarm - - TIC
The remote end
on a certain
had set alarm flag
PCM on TIC
to ‘1’ while
sending the E1 bit
stream. The
corresponding E1
indicator does not
flash.
Too many slip
times indicate
Notification of poor transmission.
TIC/SM
8966 PCM slip times - 10 It is exceptional
B
on TIC/SMB when the number
of bit slips
exceeds 100.
Timeslot 0 of an
E1 carries
synchronization
information. The
E1 chip locates
Structure loss the frame,
of the timeslots and bits
receiving according to the
8975 - - TIC
frame on a synchronization
certain PCM on information. This
TIC alarm occurs
when the E1 chip
cannot find the
synchronization
information in
timeslot 0.
1) The received
Loss of signals are lost
signals TIC/SM when an E1 chip
9218 PCM alarm 150 cannot receive an
receive B/DTI
d E1 code. Each E1
works on HDB3
code, a kind of 3-

Chapter 2 - Transmission Faults
Alarm Notification Alarm Cause

Board Description
Code Message Cause Code
level code. This
alarm occurs
when the
transmission
circuit drops out
or the peer
transmission
equipment fails.
2) An all 1's alarm
occurs when two
consecutive
frames (32 × 8
× 2 bits) both
consist of 1s in
the data decoded
from the HDB3
- All 1s Alarm - 151 -
code of an E1.
The two
consecutive
frames shall have
one zero in
timeslot 0. They
cannot both
consist of 1s.
General Troubleshooting Methods

Most transmission faults are caused by transmission bit errors or
TS allocation problems.
Carrying out the bit error test and checking the E1 timeslot
allocation are the basic troubleshooting methods for
transmission faults.
Transmission bit errors
Bit error means that some bits in the digital stream are
found incorrect when receiving, analyzing and regenerating
the signal. Bit error is harmful to the transmission system as
it impairs transmitted information. It may cause system
instability or even cause transmission interruption (when the
BER is over 10-3).
Bit errors are divided by network performance into two
categories:
f Bit errors caused by internal mechanisms
Such bit errors are caused by various noise elements,
phase jitter, multiplexers, cross-connected equipment or
switches, or by inter-symbol interference as a result of
chromatic dispersion of fibers. These bit errors affect the
long-term performance of the system.
f Bit errors caused by pulse interference

Such bit errors are caused by burst pluses such as

electromagnetic interference, equipment failure, and
transient power interference. Many of these bit errors
occur all of a sudden. These bit errors affect the short-
term performance of the system.
TS allocation failure can cause the BTS LAPD interruption
under normal transmission conditions (when there is no
transmission alarm).
The main causes of the TS allocation failure include:
i. The BSC data configured in the background are
inconsistent with the BTS data.
A BTS sets its OAM LAPD timeslot status through DIP
switches. The inconsistency between the background
configuration data and the settings of the DIP switches
can cause LAPD link failure.
ii. The transmission lines are cross connected.
The equipment appears to be in normal transmission
when the transmission and reception ends of a
transmission line are cross-connected.
The BSC and BTS can only check if an E1 has received
signals but cannot check the signal transmission.
Therefore, the transmission problem cannot be found by
checking alarms. You can remove the transmitting E1 on
the either side and check whether the peer side can
receive signals. The BSC can detect a remote alarm on
the downlink. The indicator on the TIC does not flash
when the downlink E1 does not receive signals.
The uplink and downlink signal communication fails and
the base station cannot be normally started when the
transmission lines are cross-connected.
iii. There is an E1 timeslot add/drop multiplexer in the
middle of the transmission path and it causes TS
allocation inconsistency between the BTS and the BSC.
The timeslot add/drop multiplexer multiplexes the E1
timeslots used by different devices into one E1 for
transparent transmission.
The E1 timeslot for the BTS cannot be transmitted
transparently and the BTS LAPD cannot function when
the timeslot add/drop equipment fails or its data
configuration is wrong.

Troubleshooting
Transmission Alarm
Symptoms 1. Check if the TIC or SMB board related to the BTS reports has
all 1s or all 0s alarm. Also see if the indicator of the
corresponding port on the TIC or SMB board is continuously
ON.
Note: The indicator may be normal even in the event of

transmission interruption when a timeslot add/drop multiplexer
is used on the transmission line, because some timeslot
add/drop multiplexers transmit signals even when the peer end
is disconnected.
2. Observe if the SYN indicator on the CMB board is ON or
flashes in red.
Fault Analysis Locate the fault (of the BSC, BTS or transmission) through the
and Location self-loop test and handle the fault accordingly.
Troubleshooting 1. Check if the transmission line from the BSC to the BTS is
normal.
2. Check if the transmission line is normal with the two-way
self-loop test, that is, loop back from BSC end to check if the
BTS indicator status is normal and loop back from B8112 end
to check if the indicator status of the TIC (or SMB) is normal.
3. If it is difficult to determine which segment of the line is
defective, divide the line between the BSC and BTS into
segments and self-loop the line ‘segment by segment’
starting from the segment closest to the BSC. If the all 1s or
all 0s alarm of the TIC (or SMB) board disappears, self-loop
the next segment. If the all 1s or all 0s alarm of the TIC (or
SMB) board appears again after a segment is self-looped,
this segment must be defective.
Transmission Bit Error

Symptoms All the cells at a site have frequent bit error and poor
conversation quality, but the E1 self-loop is normal.
Fault Analysis The clock or CMB board problem causes transmission instability
and thus affects services.
Troubleshooting 1. Make sure whether the connection between an E1 and an EIB
has matching impedance.

2. Measure the clock reference to see whether it is normal.

3. Replace the CMB and/or EIB board.
Broken Link of O&M with CMB

Symptoms The O&M timeslot of a BTS is disconnected and the BTS cannot
be started normally.
Fault Analysis Transmission equipment fault
Incorrect configuration data of BTS O&M timeslot
BTS equipment fault, for example, an E1 interface fault
Timeslot add/drop multiplexer fault
Troubleshooting 1. Do the self-loop test to make sure that transmission line is
normal.
2. Make sure that the timeslot add/drop multiplexer is not
faulty.
3. Make sure that configuration data been downloaded during
the startup of BTS is correct & that there is no software
version conflict.
Note: Good transmission quality is required to download

the software version and data. All the data must be re-
downloaded if downloading is interrupted due to transmission
errors.
4. Make sure that O&M timeslot configuration data of the BTS is
consistent with DIP switch settings on the BTS.
5. Check for the broken LAPD link. This often happens when
two cascaded BTSs share the same OMU timeslot
configuration. The up site BTS is bypassed on its power
failure. The link between the two BTSs cannot be established
and thus LAPD link is broken. To solve this problem, reset
the down site BTS.
6. BTS equipment failure
When the E1 interface is faulty or the E1 interface cable has
a dry solder, the O&M LAPD link of the BTS fails.
Self-loop the BTS to solve this problem. If the E1 indicator of
the BTS is continuously ON after the BTS is self-looped (reset
the BTS after self-looping it), replace the related board(s).
Unstable Link of CMB Operation and

Maintenance

Symptoms The O&M link of the site repeatedly functions for sometime and
fails.
Fault Analysis Observe the O&M signaling of BTS with signaling trace.
Check if signaling is continuous before the BTS is successfully
initialized:
1. If the signaling is discontinuous and the interval between
some signaling is 2 s, then the uplink (from BTS to BSC)
problem is sure but it is not certain about the downlink
problem. If the signaling is continuous, observe the signaling
given in the fault event report. If the same signaling is
reported, it indicates the same fault. Then it is certain about
the downlink (from BSC to BTS) problem.
2. The LAPD link of the BTS works but there are transmission
fault alarms like E1 out of frame, E1 code slide notification,
and CMB out of lock for a long time.
3. It is found through self-loop test that both ends of
transmission link are normal but there are B8112 LAPD
alarms and the B8112 cannot be started normally.
Troubleshooting 1. Check if the BTS, DDF, BSC, and transmission equipment are
well grounded and if the timeslot add/drop multiplexer (if
any) is working normally.
2. Check if the DIP switches of TIC (or SMB) and CMB boards
are set to appropriate positions.
3. The latest versions of iOMCR and BSC support the E1 bit
error test. Self-loop the E1 line ‘segment by segment’ from
the E1 segment closest to the BSC. If the test result of a
segment is abnormal, the problem must be in this segment.
Replace the connection line or equipment on this segment.
4. Use an E1 transmission tester to test the transmission
indices.
5. Check if the B I E C O M file configuration of the BSC is
appropriate in BSC data configuration. For example, check if
the O&M TS configuration is consistent with DIP switch
settings on CMB board.
Broken LAPD Link of All Carriers

Symptoms The LAPD links of all carriers at a site are broken.
Fault Analysis Physical link fault of transmission
CMB board is unable to establish any link, which makes the
whole site configuration unable to be obtained and other
boards unable to establish any link.
Troubleshooting 1. Make sure there is no fault in the physical link between BSC
and B8112 by conducting self-loop tests. Eliminate in turn

the BSC fault, the transmission fault and the BTS equipment
fault.
2. Make sure that the DIP switch settings are correct.
Broken LAPD Link of Some Carriers

Symptoms The LAPD links of some carriers of a BTS are broken and related
alarms are indicated by the LAPD board of the BSC.
Fault Analysis Backplane connection error
DTRU failure
BSC hardware failure
Transmission failure
Troubleshooting 1. Remotely reset CMB to reset the BTS. If system indicates
connection timeout, the communication link from iOMCR to
the CMB must be broken.
2. Check the alarms of all DTRU in the BTS. If any alarm occurs,
follow the steps below to eliminate the fault:
i. Check if the E1 line is correctly connected.
ii. Check if the TIC and LAPD boards on the BSC report
alarms. If so, remove the corresponding fault.
iii. Check if faults occur during transmission. Use a BER
tester to measure the transmission bit error rate. If faults
occur, remove them including transmission equipment
faults and grounding faults.
iv. Check if the DIP switch on the TIC board is set to an
appropriate position (it shall be in the 75 Ω position
when a coaxial cable is used and in the 120 Ω position
when a twisted pair is used).
3. If the LAPD links of DTRU are broken in a single layer instead
of multiple layers, check if the backplane connection is
correct.
4. If the LAPD link of only one DTRU is broken, reset the DTRU.
If the problem persists, replace the DTRU.
Note: No transmission alarm on BSC does not mean the

transmission is normal. Transmission alarms on BSC appear only
when the physical connection is broken and do not appear if
there is transmission bit error or poor grounding.

Broken LAPD Link of Carriers of

Multiple Sites
Symptoms LAPD links of plenty of BTS sites on the same transmission line
or the sites connected to same BSC board are broken.
Fault Analysis The fault of transmission equipment or BSC equipment caused
the links of relevant sites to be broken together.
Troubleshooting Check connections between faulty sites to find out if it is the
same case with BSC-related equipment. Locate the faults and
process them accordingly.
LAPD Transient Interruption of

Carriers of Multiple Sites
Symptoms LAPD links of some BTSs are broken nearly at the same time
and they are automatically recovered in 10 ~ 20 seconds
without any manual intervention.
Fault Analysis The fault may be caused by:
1. Transmission interruption or instability (irregularly up and
down)
The symptom is the transmission alarm or alarm record.
2. Problem of transmission between MP and LAPD boards of the
same BSC
The symptom is that the LAPD links of carriers of the same
LAPD board are broken/recovered in exactly the same time
(in terms of seconds) while the LAPD links of different LAPD
boards are broken/recovered at a time slightly different from
one another.
Note: Check the attributes of related carriers in equipment

configuration so as to decide if these carriers belong to the same
LAPD board, or check the number of carriers on the LAPD board
by using CfgView U1234 (a software facility in the client
directory of the client) and thus know which carriers belong to
the same LAPD board.
3. Reset of the CMB at a BTS
The symptom is that the LAPD links of carriers of a BTS are
broken/recovered at a time slightly different from one
another (the time difference is only several seconds).
Troubleshooting 1. Check if transmission alarms occur during LAPD interruption.
If yes, check if the E1 interface is properly intact.
2. Check whether the transmission equipment is properly
grounded or not.

3. Analyze LAPD interruption and recovery time to find the

faulty LAPD board and then reset it. If the problem still exists,
replace the faulty LAPD board.
4. The system automatically becomes normal without any
manual intervention if the LAPD interruption is caused by
CMB reset.
No LAPD Link Establishment

between Cascaded Sites
Symptoms A lower-level site is unable to establish any link.
Fault Analysis In most cases, the configuration of LAPD timeslot does not
match the DIP switch settings or the O&M timeslot configuration
is incorrect.
Troubleshooting First, interchange the upper-level and lower-level setting of two
sites, confirm that nothing is wrong with physical equipment and
then check DIP switch settings.
Note: When an O&M timeslot and a LAPD timeslot are

multiplexed, a carrier is apt to work abnormal.

Chapter 3
Antenna Feeder Faults
This chapter analyzes the faults such as signal fluctuation,

coverage shrinkage, and conversation difficulty caused by
antenna feeder equipment problems.
Overview
There are many symptoms related to the antenna feeder system
like Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) alarm and poor
uplink/downlink signal quality.
Alarms related to an antenna feeder system:
Major VSWR alarm of a combiner
This alarm occurs when the VSWR value of the antenna
feeder system connected with the combiner is greater than
3.0.
Minor VSWR alarm of a combiner
This alarm occurs when the VSWR value of the antenna
feeder system connected with the combiner is between 1.5
and 3.0.
LNA alarm of a divider
This alarm indicates that the divider is faulty.
Note: The alarms of combiners and dividers are related to

both configuration data and physical connections. Therefore,
make sure that the configuration data are consistent with the
actual physical connections so that the system can correctly
process these alarms.
Following example describes the problem occurring when the
physical connections are inconsistent with data configuration:
Physical connections:
DTRUA - Combiner A - Antenna feeder A
DTRUB - Combiner B - Antenna Feeder B
Data configuration:

DTRUB - Combiner A - Antenna feeder A

DTRUA - Combiner B - Antenna Feeder B
Background combiner A reports a major VSWR alarm when
antenna feeder A has a VSWR of greater than 3. However, the
system blocks DTRU B due to data configuration error. DTRU A
still transmits power. In this case, Cell A does not support
normal calls due to big VSWR and neither does Cell B because it
is blocked due to error.
Replacement
Replace the alarm related CDU with a normal CDU. Check
whether the antenna feeder system is normal.
Connect jumper of the antenna feeder system under fault
suspicion to the antenna port in normal CDU. Give power
through DTRU and check whether the normal CDU reports an
alarm. If an alarm occurs, the fault lies in the antenna feeder
system. If not, the fault lies in CDU.
Step-by-Step Check
One of the following problems may cause a fault of the antenna
feeder system:
f A connector is not well installed
f A connector is not well sealed and so water leaks in
f A jumper or feeder is damaged during installation
f The VSWR of the lightning arrester is too big
f The VSWR of the antenna is too big
f Water enters the antenna
Check the antenna feeder system that is or may be faulty and
determine whether to replace its parts in the step-by-step
troubleshooting method.
Test the VSWR of each cable segment between 1/2" jumper and
antenna. The fault lies with the cable segment (or its connectors)
that has a VSWR of greater than 1.5.
The connection map from the 1/2" jumper to the antenna is as
follows: the 1/2" jumper inside the cabinet (from the N male
connector to the 7/16'' DIN female connector) ÅÆ the 1/2"
jumper from the cabinet top to the sealing window in the wall
(from the 7/16'' DIN male connector to the 7/16'' DIN male
connector) ÅÆ Lightning arrester (from the 7/16'' DIN female
connector to the 7/16'' DIN male connector) ÅÆ the feeder from
the sealing window in the wall to the tower top amplifier (from
the 7/16'' DIN female connector to the 7/16'' DIN female
connector) ÅÆ the 1/2" jumper from the feeder to the tower top
amplifier (from the 7/16'' DIN male connector to the 7/16'' DIN

Chapter 3 - Antenna Feeder Faults
male connector) ÅÆ Tower amplifier (from the 7/16'' DIN

female connector to the 7/16'' DIN female connector) ÅÆ the
1/2" jumper from the tower top amplifier to the antenna (from
the 7/16'' DIN male connector to the 7/16'' DIN male connector)
ÅÆ Antenna (7/16 DIN female connector).
Start checking the parts one by one. Measure their VSWR values.
If the VSWR value of any of them does not satisfy the VSWR
requirement, it must be faulty. Some parts are easily accessible
while others are not such as parts installed on an iron tower.
Therefore first check the easily accessible parts before checking
the parts hard to reach and try to solve such problems on
ground.
Shake the parts to check for loose connections when the
antenna feeder system has VSWR problems. This method is
applicable to the scenario where VSWR alarm occurs at some
time but disappears at the other time.
Note: Disconnect the feed from the tower top amplifier (if
any) before measuring the VSWR of the TX/RX ANT port on the
CDU, lest that short circuits or damages occur to the tester
occur.
Troubleshooting
Incorrect VSWR Alarm Occurs to the
PA
Symptoms AEM VSWR alarms include minor VSWR alarms and major VSWR
alarms. A minor VSWR alarm occurs when the VSWR value is
between 1.5 and 3.0 while a major VSWR alarm occurs when the
VSWR value is greater than 3.0.
Fault Analysis The fault involves a CDU, an antenna feeder system or a DTRU.
Troubleshooting 1. Check if the CDU is faulty.
Check whether the BTS transmits and receives signals
normally through a test mobile.
If the BTS can normally receive/send signals, reset the CDU
and see if any alarm is cleared. If the fault does not appear
after the CDU is reset, it indicates that the CDU misreported
the alarm. Replace the CDU. If the fault re-appears, it
indicates that the CDU reported the alarm correct. Check if
the CDU is faulty by replacing it with a normal CDU.
If the CDU is not faulty, it indicates that the antenna feeder
system is faulty. Go to step 2.

The fault may also lie in the uplink/downlink channel of the

CDU if the BTS cannot normally receive/send signals or the
signal fails. In that case, check if the CDU is faulty by
replacing it with a normal CDU. If nothing is wrong with the
CDU, go to Step 2.
2. Check if the antenna feeder system is faulty.
Test the VSWR of indoor antenna feeder system to check if
the outdoor antenna feeder system is faulty.
Test the VSWR of one connector of the 1/2" jumper that is
connected with the TX/RX ANT port in CDU. Shake the 1/2"
jumper and that at the cabinet top and check whether the
VSWR varies a lot. If so, the cable is not in good contact. If
the VSWR value is more than 1.5, problem lies in the
antenna feeder system. Solve the problem by checking the
antenna feeder system step by step.
Note: Disconnect the feed from the tower top amplifier (if
any) before measuring the VSWR of the TX/RX ANT port on the
CDU, lest that short circuits or damages occur to the tester
occur.
3. If the cause of the VSWR1 alarm cannot be determined after
the above steps, the VSWR alarm processing function of the
CDU may be unstable and the TX/RX ANT port on the CDU
may not well match the 1/2" jumper. Replace the CDU in the
first case and replace both the CDU and the 1/2" jumper in
the second case.
4. Check if the TX port on the DTRU is firmly connected to the
CDU and if the connectors are tightened when the DTRU
reports a VSWR alarm. Also replace the DTRU to check if the
DTRU misreported the alarm.
Tip:
When any major VSWR alarm occurs to a CDU and lasts for a
period of time (1 minute), the CDU reports it to the background.
Upon receiving any major VSWR alarm, the operation and
maintenance unit automatically orders the DTRU to switch OFF
the power amplifier.
PA VSWR Alarm
Symptoms PA VSWR alarm occurs.
Fault Analysis The fault involves a DTRU, an antenna feeder or backplane.
Troubleshooting Replace the faulty DTRU by the DTRU of a normal cell. Check if
the problematic cell and the normal cell report the same alarm.
There are the following possibilities:

The cell originally problematic still reports alarm but the cell
originally normal is still normal. The DTRU has nothing to do
with the alarm and the fault may lie in the PA, antenna
feeder or backplane. In such case, replace boards to rule out
board faults.
The alarm of originally problematic cell disappears but the
cell originally normal reports an alarm, indicating that fault
lies in the DTRU. Replace the DTRU.
The alarm of originally problematic cell disappears and the
cell originally normal does not generate this alarm after they
are replaced. The fault may be caused by poor contact of the
DTRU. Change back the DTRU. If the fault remains, then
problem lies in threshold settings or other hidden troubles. In
such case, further analysis is needed.
Tower Amplifier Power Alarm

Symptoms Tower amplifier power alarm occurs.
Fault Analysis Check for power fault and connection problems.
Troubleshooting Confirm the connection is firm and remove the power fault if any.
Tower Mounted Amplifier Alarm

Symptoms The Tower Mounted Amplifier (TMA) reports an alarm.
Fault Analysis The fault may be related to the CDU, TMA, DTRU or antenna
feeder system.
Troubleshooting 1. Reset the CDU and check if TMA alarm disappears. If it does
not disappear, it indicates that the CDU misreports alarms
and should be replaced.
Note: The CDU automatically disconnects the TMA from

feed when there is a TMA alarm. Therefore, normally the TMA
alarm disappears after the CDU is reset.
2. If the TMA alarm disappears after the CDU is reset,
disconnect the jumper from antenna port on CDU. Check if
the antenna feeder system has any short circuit with a
multimeter. If so, the fault lies in antenna feeder system.
Check the feeder, jumpers, and TMA and locate the short
circuit.
3. Enable the TMA feeder of CDU (turn ON the TMA feeder
through CDU on MMI) if the antenna feeder has no short
circuit. Check if CDU reports any TMA alarm. If an alarm
occurs, the feed output from the CDU is normal.
4. Connect an ammeter and a 120 Ω resistor in series between
the antenna port on the CDU and the 1/2" jumper. Make

sure that external conductor of the port and that of the

jumper are in good electrical connection. Enable the TMA
feed, check if the feed voltage is normal (about 12 V) and
observe if the TMA feed current is within normal working
range of the TMA. The TMA is bypassed if voltage is normal
but current is zero. Replace the TMA.
Note: Another method to see if the TMA is faulty is to

interchange the TMA with a normal TMA if the conditions
required for this step cannot be fulfilled.
5. Replace the TMA if it is faulty. Otherwise, check other parts
of the antenna feeder system and locate the fault.
6. Replace the DTRU if antenna feeder system is found normal.
A problem in the receiving channel of the DTRU can also
cause the fault.
Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) Alarm

Symptoms High current alarm of the LNA
Fault Analysis LNA reports a high current alarm when the current on the LNA is
30% more than the normal operating current. The DTRU that is
connected with this LNA cannot work if both the main and
diversity LNAs are faulty, or cannot work normally even if one
LNA is faulty.
Troubleshooting Replace the AEM.
Coverage Shrinkage
Symptoms The output power of the equipment decreases for a period of
time and the coverage shrinks after the equipment is put into
operation.
Fault Analysis The aging and overload of devices may cause performance
deterioration.
Troubleshooting 1. Make sure that the ambient temperature is not above
standard value.
2. Measure the output power of the BTS. If any problem exists,
replace the AEM.
Poor Uplink Quality

Symptoms The conversation quality is poor and the uplink quality is not as
good as per signaling analysis.
Fault Analysis CPU fault

Problem of the connection from antenna input port of the

CDU to the cabinet top
Antenna feeder system fault
Troubleshooting 1. Check whether the CDU reports a TMA alarm. If so, handle
the fault as in the case of TMA alarm.
2. Check whether the CDU reports LNA alarm. If so, handle the
fault as in the case of LNA alarm.
3. Check if the connection from the antenna input port on the
CDU to the cabinet top is normal. If it is abnormal, replace
the connection cable.
4. Check the VSWR of antenna feeder step by step from the
cabinet top.
Poor Downlink Quality

Symptoms The coverage shrinkage of a BTS results in a blind area within a
certain range. It is not possible to dial/receive calls as before.
The signal quality becomes poor or there is no signal at all in
places where signal quality was originally good, and there are
more dropped calls than before.
Fault Analysis Many technical parameters such as system frequency, sensitivity
and power or the geographical environment (electromagnetic
aspects) may directly influence the coverage of BTS. Technical
parameters of a system are comparatively stable but the
coverage of a BTS installed in a severe environment, maintained
improperly or constructed with poor quality may shrink.
The following factors influence the coverage of a BTS:
Decreased output power of PA
Decreased receiver sensitivity
Inclined azimuth
Changed antenna pitch angle
Changed gain and height
Feeder cable or combiner loss
Changed working frequency and transmission environment
Diversity reception
Troubleshooting 1. Make sure that the ambient temperature is not above
standard value.
2. Check if the threshold of RACH receiving signal level has
changed. If the threshold is much greater than before, it may
decrease the coverage of BTS.
3. Check if there is strong interference which reduces the
receiving sensitivity and coverage of the BTS.

4. Check if the poor connection of RF cable between the DTRU

and the AEM has caused RF signal leakage and loss.
5. Check if the VSWR1 indicator on the AEM panel is ON. If so,
check the VSWR values of jumper, main feeder and antenna
‘segment by segment’ from the output port on the combiner.
Poor contact of the connectors between the cabinet-top
jumper, main feeder and antenna or water leaking into the
feeder cause the transmit power of the BTS to deteriorate
and thus result in coverage shrinkage.
6. Check if the output power of the PA is reduced or not. If the
output power is abnormal, first check if the operating
temperature inside the BTS is too high. Adjust the power if
operating temperature is normal. If the output power is still
too low after adjustment, replace the DTRU.
7. Check if other antennas or obstacles exist around the BTS
antenna. If so, adjust the azimuth and height of the antenna
to reduce the influence.
8. Check if the azimuth and pitch angle of the antenna have
changed since such changes cause the BTS coverage to
shrink. Adjust them in time after confirming such changes.
9. The abundant trees in summer can also greatly affect the
BTS coverage.

Chapter 4
Voice Faults
Common voice faults include single-pass, cross talk, noise, silent

call, and poor conversation quality. This chapter analyzes voice
faults and describes how to solve them.
Overview
Service quality is reflected by voice. There is no related alarm in
the system. So the steps taken in troubleshooting voice faults
are different than those taken in other types of faults.
Single-pass: Only one party in a conversation can hear the
other.
Silent call: Neither party in the conversation can hear the
other.
Cross talk: The party in conversation hears the voice of an
unexpected third party.
Common voice faults include single-pass, cross talk, noise,
silence call, and poor conversation quality.
1. For single pass and silent call, first figure out what the
problem is, many problem of silence call is reported as single
pass.
2. Check if the fault occurs to a single BTS, the BSC or a larger
range. Check the corresponding outgoing trunk and data
when the fault occurs to outgoing calls only. For a fault
limited to the local office, check each part in the fault range.
3. It is recommended to locate the fault through hardware and
data configuration check accompanied by dialing test.

4. For BTS problem, use the test MS to record the frequency

and timeslot occupied by the call and record the BTS site
during drive test.
5. For module problem, determine the trunk occupied by faulty
call and locate the relevant boards through interface
message analysis during the A-interface circuit dialing test.
6. For one-way talk problem, call a fixed phone from MS to
determine whether the fault lies in uplink or downlink.
Troubleshooting
Voice Abnormity for RF Faults
Symptom The RF faults usually cause certain call abnormity, such as call
drop, noise, and silence call.
Fault Analysis Signal missing and poor quality result from RF faults.
Troubleshooting For the faults in a certain carrier, replace the AEM equipment
connected to it.
Voice Abnormity for Configuration

Faults
Symptoms Usually it is because of time slot configuration, abnormity occurs
in the call in some allocated time slots, and it may not occur in a
certain carrier.
Faulty Analysis There are some problems in configured connection relation, and
it usually appears in multiplexing.
Troubleshooting Generally, it can be solved by deleting the site and reconfiguring
it.
Common Cases
Single Pass
Symptoms Calling is normal, but only one side can hear the other side in
call.
Fault Analysis Single pass is one of very complex problems during routine
maintenance and may be caused by:

Chapter 4 - Voice Faults
The PCM time slot connection error between BSC and MSC
(especially check if there is cross-connected line).
The DRT time slot connection error in BSC.
The time slot connection error on DSN/BOSN board.
The imbalance of uplink and downlink power in the edge area
of BTS coverage.
Configuration error in MSC data and the time slot connection
error from MSC to PCM.
Troubleshooting 1. First find out whether the single pass occurs in the internal
GSM system or in the other networks, then use call quality
test of trunk circuit of different office direction for
troubleshooting.
2. If it occurs in the whole range of MSC, check whether the
related personnel of office has modified the MSC data during
cutover (especially check whether there are cross connected
trunk lines at A interface).
3. If it occurs in the whole BSC or a part of BSC, check whether
the DRT version of BSC is correct; if it is correct, perform
active/standby changeover on the DSN/BOSN board of this
BSC, and then test after changeover to observe whether the
fault still exists.
4. If it occurs only in the coverage range of certain BTS, first
check the cell radio parameters and whether the maximum
transmission power of MS is correct; second perform onsite
calling test by test MS to check whether certain time slot of
certain carrier is occupied or it is not related with certain
time slot.
5. If it occurs in a certain carrier frequency without multiplexing,
replace corresponding AEM equipment or connecter. And
make sure the software version is latest.
Silent Call
Symptom Neither side can hear the other in call.
Fault Analysis The symptom of silent call is clear, but users usually complain it
as single pass. So first the fault symptom should be confirmed
by test.
The main causes for silent call are:
1. Transmission cable is self-looped
2. CIC coding of circuitry at MSC side is not identical to that at
BSC side.
3. There is fault on DRT/EDRT or TIC board, few time slots
configurations have no corresponding DSP.

4. There are some problems in few time slots in transmission

cable. When transmitting sharing E1, the time slot
multiplexing equipment is not configured correctly
5. AEM equipment is faulty
Troubleshooting 1. In case the same problem occurs in large numbers of BTS,
the cause may be 1, 2 or 3, take relevant steps to
troubleshoot.
2. In case the same problem occurs in few BTSs, the cause may
be 4, tack relevant steps to troubleshoot.
3. If the problem appears in a certain carrier with no
multiplexing, replace corresponding AEM equipment or
connector. And make sure to update the software to the
latest version.
Poor Voice Quality

Symptoms After the mobile station is powered ON, it can find its network.
The caller and the called both can hear each other but the voice
quality is too poor with obvious noise or discontinuous voice.
Fault Analysis The antenna feeder equipment is faulty or the software is not
proper.
1. If the MS can make calls, the signaling channel is normal.
2. Poor voice quality is caused by the high voice BER at the
radio interface, which in turn is caused by low receiving level,
clock faults or co-channel interference.
The low receiving level may be caused by the following
problems:
f Unreasonable parameter settings
For example, the maximum MS transmitting power for
access, MSTXMAXCCH, and that for power control,
MSTXPWRMAX, both are inconsistent.
f Antenna feeder system fault
Such as the abnormal VSWR, improperly set orientation
and descending angle or acute descending of the antenna
causing the aberration of the field intensity and making
the coverage poor.
f Low transmit power of the BTS
In the BTS equipment, the conversation quality is
affected by incorrect settings of DIP switch on the EIB
board for setting E1 matching impedance.
Troubleshooting 1. View the signal intensity of the MS. If the intensity is low,
the receiving level is too low. Follow the steps below to
eliminate the faults.

i. Check if the RF cable between the DTRU and the

combiner is normal. If not, re-connect it.
ii. Check if the SWR1 indicator on the AEM panel is ON. If so,
check the VSWR values of the jumpers, main feeder, and
antenna ‘segment by segment’ from the combiner output
port, till the cause of VSWR deterioration is found. For
example, check if any connector between the cabinet-top
jumper, main feeder, and antenna is in poor contact or
water intrudes due to poor sealing. Replace the faulty
parts until the fault is removed.
iii. If alarm indicator on the AEM is OFF, check if the azimuth
and pitch angle of the antenna are normal. If not normal,
adjust the antenna.
iv. If the antenna is normal, check if the output power of the
PA is too low as compared to the normal output power.
Adjust the output power if it is abnormal and replace the
DTRU if the output power is still too low after power
adjustment.
v. If the output power is normal, check the measurement
report of BTS. Check if the radio parameters are
reasonably set in the background if the uplink level
difference occurs. Check the maximum transmission
power MsTxPwrMaxCch of the accessed MS (path: Radio
Resource Configuration Æ Cell Æ Modify Æ Radio
Parameters Æ Basic Params 3 Æ MsTxPwrMaxCch)
and the maximum transmission power MsTxPwrMax of
the MS for power control (path: Radio Resource
Configuration Æ Cell Æ POC (Power Control) Æ
Others Æ Maximum Power Level of MS
(MsTxPwrMax)) in the cell radio parameters. In GSM
900 network and GSM 1800 network, these two values
are set as 33 dBm and 30 dBm respectively. Check if the
RF cable between the divider and DTRU is normally
connected when the parameter settings are found normal.
If not normal, re-connect the RF cable.
2. Check whether clock alarms occur at CMB, or visit the site to
view the CLK indicator of the CMB. If the green indicator is
ON, the module is normal (the network synchronization is in
locked status). If the red indicator is ON, replace the CMB. If
the indicator is normal, use LMT to view whether the
frequency error (the 13 MHz clock outputs) is within the
specified range. If the clock is normal, check if the DTRU
reports a phase-locked loop alarm. If there is such an alarm,
replace the DTRU.
3. Correctly set the E1 DIP switch on the EIB (set the coaxial
cable to 75 Ω).
4. Check if co-channel interference occurs, if yes, adjust the
frequency data.
5. Replace the antenna feeder equipment and upgrade the
software to its latest version.

Cross Talk
Symptom The call side (one or both) hear the voice of unexpected third
party.
Faulty Analysis This kind of problem is usually caused by cross-connected line.
If time slot multiplexing equipment is employed, it may be
caused by the time slot switching error of time slot multiplexing
equipment.
Troubleshooting 1. First locate that this problem appears in intra-office or inter-
office call.
If it is intra-office call, check if there is cross-connected line
at A interface first.
If it is inter-office call, check the outgoing circuit first.
If the cross talk appears in a certain BTS, check the
transmission of that BTS in details.
2. If time slot multiplexing equipment is employed in some E1,
block the E1 equipments using the time slot multiplexing
equipment, and then perform test.
Unstable Signal of the Idle MS

Symptoms In idle state, the receiving signals of the MS fluctuate.
Sometimes signals suddenly disappear. After a moment, the
signals appear again.
Fault Analysis The change in received signal level of the MS reflects the change
of the local radio signal intensity. The following factors may
affect the radio signal intensity at a certain place:
Landform
Unstable BTS transmission equipment
For example, the unstable operation of the DTRU PA bearing
the BCCH frequency or unreliable RF connection from the
DTRU to the AEM causes the transmit power of the DTRU to
be unstable. This results in MS signal instability.
Cell reselection
Troubleshooting 1. Analyze whether the place is covered by multiple overlapped
cells. If yes, check the reselection relations and reselection
parameter settings between cells. Reset the cell reselection
relations since its improper settings may cause the mobile
phone to drop out of and access the network again.
2. Check if the RF cable between the DTRU and the AEM is
connected firmly. If not, connect it correctly.
3. Test the output power of the PA and observe whether the
test signal level greatly fluctuates to judge whether the BTS

transmit equipment is working normal or not. If the BTS

transmit equipment is faulty, replace the DTRU.
4. Check the landform 500 meters around the mobile station. If
multiple obstacles exist within 500 meters radius around the
mobile station, the received signal of the MS is the overlap of
various reflected waves, which results in the short fading
(Raleigh Fading) and a 10 dBm ~ 20 dBm change to the
received signal of the MS according to the radio propagation
theory. If there are obstacles nearby, adjust the azimuth and
height of the antenna.
Unstable MS Signal during

Conversation
Symptoms Unstable MS Signal during conversation
Fault Analysis If the TCH and BCCH occupied by the MS do not belong to
the same carrier and the DTRU where the TCH resides is
working unstably, it causes the MS to present strong signal
in idle state and weak signal during conversation.
Too frequent MS handover (ping-pong handover) causes
unstable MS signals during conversation.
Troubleshooting 1. Check whether unstable signal occurs at some time slots of a
carrier or multiple carriers in dynamic data management (or
use a mobile phone to perform on the spot dialing test).
2. If the unstable signal occurs to some time slots of a carrier,
eliminate the fault by the steps below:
i. Reset the carrier
ii. Check if RF cable between the DTRU and the combiner,
and that between the divider and the DTRU is connected
normally. If there is connection abnormity of RF cable
connection, reconnect.
iii. Replace the DTRU.
3. If unstable signal occurs to multiple carriers of a cell,
eliminate the fault by the steps below:
i. Check if the main and diversity antennas of the abnormal
cell are consistent in azimuth and pitch angle. If not,
adjust them.
ii. Measure the VSWR of the antenna feeder system and
check if the connector of the antenna feeder system is
firmly intact.
Echo when MS is in Call

Symptoms Echo heard when MS is in a call

Fault Analysis The main causes of echo when MS is in call are:

Faults in the echo canceller between the PLMN and the PSTN.
If the TC (Transcoder) unit for transcoding and rate
adaptation at the BSC end is faulty.
The transmit circuit of the MS is faulty.
A loop resulting from improper routine maintenance of the A
interface circuit or Abis interface circuit.
The device responsible for voice decoding in the DTRU fails.
Troubleshooting 1. Eliminate the MS fault which causes echoes.
2. Confirm whether echo only occurs to the PLMN and PSTN
subscribers in conversation. If yes, the EC has the defect.
3. Check whether loops occur at the A interface and Abis
interface. If yes, cancel the loop.
4. Replace the DTRU.
5. Check whether alarms appear in the DRT (EDRT) board at
the BSC end, if yes, reset the board. If it does not work,
attempt to replace the DRT (EDRT) board.
Poor Busy-hour Conversation

Quality
Symptoms The conversation quality is poor in case of large traffic but
becomes normal when there is little traffic.
Fault Analysis Such a fault may be related to the equipment itself, the antenna
feeder system or external interference.
Troubleshooting 1. Observe the interference band through the background. The
interference band is 5 when the conversation quality is poor
and 1 when the conversation quality is normal. Therefore, it
can be decided whether the problem is caused by external
interference.
2. Adjust the direction of antenna. If the interference in a
direction is very strong, it indicates that the antenna feeder
and the equipment are normal.
3. The interference is related to the traffic according to the
symptom and it is thus preliminarily determined that the
fault is caused by the indoor repeater system.
4. Turn OFF the repeater of BTS and check whether the fault
still exists.
5. Observe the interference and determine the interference
direction through a frequency scanner.

Noise in Outgoing Toll Call

Symptoms Good conversation quality in intra-office call, but noise appears
in outgoing calls.
Fault Analysis This fault may be related to E1 and timeslot multiplexer. Test
the toll circuits one by one to locate the faulty line.
Troubleshooting Make test calls on the toll call circuits one by one. Check if the
four E1 have poor conversation quality. If so, check the toll call
circuits. If timeslot multiplexer is faulty, replace the relevant
circuits.
Typical Fault Case

Problems such as single-way talk, two-way blocking or crosstalk
often occur to the BSS during routine maintenance. These
problems are rather similar and are different symptoms of the
same fault in most cases. Therefore refer to such problems as
single-way talk.
The fault location of the typical single pass in GSM BSS network
is introduced in this section.
Collecting Fault Information

Before handling such problems, the first thing for an engineer to
do is to collect and analyze subscribers’ complaints.
Generally, single-way talk problem is always discovered by
subscribers and reported by them to the customer service center
of the operator. The customer service center of the operator
reports the problem to the maintenance engineer of the operator,
who then reports it to the onsite engineer of ZTE.
Because the problem description (symptom) is transferred
through multiple hands, it may not necessarily describe the
exact problem. Therefore, the onsite engineer should pay a visit
to the complaining subscriber to understand the exact problem.
The following details should be recorded:
The MS number of the complaining subscriber and the model
of the MS used.
The location where the complaining subscriber found such a
problem.
The frequency of fault occurrence, that is, one single-way
talk problem occurs in how many calls.
The number dialed by the subscriber.

Whether it is single-way talk, two-way blocking, crosstalk or

poor conversation quality.
The BTS distribution around the subscriber and which cell the
subscriber was most probably in when the problem occurred.
Whether the single-way talk problem occurs to one, two or
more BTSs.
When the problem started? Whether any big network
adjustment or data modification operation was done few
days before and after the problem.
Note: The subscriber’s description of the problem may

slightly differ from the exact problem. Therefore, maintenance
staff should collect all the relevant original information from the
customer as much as possible.
Fault Analysis and Fault Location

1. Determine a rough range of fault occurrence
After collecting the fault information, analyze and locate the
fault according to the following principles:
i. Check if the problem is caused by MS itself.
If some subscribers use MSs of poor quality or improperly
use their MSs, the single-way talk problem may occur.
Therefore, try to use another MS of the same model and
make a dialing test to check if the problem disappears or
not. If the problem disappears, it indicates that the MS
used by the subscriber is problematic.
ii. Check if the problem is caused by radio defects.
First confirm if the fault is single-way talk, two-way
blocking or crosstalk rather than poor conversation
problem. When severe radio interference exists in the
uplink or downlink, the subscriber is not able to hear any
voice for a short interval of time and thus experiences it
as single-way talk problem. Confirm if the problem is
caused by interference by making dialing test at the site,
or check the performance analysis report and see if
uplink/downlink interference exists and whether the
conversation quality is poor.
iii. Check if the problem is caused by BTS.
If the problem occurs only to one or two BTSs, then the
BTS(s) must be faulty.
iv. Check if the problem is caused by BSC.
If the problem occurs to most BTSs under the same BSC,
generally something is wrong with the BSC and has
nothing to do with BTSs.

v. Check if the problem is caused by MSC or GMSC.

Generally, the BSC is connected to the MSC of other
vendors. Ask if the BSCs of the other vendors connected
to such an MSC also have such a problem. If they also
have such a problem and the frequency of problem
occurrence is almost the same, then it is related to the
MSC rather than BSCs.
2. Onsite dialing test
To know the exact problem, onsite dialing test is required for
the hot spot complained.
During the test, a special test MS (generally SAGEM) is
recommended. Such a special test MS can display cell
information, lock the frequency, and implement forced
handover. Also modify the parameters of the cell to be tested
so as to allow only the test MS to access the cell, which is to
avoid the interference of ordinary subscribers on the test. For
the detailed operations, refer to Appendix A, Modification of
CBA Parameters. Suppose the actual networking is as shown
in Figure 1.
FIGURE 1 – NETWORKING OF THE SYSTEM
MSC
BSC1 BSC2
B8112
OB06 1 1 B8112
OB06 22 B8112
OB06 3 3 B8112
OB06 44
Mobile phone A Mobile phone B
Suppose BSC1-BTS2 is the hot spot complained by the

subscriber, BSC1 is a BSC provided by ZTE, BTS1 is an adjacent
cell, and BSC2 and the BTSs connected to it are all normal.
i. Test
Lock MS A to the frequency of BTS2.
Make calls from MS A to MS B till the single-way talk
problem occurs to a call. Keep the call.
ii. Record

Record the cell where MS A resides, the used BCCH/TCH

frequency, the timeslot number, and whether a high BER
exists in the downlink.
Record the MSC A interface CIC occupied by the call
originated by MS A and the used voice code. If conditions
permit subscriber tracing, trace and save the whole call
signaling of this subscriber.
iii. Confirmation
If it is difficult to determine whether MS A or MS B has
the single-way talk problem, use another MS C to call MS
A for a third-party service. If the single-way talk problem
also occurs to the conversation between MS A and MS C,
it indicates that MS A is problematic. Otherwise, MS B is
problematic. Similarly, use another MS C to call MS B and
determine if MS B is faulty.
Also judge which end has the problem by the use of
DTMF, for example, press a numeric key on MS A if the
voice is normal when MS B calls MS A but no voice is
heard when MS A calls MS B, to check if MS B can hear
the DTMF sound. If MS B can hear the DTMF sound, it
indicates that something is wrong with the path from MS
A to the MSC. Otherwise, it indicates that something is
wrong with the path from the MSC to MS B. For details of
the DTMF principles, refer to Appendix B, Principles of
DTMF Signal Generation.
iv. Handover
If BTS2 is a directional BTS and contains more than one
cell and suppose the current MS A is in Cell 1, forcibly
hand over MS A to Cell 2 and see if the single-way talk
problem still exists. If the problem disappears, it
indicates that something is wrong with the TRM/ETRM of
Cell 1.
If BTS2 is an omni BTS and contains only one cell,
forcibly hand over MS A to its adjacent cell (BSC1-BTS1
for example) and see if the single-way talk problem still
exists. If the problem disappears, it means that BTS2 is
faulty.
Hand over MS A from BTS2 to BTS3 to see if the problem
disappears. If the fault belongs only to BSC1, the single-
way talk problem disappears after handover.
3. Voice route analysis
The principles of the BSC and those of the B8112 indicate
that the mobile phone A - MSC during a conversation needs
to employ the path: MS – antenna – AEM -- DTRU – CMB --
Abis interface/ transmission equipment – TIC – BIPP – BOSN
– TCPP – EDRT – AIPP -- TIC -- A interface/transmission
equipment -- MSC.

Of the above paths, only the BOSN board of the BSC

provides the switching function while the physical timeslots
on the other boards correspond one to one.
If the B8112 is considered faulty, doubt the path: antenna -
- AEM -- DTRU – CMB -- Abis interface/transmission
equipment – TIC – BIPP -- BOSN.
If the BSC is considered faulty, doubt the path: BOSN – TCPP
– EDRT – AIPP – TIC -- A interface/transmission equipment -
- MSC.
Troubleshooting
1. Solving the BTS fault
If the fault is caused due to the BTS problem, solve it by
taking the steps below:
f Check if the software of all boards of BTS is normal
without software mismatch.
f Check if there is any abnormal alarm of the BTS.
f Delete the BTS hardware data and reconfigure them so
as to rule out data errors.
f Replace the problematic DTRU board and see if the fault
is caused by the DTRU.
f Replace the CMB board of the BTS and see if the fault
disappears.
f Modify the data and connect the BTS to another port if
another Abis interface exists. If the fault disappears,
replace the TIC board and the BIPP board in turn to see
which board caused the fault.
2. Solving the BSC fault
i. Test
If most of the BTSs have this fault, test the BSC. If the
equipment room contains a BTS of the BSC, use a test
MS to directly perform the frequency locking test.
Otherwise, install a temporary BTS for the test. Generally,
conduct the test after 0000 Hrs to facilitate fault location
and avoid influence on subscribers.
Most single-way talk problems are related to the A
interface circuit. It is recommended to conduct the dialing
test on the A interface.
ii. Record
During the test, record the A interface CIC occupied by
each call and carefully identify if the fault symptom is the
same every time.
iii. Judgment and handling

f Judge if the fault is related to modules.

In a large BSC, there are generally a central module and
several peripheral modules. During the test, judge
whether the fault is related to all peripheral modules or a
single peripheral module.
If the fault is related to a single module according to the
complaint and onsite dialing test, focus on the peripheral
module and the connection cable between the peripheral
module and the central module. If the fault is related to
all peripheral modules, focus on the central module and
the A interface circuit.
iv. Board switchover
Many boards of the BSC such as BOSN and PP adopt the
hot active/standby mode. If judged fault is related to
such boards during the test, switchover such boards to
determine if the fault is actually related to these boards.
v. Board resetting
Many fault symptoms may disappear after board
resetting but the board resetting method is not
recommended before the fault is completely located, lest
that the fault re-occur.
vi. A interface check
One possibility is that single pass is related to a particular
A interface circuit. In such case, possibly the A interface
circuit line is cross-connected with another circuit line if
the single-way talk problem occurs to all the timeslots of
a 2 MHz circuit as shown in Figure 2. If single-way talk
occurs to a single timeslot, generally the problem does
not lie in the cable, so focus on boards such as EDRT and
BOSN. If necessary, do switchover, reset or replace
boards to determine which board is faulty.
FIGURE 2 – EXAMPLE OF CROSS-CONNECTED LINE
BSC MSC
Circuit 1 Circuit 1
Normal
Circuit 2 Circuit 2
BSC MSC
Circuit 1 Circuit 1
Single pass
Circuit 2 Circuit 2

Another possibility is that one-way talk is not necessarily related

to a particular A interface circuit. In such case, generally the
problem does not lie in the cable (if a timeslot is normal at one
time but abnormal at another time), so focus on boards such as
BOSN and EDRT.
Summary
Single-way talk is one of very complex problems during routine
maintenance and may be caused by:
Problems of the MS
The design, aging or fault of some MSs may cause single-
way talk.
BTS equipment problems
For example, an individual timeslot of the DTRU or CMB
board is faulty.
Problems of the Abis interface circuit
For example, an individual timeslot is embezzled by
subscribers or the TIC or PP board is faulty.
Problems of the connection cable between the peripheral
module and the central module
BOSN board problems
Problems of the EDRT, TIPP, AIPP or TIC board, mostly EDRT
Problems of the A interface
Any cable is incorrectly connected or the wires are cross-
connected.
Data problems
Such as incorrect CIC correspondence occurs between BSC
and MSC.


Chapter 5
Loading Faults
This chapter analyzes the problems that may occur during the
loading process.
Troubleshooting
Loading Keeps Failing
Symptoms The loading process keeps repeating and the BTS site keeps
restarting and cannot start normal operation.
Fault Analysis There is more than one cause for this fault. Signaling analysis
helps to find the causes:
A transmission error leads to reloading.
A software version rejects loading.
A software version is unable to be started.
Troubleshooting 1. Check for any transmission error and remove.
2. Update the software version so that it matches the hardware.
Precautions Load the software strictly in accordance with upgrade procedure.
New Version Launch Problem

Symptoms CMB repeatedly loads versions and restarts.
Fault Analysis B8112 versions later than 6.00.100c support EAM version
loading. If no corresponding EAM version exists on the OMCR,
the CMB repeatedly requests the background for the EAM
version.
Troubleshooting Upgrade the OMCR version or downgrade the B8112 version to a
version earlier than 6.00.100c.

Precautions None.
CMB/FUC Board being Unable to

Start
Symptoms When restarted after the download, the CMB/FUC board cannot
start and its indicator stops flashing.
Fault Analysis The downloaded software version CLG/FLG is incompatible with
hardware.
Troubleshooting Strictly follow the upgrade procedure and download the
software version to the defective board by using the local
downloading tool.
Repeated Loading of CMB

Symptoms The CMB of the BTS site keeps restarting and loading, the DTRU
LAPD link is broken and the system indicates a cell interruption
alarm.
Fault Analysis CMB version mismatch or packet loss in transmission
Troubleshooting 1. Analyze the Abis signaling tracing and observe whether
the CMB has been loaded.
2. Check the transmission if:
f The B8112 makes no answer during loading.
f Re-transmission of loaded data exceeds certain number
of times which leads to re-initiation of the loading.
3. If loading is successful, but software fails to activate, check
whether a correct version is loaded.
Repeated Loading of DTRU

Symptoms The CMB loading is completed, the configuration data is normally
received, and the HDLC link of the DTRU is established, but the
DTRU keeps on loading and resetting.
Fault Analysis There is a software version mismatch of DTRU.
Troubleshooting Check the compatibility between the DTRU software and the
current hardware.

Chapter 5 - Loading Faults
DTRU LAPD and HDLC

Disconnection Alarms Occurrence
after Loading
Symptoms The DTRU enters deadlock or is repeatedly loaded or restarted.
Fault Analysis The software version and the hardware do not match.
Troubleshooting Download the BOSN version again.


Chapter 6
Clock Faults
This chapter analyzes the problems that occur during clock

synchronization.
Overview
Notification and Alarm of Clock Fault
Faults related to clock include CMB alarm, DTRU alarm, slow
network access of mobile phone, failed handover, and poor
conversation quality.
The system generates related alarms for the first two symptoms.
So handle the faults according to the alarms.
However, the system does not generate any alarm for the last
three fault symptoms, which are quite related to the BTS clock.
Therefore check if exceptions occur to the clock during the
troubleshooting process.
The following alarms are related to the clock:
Abnormal Clock (13M, FCLK, SYNCLK)
The accumulative frame number of the software being
inconsistent with the accumulative frame number of the
hardware
The L3 Software of FUC not responding temporarily
Alarm of the clock between the TPU and the CMB
TPU frame number alarm
Local oscillator PLL1 or PLL2 of the receive RF being out of
lock
Local oscillator PLL1 or PLL2 of the transmit RF being out of
lock

PLL of the 52 MHz reference clock being out of lock

Local oscillator PLL of the transmitted IF being out of lock
DLRC_AL downward check error
Cause Analysis of Clock Fault

The root cause of a clock fault is that the clock provided by the
BTS clock unit deviates much from the clock required for normal
running of the BTS. The symptom is sometimes that the RF unit
does not get a precise clock.
The clock fault may be caused by the following:
CMB generates inaccurate 13 MHz clock signals.
CMB generates unstable 13 MHz clock signals.
CMB keeps in sync with the external clock but the clock
reference received from BSC is not stable.
PLL of the DTRU is faulty.
Clock cable between the CMB and the DTRU is in poor
contact or suffers high interference.
PLL is deadlocked.
1. Clock Module Reset/Restart
i. Reset the alarming modules (CMB and DTRU).
ii. Turn the power of the alarming modules (CMB and DTRU)
OFF.
iii. If the fault is removed, it means that there is no problem
with the hardware and the fault is caused by the deadlock
of PLL.
2. Carrier Clock Faults
Check the clock cable between the CMB and the DTRU when
the DTRU reports a PLL out-of-lock alarm. Replace the CMB if
clock cable is found normal and finally replace the DTRU if
the problem still exists.

Chapter 6 - Clock Faults
Troubleshooting
Clock or Frame Number Alarm
Symptoms Clock alarms and frame number alarms occur to the CMB and
the DTRU.
Fault Analysis The CMB reference clock offsets during internal
synchronization.
External synchronization becomes abnormal and the CMB
phase lock becomes difficult.
Troubleshooting 1. Check the CMB reference clock.
2. Align the CMB reference clock during internal synchronization.
Check the transmission during external synchronization.
L3 Software Not Responding

Symptoms An alarm of ‘no software response' occurs to the DTRU and calls
often drop.
Fault Analysis The clock transmission between the CMB and the DTRU
becomes faulty.
HDLC link becomes unstable.
The DTRU does not work normally.
Troubleshooting Check the backplane and replace the DTRU.
Frequent Loss of PLL Lock

Symptoms The PLL alarm occurs, but is soon recovered. This keeps
repeating.
Fault Analysis The PLL is out of lock due to unstable clock and this is different
from the permanent out-of-lock situation of the PLL due to
hardware faults.
Troubleshooting Check the clock and backplane, and try plugging/unplugging or
replacing the DTRU.
Metal Sound Heard in Conversation

Symptoms A sharp noise like the metal collision sound is heard during the
conversation for calls on the fixed carrier.

Fault Analysis The clock deviation causes bit errors and error frames during the
decoding process.
Troubleshooting Check the clock and backplane, and also try
plugging/unplugging or replacing the DTRU.
Clock Frequency Offset Leads to

Call Drop in Handover
Symptoms In the internal handover of the GSM1800 system, call drop
sometimes occurs, but the signal level is normal and there is no
interference.
Fault Analysis The onsite test results show that the BTSs have large frequency
offset and the frequency offset of 13 MHz clocks of some BTSs is
as high as 2.5 Hz (far more than the standard value of 0.65 Hz).
Many BTSs report 8 kHz clock alarms to the alarm system. MSC
often reports the ‘normal/abnormal phase locking of the clock
software’ alarm, indicating that the clock of MSC is also
inaccurate. Therefore, it can be determined that the unstable
MSC clock greatly contributes to the call drop problem during
handover.
Troubleshooting Adjust the MSC clock reference source. The BTS clock
becomes stable, the 8 kHz input clock error alarm disappears
and no calls drop during handover.
Free Oscillation of Clock Leads to a

High Handover Failure Rate
Symptoms There is a high rate of inter-BSC handover failure for a BTS
newly deployed BTS, although the data configuration and clock
of the BTS are both normal.
Fault Analysis An inter-BSC handover failure can be caused by either of the two
BSCs.
The test results show that some BTSs from other vendors
adjacent to the BTS of ZTE are in frees oscillation mode. The
clock of ZTE BTS is normal but the BTSs from other vendors
have a large clock deviation. This causes frequent handover
between ZTE BTS and the BTSs from other vendors.
Troubleshooting Adjust the clock working mode of the BTSs from other
vendors.

Chapter 7
Service Faults
This chapter analyzes faults that occur during B8112 service and
only MS can observe these faults like ‘MS cannot be called’,
weak signal, poor voice quality, and handover faults.
Overview
Service faults indicate those faults that occur during call setup
and call process. These faults affect the service quality of
operator. During these faults, BTS does not indicate any alarm
so extensive tests are carried out to locate these faults.
Following are causes of service related faults:
Data configuration error or physical connection error during
commissioning
Hardware detection problems
Environmental problems such as coverage change caused by
flourishing trees in summer
Antenna feeder system problem
Network optimization problem such as same BCCH and
improper parameter setting
For general troubleshooting, follow these steps:
1. BTS Test Call
i. Instruments for Test Call
SAGEM MS or NOKIA Test MS
ii. Test Procedure
In urban areas, test call should be dialed 200 - 300
meters away from antenna.

In non-urban areas, test call should be dialed from 500 –

1000 meters away from antenna.
It is required that test calls use each carrier. Record the
level and quality of each call on every time slot and
carrier.
Record the test call data as in Table 5.
TABLE 5 – RECORDS FOR TEST CALL
TRX 1
Timeslot 0
Timeslot 1
Timeslot 2
Timeslot 3
Timeslot 4
Timeslot 5
Timeslot 6
Timeslot 7
CELL ID
CH
RXLEV
RQ
CH
RXLEV
RQ
iii. Observe Data after Test Call

Observe the data captured during the test calls and check
receive level or voice quality of carriers. If there is any
problem, inform the optimization team.
2. Statistical Report on performance
Generate a report that covers all performance indices. For
the problems related to voice calls, do the following:
i. Check interference band
ii. Check uplink and downlink level
iii. Check uplink and downlink quality
iv. Check SDCCH, TCH assignment time
v. Check SDCCH, TCH Assignment success ratio
For handover problems, do the following:
1. Check handover attempts and handover success ratio.
2. Observe the specific handover data of the problematic cell by
creating a handover observation task.
3. Signaling Procedure Analysis
Find the problem in call process through drive test data and
Abis/A interface signaling analysis. This method requires that
the user should be quite familiar with signaling procedures.
For the descriptions of the signaling procedures, see related
documents.

Chapter 7 - Service Faults
Troubleshooting
Low or Fluctuating Signal
Symptoms MS indicates low signal and sharply fluctuating signal even in the
stationary state.
Fault Analysis Transmission power is not stable.
GPRS commissioning fault
Troubleshooting 1. Check whether this problem occurs to every MS.
2. Check the connection between CDU and RF portion.
3. Check if any GPRS service has been commissioned or if there
is any GRPS-related information in the cell system messages.
Solve the problem according to the message indication.
4. Measure the output power.
Call Drop due to Handover Failure

Symptoms During the call when MS moves from one place to another, the
call drops due to handover failure.
Fault Analysis Handover relationship settings
Assignment of impractical parameters
Poor network coverage
Clock offset
Troubleshooting 1. Check the channel assignment of neighboring cell.
2. Check the handover parameters.
3. Check the coverage area of cell.
4. Observe signal receiving status of the moving MS and the
signal quality of adjacent cells.
No Traffic or Sudden Increase in Call

Drop Ratio
Symptoms No call process in the cell during busy hours
MS in the coverage area can not make call or even can not
access the network
A call suddenly drops

Fault Analysis Failure of component inside TRX as a result of environmental

interference.
Troubleshooting Reset CMB or TRX for a short time to recover the fault and
upgrade the software later on.
Normal Conversation but Signal

Fluctuating
Symptoms The MS is idle or in conversation without fast moving, the signal
level suddenly drops but conversation is normal.
Fault Analysis The CS status is influenced when some MSs perform the PS
ATTACH operation and the MSs indicate CS signal fluctuation
when the ATTACH operation fails (due to GPRS configuration
errors).
Troubleshooting Check the GPRS configuration or disable GPRS option of the
cell.
No Connection with Called MS in

Idle State
Symptoms The called MS is idle, the cell also has idle channels but caller
receives a message that the called MS is not in service area.
Fault Analysis There are two possibilities of this fault:
MS does not get the paging massage from the BTS due to
congestion and non-availability of traffic channels.
The called MS uses packet switching ‘PS ATTACH’ for GPRS.
Therefore it cannot respond to circuit switching (CS) paging
message.
Hence the periodic location update does not occur and due to
above two possibilities the network treats the MS as not in
service area.
Troubleshooting Check whether the Packet switching (PS) service authority of
MS and PS configuration of cell is correct.
Strong Signals but Unable to Make a

Call
Symptoms MS screen indicates good signals but can not make a call.
Indices of performance statistics of this cell are zero. Fault is
cleared after the BCCH of this cell is reset.
Fault Analysis BCCH of the cell fails and cannot receive any signal from the MS.

Troubleshooting Reset the BCCH Carrier.
Note: When this problem occurs to a carrier other than the

BCCH, the symptom is that this carrier has a high call drop ratio.
Call Drop during Handover

Symptoms MS receives weak signals during conversation due to which it
does not handover to the neighboring cell and the call drops.
Fault Analysis Followings are the possibilities for handover failure:
Signal quality of current cell deteriorates
Poor network coverage
Improper adjacent cell configuration
Inaccurate BTS clock
Troubleshooting Check the Network parameters configuration
Check the Handover parameter configuration
Calibrate the BTS clock
Occupation of Carrier for Short Time

Symptoms The carrier is assigned normally but it cannot be occupied for
long time.
Fault Analysis As TCH is assigned normally, it means that data configuration is
correct. Therefore the problem lies in hardware and connections.
Troubleshooting 1. Check the connection of RF cable as well as connectors
between DTRU-PA. Replace the RF cable if necessary.
2. Open the dynamic management window in the background.
Observe the timeslot occupation of carrier by dialing test
calls on site. If the symptom remains while a timeslot is
occupied, reset the carrier and check if the fault disappears.
If the fault persists, change the carrier.
3. Check the RF cable connections between the signal input
ends and divider output ends of carrier.
No Occupation of Carrier Cell

Symptoms Through the dynamic data-management it is found that carrier is
not occupied by traffic while other status of this carrier is normal.
Fault Analysis Following are the possibilities of fault:

Decrease in TCH priority-assignment of this cell. This priority

is assigned in ZTE BSC Algorithm. This time slot cannot be
assigned until the traffic becomes heavy.
Pins of carrier and backplane are not in good contact, but the
status observed by dynamic data management is normal.
Output power of PA and carrier is less than that of other
carriers.
Troubleshooting For troubleshooting this problem, perform the following steps:
1. Observe the time slot occupancy of this carrier to confirm
the problem.
2. During low traffic at night, block the TCH time slots of other
carriers by blocking logical channels (Do not block SDCCH).
3. Observe again the occupancy of TCH. If TCH is occupied for
long time then the fault is because of error in assignment
algorithm.
4. If the timeslot is temporarily occupied (for less than or equal
to 10 seconds), check whether there is any faulty timeslot in
this carrier. Reset the carrier and continue the observation.
5. If the problem still exists then check the output power of the
carrier or PA and confirm that it is not low. Go to the BTS
site and check if the TRU-PA-divider RF cables are connected
properly. Also check whether TRU is properly installed in the
backplane. Replace it with other TRU and then observe the
system.
Long SDCCH Occupation Time

Symptoms Occupation of SDCCH is more than the normal time.
Fault Analysis Trace and observe the occupancy of the SDCCH in the iOMCR
dynamic data management window. This problem relates to
the carrier of SDCCH.
For a new site, it is also possible that MSC does not verify
the Cell Identity (CI), causing the failure of MS location
update.
Bit errors occur in the transmission.
Troubleshooting 1. Check the SMB/TIC board of the BSC whether some one
replaced it recently. Also check the configuration of DIP
switch of the SMB/TIC. Bit errors are due to the mismatched
impedance of the SMB/TIC DIP switch. BTS has the capability
to resist bit errors without generating any abnormal alarm.
However user can measure bit error with a BER tester.
2. Configure the channel for this carrier or change the carrier,
to rule out the carrier time slot problem.

3. If the test MS is SAGEM, this problem may appear, while this

phenomenon does not occur in the other MS at the same
time and in the same place.
Sudden Increase in Call Drop Ratio

Symptoms Call drop ratio in a cell increases suddenly.
Fault Analysis Physical disconnection or wrong parameter settings cause
sudden call drop ratio.
Troubleshooting 1. Check the operation log and confirm the recent parameter
changes that may affect the network.
2. Check whether the antenna feeder system displaced before
the increase of drop ratio. If yes, go to the BTS site and
check the connection of antenna feeder and the Standing
Wave Ratio (SWR).
3. Observe the alarm record of CMB board. Check if there is any
abnormal transmission alarm.
4. Check every alarm of each carrier to watch RPP to CHP main
set or diversity uplink data check error. If so replace the
carrier.
5. Block the TCH of all carriers except one carrier through
dynamic data management (Do not block the SDCCH).
Carefully observe the timeslot occupancy of this carrier.
6. Check if the occupancy of certain time slot is less than 10 sec.
Remotely reset the DTRU of the carrier with faulty time slot;
observe if the call drop ratio is improved (observe by using
counter, the granularity is 5 minutes).
BTS Overload Message

Symptoms BTS cannot support any call. Overload messages of the BTS are
indicated in signaling trace.
Fault Analysis External Interference
CMB/EIB Fault
Incorrect cable-connection at backplane
Troubleshooting 1. Check cable connections at backplane.
2. Check the interference band and use alternative frequency.
3. Replace the CMB/EIB.

TCH Assignment Success Ratio

Being Low
Symptoms Hard to make a call within the cell
TCH assignment success ratio is low (just about 30% - 40%)
but soon recovers after some time.
Fault Analysis TCH assignment is correct but success ratio is low, which shows
the data configuration is correct and the problem is due to
hardware fault.
Troubleshooting During the low traffic time, block all TCH of the other carriers
except one TCH through dynamic data management. Trace
the faulty DTRU and TCH using call-testing procedure.
Handle the fault according to alarm information. If unsuccessful,
follow the steps below to eliminate the fault.
1. Check the RF cable between DTRU and the combiner of AEM.
2. Check the RF cable connections between the two receiving
ends of DTRU and AEM divider output port. Correct any
connections found incorrect.
3. Reset DTRU. If problem persists, replace DTRU.
4. If DTRU is normal then replace the AEM.

Chapter 8
Board Faults
This chapter introduces the information about the faulty boards

and shows how to solve these faults.
Overview
Every board contains alarms for faulty state but for specific fault
detection user should know the indication of each alarm. In
addition, the actual fault state cannot be directly displayed on
the board so user should make proper checks according to this
manual to locate the fault accurately.
1. Record the panel indicator status of faulty board as shown in
Table 6
TABLE 6 – S AMPLE TABLE FOR RECORDING INDICATORS OF FAULTY BOARDS
Color Flashing Pattern Others
Indicators B for
A for 1 Hz 4 ON OFF
Green Hz
Red
2. Record the location of the faulty boards in the following

format:
Site type:

Model:
Position:
3. Record the hardware/software version number as shown in
Table 7.
TABLE 7 – S AMPLE TABLE FOR RECORDING HARDW ARE/SOFTWARE VERSIONS
Software Name Software Version

CMB
CMB_LOG
FUC_LOG
CIP
CHP
FUC
4. View the iOMCR alarm of the background and record alarm

information as shown in Table 8.
TABLE 8 – S AMPLE TABLE FOR RECORDING IOMCR AL ARMS OF THE

BACKGROUND
Alarm Location Alarm Content
5. Restart the faulty boards remotely and check whether the

faults still exist on iOMCR. Write down the alarms as shown
in Table 9.
T AB L E 9 – S AM P L E T AB L E F O R R E C O R D I NG AL AR M S O F B AC K G R O U N D AF T E R
REMOTE RESTART
Alarm Viewed from iOMCR Alarm Location Alarm Content
6. Power OFF the faulty boards and then power ON again.

Check whether LMT still indicates any fault. If no, this means
that the board is normal. In case of a Power amplifier fault,
restart the associated DTRU. List the fault information as
shown in Table 10.

Chapter 8 - Board Faults
TABLE 10 – SAMPLE TABLE FOR FAULT INFORMATION
Fault Location Fault Content
7. Unplug the faulty boards and then plug-in again.

Unplug the faulty board and then plug-in again (If PA is
faulty, DTRU and PA both need to be unplugged and
plugged-in). Restart board and check whether the fault still
appears on LMT. If yes, list the fault in Table 10. If no, this
means that the board is in normal condition.
8. Replace the faulty board
Replace the faulty board with the one that is working
normally in the rack. If fault is removed, it is sure that the
board is faulty. If the fault is relevant to the slot then check
the configuration and backplane (If PA is faulty, the
operation is required for both relevant DTRU and PA).
Troubleshooting
Trunk Node Alarm
Symptoms Main contact point alarm is disabled.
Fault Analysis Main contact point alarm bits are not in the default values.
Troubleshooting Check if the CMB board is in correct slot according to
configuration. Reset CMB, clear the BSC alarm and check it
again.
Precaution GSM B8112 V1.0 and V1.1 versions provide 20 main contact
points, among which 1-12 points belong to CMB board and 13-
20 belong to EAM board. BSC and iBSC EMSs enables users to
set the alarm break/connect mode. However, irrespective of the
mode setting, 13-20 main contact points commit only one status
alarm, that is, short circuit alarm and open circuit normal.
E1 Transmission Error Code

Symptoms

Excessive transmission error code in E1 transmission or E1 is

blocked.
Fault Analysis DIP settings are incorrect
Troubleshooting There are eight E1/T1 signals on EIB, and impedance selection
switch S2, S4, S5, and S6 at reception end.
As shown in Table 11:
TABLE 11 – INSTRUCTION OF RECEPTION IMPEDANCE SELECTION SWITCH
Switch
Circuit
Impedance
S4(PIN) S2(PIN) S6(PIN) S5(PIN)
Matching
Mode
1, 3 2, 4 1, 3 2,4 1, 3 2, 4 1, 3 2, 4
75 Ω
ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF
coaxial E1
OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON 100 Ω T1
120 Ω
OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF twisted pair
E1
Communication Disconnection
between EAM and Power Supply
Symptoms Communication between EAM and ZTE power supply is
disconnected.
Fault Analysis The power supply of B8112 may not be from ZTE.
The communication cable of serial interface between power
cabinet and B8112 may be broken or is not connected
reliably.
The communication interface circuit between EAM and power
cabinet may be broken.
Troubleshooting Make sure the power supply system used by B8112 is
from ZTE CORPORATION.
Make sure the communication cable between EAM and serial
interface is normal.
If the EAM and serial interface cable are normal, the
communication interface of power supply may be damaged.

EAM Trunk Node Alarm

Symptoms The EMS has the alarm of exceptional trunk node.
Fault Analysis Other devices have faults.
The setting of 0 and 1 corresponding to the alarm on the
background are incorrect.
The connection cables of the trunk node are not securely
connected.
The EAM board is replaced.
Troubleshooting 1. Check if other devices, which are always power equipment,
have alarms.
2. Check if the settings of 0 and 1 corresponding to the alarm
on the background are correct.
3. Check if the trunk node cables are correctly connected.
4. If the alarm persists after the above faults are rectified,
contact ZTE support engineers Change the EAM board is
necessary.
Precaution None
EAM Lightening Arrester Alarm

Symptoms The EAM lightening arrester has faults.
Fault Analysis The EAM board is damaged or cables are loosely connected.
The plane plug is faulty.
The EAM board is faulty.
The lightening arrestor is damaged.
Troubleshooting 1. Open the filter box, pull out the alarm connector, and
measure the voltage of 11 and 12 terminal, which should be
3.3 V. If no voltage is measured, the EAM board is damaged
or the cables are loosely connected.
2. Open the back door of the cabinet and check if the cables are
reliably connected. If the plane plug may have problems.
3. If the cables are correctly connected, replace the EAM board
and check if the alarm is eliminated.
4. If the above measures cannot solve the problem, it indicates
that the lightening arrester is damaged. In this case, replace
the lightening arrester.
Precaution None

Backplane Fault
Symptoms There is no corresponding alarm bit on the backplane. However,
there may be clock, HDLC, LAPD or other faults.
Fault Analysis BOBTR Backplane is responsible for the clock and
communication between CMB/DTPB/ATE/EAM/EIB. Backplane
faults cause communication faults.
Troubleshooting First make sure about the board, whether it is faulty or not. If
the board is working normal, then fault is in the backplane.
No Power Input to Integrated

Equipment in Powered Base Station
Symptoms The base station has 48V power input, but the integrated
equipment has no power.
Fault Analysis The power input lines are not correctly connected.
The air switch is off.
The air switch is damaged.
Troubleshooting 1. Ensure that the power input lines are correctly connected.
2. Ensure that the air switch is opened.
3. If the problem persists, replace the air switch.
Precaution None
AEM Not in Position and Type

Wrong
Symptoms The AEM is not in position and the type is wrong.
Fault Analysis The BOBTR DIP switch is incorrect.
The AEM DIP is incorrect.
The socket pin in the backplane corresponding to the AEM
(CPU/CEU) module is bended.
The socket jacks of the AEM module are blocked.
Troubleshooting 1. Check if the BOBTR DIP switch is correct by referring to
Appendix C “BTS DIP Description”.
2. Ensure that the AEM DIP is correct and CDU is 0100.
3. Check if the pin in the backplane corresponding to the AEM
(CPU/CEU) module is bended.
4. Check if the socket jacks of the AEM module are blocked.

Precaution None
Fans on Carrier Layer Stop Rotating

Symptoms The three fans on the carrier layer do not rotate. On the EMS,
the EAM board information shows that the rotate speeds are 0.
The carrier may have over temperature alarm.
Fault Analysis The fuse in the fan plug-in box on the carrier layer is
damaged.
The power input lines at the back of the fan plug-in box on
the carrier layer are not correctly connected.
The power input lines at the back of the fan plug-in box on
the carrier layer do not have 48 V power input.
The fan plug-in box is damaged.
The fan circuit board is faulty.
Troubleshooting 1. Check if fuse in the fan plug-in box on the carrier layer is
burned. If yes, replace a new one.
2. Check if the power input lines at the back of the fan plug-in
box on the carrier layer are not correctly connected
3. Check if the power input lines at the back of the fan plug-in
box on the carrier layer do not have 48 V power input.
4. If the alarm persists, the fan circuit board may be faulty. In
this case, replace parts in the fan plug-in box by referring to
section “Parts Replacement in BOBTR_Fan Plug-in Box”
Precaution When dismantling and assembling fans, keep the fingers or tools
away from the rotating fan to avoid human injury and machine
damages.
Wrong Line Connection on Carrier

Fan
Symptoms The over temperature alarm of the first carrier is generated
when the temperature is below 40 degree.
Fault Analysis Check the EAM board information and view the fan rotating
speed. If fan 1 rotates at the speed faster than 500 P/S, the
connection lines are incorrectly connected.
Troubleshooting 1. Open the back door of the cabinet, pull out the power socket
and control socket at the back of the fan plug-in box, as
shown in Figure 3.

FIGURE 3 PULLING OUT THE SOCKETS
1 2
1. Control socket 2. Power socket

2. Remove the four M5X12 screws and take out the fan plug-in
box from the cabinet, as show in Figure 4.
FIGURE 4 TAKING OUT FAN PLUG-IN BOX
1 2 3
1. M5x12 screws 2. Fan plug-in box 3 Cabinet

3. Check if the fan terminals are connected to the
corresponding sockets on the fan control board, as shown in
Figure 5. FAN1 corresponds to X2, FAN2 corresponds to X3,
and FAN3 corresponds to X4.

FIGURE 5 CONNECTION RELATION OF FANS AND SOCKETS
An example of wrong connection is as follows:
FIGURE 6 WRONG CONNECTION OF FANS TO THE SOCKETS
4. Check if the fan terminals are connected to the correct

socket. If no, correct the connection and then install the fan
by following step 5 and step 6.
5. Insert the fan plug-in box to the cabinet. Fix it by using the
four M5x12 screws.
6. Insert the power socket and control socket on the back of
the fan plug-in box.
Precaution When dismantling and assembling fans, keep the fingers or tools
away from the rotating fan to avoid human injury and machine
damages.

Wrong Setting of Cascaded Site DIP

Switch
Symptoms B8112 cascaded sites cannot start. The LAPD fails to set up links.
Fault Analysis The transmission is faulty.
The DIP switch is incorrectly set.
Troubleshooting 1. Check if the transmission is correct.
2. Check if the DIP setting is correct by referring to Appendix C
“BTS DIP Description”.
Caution:
If the E interface is used for the cascading connection, after
setting SLAVE1_PORT to 00, do not set the SLAVE2_PORT to 00.
SLAVE2_PORT must be different from SLAVE1_PORT.
Precaution None
Abnormality of Standby CMB Board

Symptoms When there is only one CMB board configured in the system, the
alarm indicates that the CMB board is not in position. In addition,
system may indicate that CMB board is in standby mode.
Fault Analysis When CMB board is not located at the proper configured slot,
BSC rejects all the local board alarms reported by CMB. While
the standby board information reported by the CMB is
considered as the information of the active board.
Troubleshooting Adjust the CMB location or change the configuration.
HW Link Broken for Long Time

Symptoms Long duration of HW link disconnection means that HDLC links of
all DTRU in the BTS are disconnected.
Fault Analysis Communication port of CMB board or CMB backplane is faulty.
Troubleshooting Replace the Hardware.
VSWR Alarm of Power Amplifier

Symptoms VSWR alarm appears in the power amplifier.
Fault Analysis

VSWR of the PA output port detected by the DTRU is out of

range. This can be due to internal circuit fault of DTRU or TX
interface connection line.
Troubleshooting Reset DTRU and replace the RF cable.
Clock Alarms to Active and Standby

CMB
Symptoms Major clock alarm occurs to both the active and the standby CMB.
Fault Analysis Since the alarm is only related to the clock and not to boards,
user should check the clock-related boards first. General reason
for fault is active CMB board (possibly the internal chip failure).
Troubleshooting Switchover CMB, replace the faulty CMB board by normal one.


Chapter 9
Heat Exchanger Faults
This chapter introduces troubleshooting heat exchanger faults

such as starting fault, fan fault, main control board fault,
abnormal noise, and electric heater fault.
Overview
The schematic diagram of heat exchanger is shown in Figure 7.
It consists of heat exchange core, internal circulation fan,
external circulation fan, and electric heater.
FIGURE 7 – HEAT EXCHANGER
External circulation External circulation

air intake air exhaust
Internal
Heat exchange core circulation fan
External circulation fan
Internal circulation Internal circulation

air exhaust air intake
Faults related with heat exchanger include:

Heat Exchanger Starting Fault
Fan Fault
Poor Heat Exchange in Extreme Temperatures
Main Control Board Fault
Abnormal Noise

Socket panel indicators display the fault-alarms of heat

exchanger. These indicators help to locate the fault quickly.
Table 12 shows the indicators on socket panel.
TABLE 12 – INDICATORS ON SOCKET P ANEL
Dust Non-dust
Normal Faulty Standby
Exhaust Exhaust
Indicator Color Color Color
Color Color
Green, fast
Control
flashing at Red Green - -
Board
2 Hz
Internal Green, fast
circulation flashing at Red Green - -
Fan 2 Hz
External Green, fast
circulation flashing at Red Green - -
Fan 2 Hz
Green, fast
Running
flashing at Red - - -
indicator
2 Hz
Green,
Test fast
- - - OFF
indicator flashing
at 2 Hz
Green,
Dust fast
- - - OFF
Exhausting flashing
at 2 Hz
Note: During the self test, all the indicators turn red at the beginning. If
the test passes, the indicators turn green one by one. For the item fails in
the test, the corresponding indicator becomes red. Two minutes alter, they
work normally.
Check the performance by pressing TEST key. The system

performs following procedure when user presses TEST key.
1. Internal circulation fan and external circulation fan run in
force mode for 2 minutes.
2. After two minutes they automatically enter the normal mode.
3. If any fault occurs, indicators become Red.
The relevant alarm and corresponding troubleshooting advice for
heat exchanger faults are also shown on iOMCR.

Chapter 9 - Heat Exchanger Faults
Troubleshooting
Heat Exchanger Starting Fault
Symptoms Heat exchanger is unable to start.
Fault Analysis Power supply breaker is trip off.
Power supply is not connected.
Supply voltage does not satisfy requirements of heat
exchanger.
Troubleshooting 1. Check power supply breaker for heat exchanger.
2. Check whether power supply is working normal.
3. Check whether supply voltage meets the requirements of
heat exchanger.
Electric shock: Before opening the heat exchanger,

remove all the plugs to prevent electric shock.
Fan Fault
Symptoms If internal and external circulation fans do not work normally,
their alarm indicators on socket panel turn red.
Fault Analysis 1. Some thing obstructs the fan.
2. Fan connectors on main board are not in proper position.
3. Fan is faulty.
Troubleshooting 1. Check the internal and external alarm indicators on socket
panel and locate the faulty fan.
2. Open the heat exchanger fan and check whether some thing
is obstructing it or not.
3. Check the fan connectors on main control board.
4. If the fan connectors are put in place but the fault remains
seen, take them away from the main control board and
directly connect them to the proper fan power supply for
further check.
5. If the problem persists, replace the board.
Electric shock: Before opening the heat exchanger,

remove all the plugs to prevent electric shock.

Poor Heat Exchange in Extreme

Temperatures
Symptoms There is no heat exchange during high temperature.
Fault Analysis 1. Air does not flow freely from the external circulating air
exhaust.
2. The stainless steel mesh within the shutter on the equipment
door is blocked.
3. Cabinet door is not properly closed.
4. Dust is present inside the heat exchange core or the external
circulation chamber of the heat exchanger.
Troubleshooting 1. For the fault analysis and troubleshooting of fan fault, refer
to Fan Fault.
2. If fault does not lie in the fan, check the power supply
voltage.
3. Check whether the external circulation exhaust and the
stainless steel mesh within the shutter on the equipment
door are blocked.
4. Check the air tightness of the cabinet.
5. There may be too much dust on the heat exchange core.
Manually sweep the heat exchange core.
6. If problem persists after performing the above steps, contact
ZTE customer service personnel, replace the whole heat
exchanger if necessary.
Electric shock: Before opening the enclosure of heat

exchanger, remove all the plugs connected with the heat
exchanger to prevent electric shock.
Main Control Board Fault

Symptoms Control board indicator becomes red.
Fault Analysis 1. Fuse of main control board becomes faulty.
2. Temperature probe on main board is disconnected.
3. Control device is faulty.
Troubleshooting 1. Observe the fuse on main board, whether it is in good
condition or not. If not then replace the fuse.
2. Check if the temperature probe is firmly connected to main
board. Tighten any loose connection of probe.

Chapter 9 - Heat Exchanger Faults
3. If problem persists after performing the above steps, contact

ZTE customer service personnel, replace the control board if
necessary.

Abnormal Noise
Symptoms System gives a sharp abnormal noise during running.
Fault Analysis 1. Heat exchanger is not leveled.
2. The power supply does not satisfy the power requirement of
heat exchanger.
3. Fan interferes with the diversion circle or something
obstructs the fan.
Troubleshooting Check whether heat exchanger is leveled properly.
Check if the power supply satisfies voltage and power
requirements.
Check the fans, the noise could be due to some obstruction.
If problem persists after performing the above steps, contact

Communication Alarm
Symptoms The heat exchanger 485 communication alarm is generated.
Fault Analysis 1. The power switch of the heat exchanger on PDM is closed.
2. The communication cables of the heat exchanger are not
correctly connected.
3. The control panel of the heat exchanger is damaged.
4. The EAM is faulty.
Troubleshooting Check if the power switch (HEX) of the heat exchanger on
PDM is opened.
Check if communication cables of the heat exchange are
correctly connected and if indicators on the control plane are
normal.

Replace the control plane of the heat exchanger to check if

the control plane is faulty.
Replace the EAM board to check if the EAM board is faulty.
If problem persists after performing the above steps, contact


Chapter 10
Replacement of Boards
and Parts
This chapter introduces the replacement of boards and parts.
Overview
The replacement of faulty modules and parts is a common and
very important method used during routine maintenance and
troubleshooting. During module replacement, it is recommended
to contact the relevant technicians or ZTE local maintenance
staff for technical support and guidance.
Pay attention to the following principles during the replacement
of modules and parts:
1. Store the spare parts in antistatic bags (damp-proof bags are
recommended), then in cartons. Paste a label on each
antistatic bag and carton for easy identification.
2. Wear an antistatic wrist strap before plugging/unplugging
any module. Connect the other end of the strap to ‘antistatic
wrist strap port’ on the rack. After that, do not touch the
other end of the strap any more. There is a serial 1 MΩ
resistor between the antistatic wrist strap and the antistatic
wrist strap port. If the user directly touches the antistatic
wrist strap port, the resistor may be bypassed.
3. When holding a module in hand, never touch the circuits,
components or wiring slots on the module. Do not
plug/unplug the module with too much force. Correct method
is to hold the handles of the panel and slightly uplift the
module, align it with the backplane and then insert it slowly,
so as to avoid bending the pins or slots on the backplane or
module. After inserting the module, tighten the fixing screws
on it.
4. When plugging/unplugging an RF cable on the front panel of
the rack use a torque spanner and never use violent force, to
avoid damaging the RF cable connector.

5. When installing feeder jumper, insert its connector into the

socket of AEM and tighten the connector by hand.
6. Indicate the fault cause of faulty modules, put the faulty
modules in antistatic bags, sort them and store them
properly.
7. Install a standard dummy panel for dustproof and decoration
purposes in the blank slot when a faulty module is unplugged
and no spare part is available at the moment.
8. Make sure that the module is properly inserted in the slot
and is firmly intact.
9. Avoid hot plugging/unplugging during module replacement.
10. When test instruments are needed for the test, make sure
they are properly grounded.
Replacement of Boards and

Parts
CMB Replacement
Tools Antistatic wrist strap
Phillips screwdriver
Preliminary 1. Perform the fault observation and analysis; find out the
Setup module fault and whether it is necessary to replace it.
2. Make sure the spare part is in good condition and its type is
the same as the faulty module.
3. Arrange an antistatic bag, a damp-proof bag, a carton and
some labels for identification.
Procedure 1. Turn OFF the power switch of CMB, which is on the PDM front
panel, as shown in Figure 8. CMB1 and CMB2 control the
power supply of the upper portion CMB and lower portion
CMB respectively.

Chapter 10 - Replacement of Boards and Parts
FIGURE 8 – LOCATIONS OF CMB AND DTRU POWER SWITCHES ON THE PDM

P ANEL
2. Wear the antistatic wrist strap.

3. Before replacing the active CMB, perform the active/standby
changeover to activate the standby module.
4. Loosen the screws on CMB panel, and pull the handle on
faulty module outwards by one hand. When the module
leaves the slot and springs outwards, hold the lower edge of
the module with other hand and then slightly pull out the
module. During this operation, take care not to touch the
components and circuits on the module.
5. Put the faulty board in an antistatic bag and then in
moisture-proof bag, label it with the module model, slot
number, software version and fault. Store the faulty modules
properly in the carton. Label the carton for easy future
identification and handling.
6. According to the slot specified on plug-in box, insert the
spare part of CMB into the plug-in box. Push the module with

appropriate force until it is in the proper location, and then

tighten the screws.
7. Turn the CMB Power ON again.
Confirmation When the CMB is just powered ON, there is a self-test process. If
the self-test succeeds, the LEDs show normal status and the
services are recovered, indicating that the replacement
succeeded.
If the self-test of module fails, it repeats the self-test and finally
shows abnormality with the services of the relevant unit not
recovered, indicating replacement failure. Check again whether
the spare part is damaged or the fault is not caused by this
module. Users can view fault causes through the alarms on
foreground and background.
EIB Replacement
3. Arrange an antistatic bag, a damp-proof bag, a carton, and
Procedure 1. Turn OFF the power switch of CMB, which is on the PDM front
panel, as shown in Figure 8. CMB1 and CMB2 control the
power supply of the upper portion CMB and lower portion
CMB respectively.
3. Loosen the screws on EIB panel, and pull the handle on
spare part of EIB into the plug-in box. Push the module with
tighten the screws.
6. Turn the CMB Power ON again.

succeeded.
EAM Replacement
Procedure 1. Turn OFF the power switch of EAM, which is on the PDM front
panel.
3. Loosen the screws on EAM panel, and pull the handle on
spare part of EAM into the plug-in box. Push the module with
tighten the screws.
6. Turn the EAM Power ON again.
succeeded.


DTRU Replacement
Procedure 1. Turn OFF the power switch of DTRU, which is on the PDM
front panel, as shown in Figure 8. DTRU1~DTRU6 controls
the power supply of six DTRUs from left to right in control
carrier shelf respectively.
3. Disconnect the RF cable on the front panel of DTRU.
4. Loosen the screws on DTRU panel, and pull the handle on
spare part of EAM into the plug-in box. Push the module with
tighten the screws.
7. Turn the DTRU Power ON again.
Confirmation When the DTRU is just powered ON, there is a self-test process.
If the self-test succeeds, the LEDs show normal status and the
succeeded.


AEM Replacement
4. Record the locations of cables (such as RF cables and feeder
jumpers) on the front panel of the module to be replaced, for
convenience of connections after module replacement.
Procedure 1. Turn OFF the AEM power supply. The AEM is powered
through the DTRU, so turn OFF the power of all the DTRUs of
corresponding carrier shelf on PDM panel to turn off the AEM
power supply.
3. Disconnect the cables on the front panel, such as RF cable,
and antenna feeder jumpers.
4. Loosen the screws on AEM panel, and pull the handle on
spare part of AEM into the plug-in box. Push the module with
tighten the screws.
7. Turn the AEM Power ON again.
Confirmation When the AEM is just powered ON, there is a self-test process. If
succeeded.


BOAEM Backplane Replacement

The BOAEM backplane are replaced from the front side of the
rack. Since backplane replacement may affect the
communication in a cell, it must be approved by the customer
and relevant technical personnel.
Cross screwdriver
Special tool for burglary-proof screws
Procedure 1. Operate behind the rack when replacing the backplane.
2. Wear the antistatic wrist strap and switch OFF the relevant
power supply.
3. Remove the front panel cables of all the modules at this layer.
Unplug all the modules at this layer and remove the rear
cover by using the delivery-packed special tool for burglary-
proof screws.
4. There are many cables inserted at the side of the backplane
facing the operator. Record cable locations and unplug these
cables. Unscrew the fastening screws of the backplane to the
reinforcing plate by using a cross screwdriver. Take out the
backplane and reinforcing plate and then remove the
backplane from the reinforcing plate.
5. Install a new backplane on the reinforcing plate, mount them
on the plug-in sub-rack and tighten the fastening screws.
Insert the cables back in the backplane.
6. Fix the new backplane with screws.
7. Insert modules and cables into their original locations. Make
sure that the cable connections and module slots are correct.

8. Power ON the shelf of this layer and start the system.

Confirmation When the backplane is replaced and system is powered ON, the
system loads module versions and there is a self-test process
before these versions formally run. If the self-test succeeds, the
LEDs show normal status and the services are recovered,
indicating that the replacement succeeded.
If self-test of the module fails, it repeats the self-test and finally
recovered, indicating replacement failure. Check if the spare part
is faulty or the fault does not lie in this shelf. Users can view
fault causes through the alarms on foreground and background.
BOBTR Backplane Replacement

The BOBTR backplane are replaced from the front side of the
rack. Since backplane replacement may affect the
communication in a cell, it must be approved by the customer
and relevant technical personnel.
Cross screwdriver
Special tool for burglary-proof screws
Procedure 1. Operate behind the rack when replacing the backplane.
2. Wear the antistatic wrist strap and switch OFF the relevant
power supply.
3. Remove the front panel cables of all the modules at this layer.
Unplug all the modules at this layer and remove the rear
cover by using the delivery-packed special tool for burglary-
proof screws.
4. There are many cables inserted at the side of the backplane
facing the operator. Record cable locations and unplug these
cables. Unscrew the fastening screws of the backplane to the
reinforcing plate by using a cross screwdriver. Take out the
backplane and reinforcing plate and then remove the
backplane from the reinforcing plate.

5. There is a DIP switch on the front panel of backplane

indicating the physical location of shelf in this layer. Record
the position of the DIP switch.
6. Install a new backplane on the reinforcing plate, mount them
on the plug-in sub-rack and tighten the fastening screws.
Insert the cables back in the backplane.
7. Set the DIP switch to the original position.
8. Fix the new backplane with screws.
9. Insert modules and cables into their original locations. Make
sure that the cable connections and module slots are correct.
10. Power ON the shelf of this layer and start the system.
Confirmation When the backplane is replaced and system is powered ON, the
system loads module versions and there is a self-test process
before these versions formally run. If the self-test succeeds, the
LEDs show normal status and the services are recovered,
indicating that the replacement succeeded.
If self-test of the module fails, it repeats the self-test and finally
recovered, indicating replacement failure. Check if the spare part
is faulty or the fault does not lie in this shelf. Users can view
fault causes through the alarms on foreground and background.
Parts Replacement in BOBTR_Fan

Plug-in Box
Tools Cross screwdriver
Hexagon burglary-proof captive screw wrench (equipment
accessory)
Procedure 1. Turn OFF the power supply of fan module.
The fan power is directly supplied from the cabinet-top filter
via bus-bar. If the DTRU on the corresponding carrier shelf is
powered ON, the fans start working immediately. Therefore,
if the power supply of all the DTRU in the carrier shelf
corresponding to the fan module is switched OFF on the PDM
panel, the fan module gets powered OFF.
2. To replace the fan module, perform the operations below:
i. Unscrew the eight burglary-proof screws used to fix the
rear door by using a hexagon burglary-proof captive

screw wrench. Then dismount the rear cabinet door and

unplug the power socket and the control socket at the
back of the fan plug-in box as shown in Figure 9.
FIGURE 9 – BACK OF THE FAN PLUG-IN BOX
1 2
1. Control socket 2. Power socket
ii. Remove four M5*12 panel screws and pull the fan plug-in
box out of the cabinet as shown in Figure 10.
FIGURE 10 – PULLING OUT THE RTU FAN PLUG-IN BOX
1
2
1. M5*12 panel screw 2. Protective Net Board

3. Fan 4. Control Board
iii. For the fan to be replaced, remove four M3*16 cross

recess head screws, unplug the control board sockets and
take out the fan and its protective net board, as shown in
Figure 11.

FIGURE 11 – TAKING OUT THE FAN AND ITS PROTECTIVE NET BOARD
1 2 3
1. M3*16 combination screw 2. Fan Socket

3. Control board
iv. Mount the new fan and its protective net board onto the
fan mounting plate by using four M3*16 cross recess
head screws. Then insert its socket into the
corresponding slot on the control board and insert the fan
cable socket to the related slot on FNIB fan interface
board, as shown in Figure 5.
v. Insert the fan plug-in box into the cabinet and fix the
former by using four M5*12 panel screws. Plug-in the
alarm board power socket and the control socket at the
back of fan plug-in box. Mount the rear cabinet door and
tighten eight burglary-proof screws used to fix it by using
a hexagon burglary-proof captive screw wrench.
3. To replace the control board, perform the operations below:
i. Unscrew the eight burglary-proof screws used to fix the
rear door by using a hexagon burglary-proof captive
screw wrench. Then dismount the rear cabinet door and
unplug the power socket and the control socket at the
back of the fan plug-in box as shown in Figure 9.
ii. Remove four M5*12 panel screws and pull the fan plug-in
box out of the cabinet, as shown in Figure 10.
iii. Unplug the fan socket and remove the six M3*8 cross
recess head screws and the fan control board, as shown
in Figure 12.

FIGURE 12 – REMOVING THE FAN CONTROL BOARD
1 2 3
1. M3*8 screw 2. Fan socket 3. Control board
iv. Mount the new fan control board onto the fan mounting
plate by using six M3*8 cross recess head screws. Then
insert its socket into the corresponding slot on the control
board.
v. Insert the fan plug-in box into the cabinet and fix the
former by using four M5*12 panel screws. Plug-in the
alarm board power socket and the control socket at the
back of fan plug-in box. Mount the rear cabinet door and
tighten eight burglary-proof screws used to fix it by using
a hexagon burglary-proof captive screw wrench.
4. Turn on the power of the fan again.
Confirmation Observe whether the fans work normally. If so, fix the spring
screws on the fan plug-in box panel. The replacement is
completed.
Replacement of the Heat Exchanger

Tools Cross screwdriver
Antistatic wrist strap
Tool box
Preliminary 1. Perform the fault observation and analysis; find out whether
Setup the part to be replaced is integrated equipment or certain
parts.

Procedure 1. Open the front door of the equipment at approximately 150º

and make it steady instead of moving freely.
2. Power OFF the heat exchanger and unplug all the plugs
connected to it. The power switch of the heat exchanger is
located on the power module panel. For details, refer to
related description of the power module.
3. To replace the whole heat exchanger, follow the steps below:
i. Unscrew 26 screws at the edge of the heat exchanger
and grab the side handle to dismount the whole heat
exchanger from the door, as shown in Figure 13.
FIGURE 13 – DISMOUNTING THE HEAT EXCHANGER
1. Front door 2. Handle

3. Heat exchanger 4. Screw
ii. Fix the new heat exchanger onto the front door by using
the 26 screws and tighten the screws.
4. If the control board becomes faulty, do the following:
i. Instead of dismounting the heat exchanger from the door,
loosen all the fastening screws of the illustrated interface
board and put them into a tool box, as shown in Figure
14.

FIGURE 14 – INTERFACE BOARD
1. Fastening screw
ii. Carefully pull out the interface board vertically.

iii. According to the fault judgment, loosen the fastening
screws of circuit board and replace them with new ones,
as shown in Figure 15.
FIGURE 15 – CONTROL BOARD
1. Fastening screw
5. If a fan becomes faulty

i. Instead of dismounting the heat exchanger from the door,
loosen all the fastening screws of the cover plate of the
heat exchanger and put them into a tool box as shown in
Figure 16. Dismount the cover plate.

FIGURE 16 – FASTENING SCREW OF THE COVER PLATE
1. Fastening screw
ii. According the fault judgment, make sure whether the

internal circulation fan or the external circulation fan
needs to be replaced. Remove the fastening screws of the
faulty fan and replace them with quality products.
6. Replacement of heat exchange core
If a heat exchange core needs to be replaced after long-term
use, contact ZTE’s customer service personnel and replace
the whole heat exchanger.
Confirmation Buckle the cover plate (the screws may not be tightened),
connect the power plug and the DB9 plug, turn ON the heat
exchanger, and switch ON the power module. Observe whether
the fan runs normally and the corresponding alarm indicator
displays normal status. Re-fix the cover plate after it runs
normally.
Note: The external circulation fan is started when the

return air temperature of the internal circulation is more than or
equal to 35 ºC.
Trunk Cable Replacement

Tools Multimeter
Scissors

Preliminary 1. Perform the fault observation and analysis; find out whether
Setup it is necessary to replace trunk cable.
2. Make sure that the type of the B8112 trunk cable is the same
as that of the new trunk cable. Trunk cables are all digital
cables. There are two types: 75 Ω coaxial cable and 120 Ω
twisted pair.
3. Check the labels at both ends of the trunk cable and make
sure that they are in the one-to-one correspondence, that is,
one end connects the trunk interface at the top of the B8112
cabinet and the other end connects the trunk equipment.
4. Test the new trunk cable with multimeter to see whether the
circuit is complete or not.
5. Arrange a damp-proof bag, a carton, and some labels for
identification.
Procedure 1. Cut the cable ties of the trunk cable to be replaced and
unplug the E1 port connector of the trunk cable from the top
of the cabinet to remove the trunk cable.
Caution: Never apply great force when removing the old

trunk cable.
2. Put the faulty trunk cable in a damp-proof bag, label it and
indicate its type and fault information. Store it properly in
the carton. Label the carton for easy future identification and
handling.
3. According to the labels at both ends of the new trunk cable,
connect the connector of the new trunk cable to the E1 PORT
interface at the top of the cabinet.
Note: When connecting the trunk cable to the E1 PORT

interface at the top of the cabinet, make sure that the
transmission/reception ends are correctly connected.
Confirmation Check if the RF connector of the trunk cable is connected
properly and reliably.
If everything is normal, bind the trunk cable with cable ties in
accordance with the binding requirements of the old trunk cable.
Caution:
During the operation, avoid damaging the insulation layer of
the digital trunk cable.
Replacing the trunk cable interrupts the B8112 services.

RF Cable Replacement
Tools Phillips screwdriver
Spanner
Preliminary 1. Determine the RF cables that need to be replaced.
Setup
2. Different RF cable sets correspond to different site types. If
the site type is changed due to expansion, the cable set can
be selected according to the new site type. If a single RF
cable is to be changed, the new cable can be selected from
the cable set according to the location and length.
3. Check whether the connection and pin of the grounding wire
core of the new cable is normal, and make sure that the SMA,
N connector or DIN connector are in reliable contact. Never
tighten the connector with violent force to avoid damaging it.
4. Record all connection locations of the RF cable to be replaced
and connect the new cable in the correct location.
5. Arrange a damp-proof bag, a carton and some labels for
identification.
Procedure 1. Turn OFF the power of the corresponding DTRU (including
PAs and DTRU) before replacing the transmit RF cable. The
power switch of the DTRU module is shown in Figure 8.
2. Loosen the SMAs, N connectors or DIN connectors on both
ends of the RF cable to remove the cable.
3. Put the faulty RF cable in a damp-proof bag, label it and
handling.
4. Connect the new RF cable according to former connection
method.
5. To replace an antenna feeder cable, first loosen the five
panel fasteners used to fix the left deflector cover plate and
dismount the left deflector cover plate, as shown in Figure 17.

FIGURE 17 – DISMOUNTING THE LEFT DEFLECTOR COVER PLATE
1. Panel fastener 2. Left deflector cover plate 3. Cabinet
6. After the replacement, connect cables and install the side

board. As shown in Figure 18:
FIGURE 18 – INSTALLING THE LEFT DEFLECTOR COVER PLATE

Note: During the operation, make sure to use even force.

When screwing the SMA connector, never use violent force and
also shake it to left and right to align it to the socket and avoid
damaging it. When replacing the antenna feeder cable, the
bended antenna feeder jumper at the bottom plate cannot be 80
mm higher than the bottom plate.
7. Turn ON the DTRU (including PAs and DTRU) again.
Confirmation 1. Observe the LED status of each board. If it is normal, the
replacement is successful.
2. Make test calls to check if the BTS runs normally after the
replacement.
Replacement of Cabinet-Top 1/2''

Soft Jumpers
Tools LDF4 block cutter
LDF4 block installation tool
Adjustable wrenches (2 PCS)
Hacksaw
Needle file
Paper knife
Adjustable hot air blower
Multimeter
Antenna feeder analyzer (SITE MASTER)
Preliminary 1. Perform the fault observation and analysis to determine
Setup whether it is necessary to replace the cabinet-top 1/2'' soft
jumpers.
2. Make sure the spare parts are in good condition and its type
is the same as the faulty jumpers.
3. Arrange a damp-proof bag, a carton, and some labels for
identification.
Procedure 1. Switch OFF the power of all DTRU of the corresponding
carrier shelf on the PDM panel.
2. Remove the jumper by an adjustable wrench, remove the
connectors at its two ends and check if the connectors are
damaged. Reuse them if they are in good condition.
3. Put the faulty jumper in a damp-proof bag, label it and
handling.

4. Cut a proper length of jumper as required and make a new

jumper in the way as described in instructions given in the
connector package for preparing connectors.
5. Test the newly made jumper for its connection and
disconnection through a multimeter.
Caution:
Carefully use sharp tools to avoid personal injury.
Properly dispose off the feeder residues. If sundries such as
copper scraps enter the connector, the performance of
antenna feeder system is affected.
6. Connect the new jumper.
7. At the other end of jumper, measure the performance indices
of the antenna feeder by using an antenna feeder analyzer
(SITE MASTER).
8. If the indices are normal, connect the jumper to the antenna
feeder interface at the top of the cabinet.
9. Turn ON all the DTRUs of the corresponding carrier shelf on
the PDM panel.
Confirmation 1. Observe the LED status of the DTRUs and AEMs. If the LED
status is normal, the replacement succeeds.
2. Make test calls to check if the BTS runs normally after the
replacement.

This Page is intentionally blank.

Appendix A
Modification of CBA
Parameters
During the test, it is sometimes necessary to put the cell into the
test status so that common MSs cannot access the cell and
comprehensive tests can be conducted on the test MS without
any interference from common MSs. The method is to modify
the CBA (Cell Bar Access) parameter of the cell, as shown in
Figure 19.
FIGURE 19 – MODIFICATION OF CBA P ARAMETERS
This item is not selected for normal cells. When it is selected,

common MSs are not able to access the cell.
After modifying this parameter, it is necessary to find the
corresponding CBA option on the test MS and change it into
Reverted or Disabled.


Appendix B
Principles of DTMF Signal

Generation
In GSM system, on pressing a numeric key on MS (after the

establishment of call connection), the peer party hears a DTMF
signal tone generated by the MSC. Actually the MS sends the
START DTMF signaling to MSC via BSC. The specific function
board of the MSC generates the DTMF signal tone to send to the
peer end. When the numeric key is released, the MS sends the
STOP DTMF signaling. After receiving the signaling, the MSC
stops sending the DTMF signal tone. The signaling procedure is
shown in Figure 20.
FIGURE 20 – PRINCIPLES OF THE DTMF GENERATION
MMI MS BSS MSC

key X depressed START DTMF（X）
START DTMF（X）
START DTMF（X） START DTMF（X） Tone X ON

ACKNOWLEDGE
ACKNOWLEDGE ACKNOWLEDGE
key X released
STOP DTMF Tone OFF
STOP DTMF
STOP DTMF STOP DTMF

ACKNOWLEDGE ACKNOWLEDGE
ACKNOWLEDGE
As long as the MS-BSC-MSC signaling channel is normal (the MS

can make calls and get through), the MSC generates the DTMF
signal tone when the subscriber presses any numeric key on MS.
‘Whether the called party can hear the tone or not’ has nothing
to do with the MS – BSC - MSC voice channel. If the called party
can hear the DTMF sound but not the voice then it can be
determined that the voice channel from MS to MSC is faulty and
there is no problem with the voice channel from the MSC to the
called party.


Appendix C
BTS DIP Description
FIGURE 21 SITEID DIP SWITCH
Note: SITEID DIP switch is located between the fifth and sixth
carriers of the BOBTR backplane. It is composed of two DIP
switches, that is, S2 and S1. ON is 0 (dial to left) and OFF is 1
(dial to right).
The definitions of BTS_TYPE are as follows:
Rack Type DIP Value (BIN)

B8018 1100
B8112 1101
M8202 1110
M8204 1111
BTS_NO: Numbers of racks in the same base station. 00 means

master rack, 01 means slave rack 1 and 10 means slave rack 2. )
SLAVE1_PORT: The E1 port of the master rack for connecting
the slave rack 1.
B8018: (E, F, G, H)
B8112: (E, F, G)
M8202: (E, D)
M8204: (E, D)
For BTS 8018 and BTS 8112, the following DIP modes are used:
00 means E interface, 01 means F interface, 10 means G
interface, and 11 means H interface.

For BTS 8202 and BTS 8204, 00 means E interface and 01

means D interface.
SLAVE2_PORT: The E1 port of the master rack for connecting
the slave rack 2.
B 8018: (E, F, G, H)
B8112: (E, F, G)
M8202: (E, D)
M8204: (E, D)
For BTS 8018 and BTS 8112, the following DIP modes are used:
00 means E interface, 01 means F interface, 10 means G
interface, and 11 means H interface.
For BTS 8202 and BTS 8204, 00 means E interface and 01
means D interface.
SATE: Whether the satellite ABIS link is used. 0 means normal
ABIS, and 1 means satellite ABIS.
ABIS_PORT: O&M port number
B8018: (A-D)
B8112: (A-C)
B8202: (A)
(00: A interface, 01: B interface, 10: C interface, 11: D interface)
ABIS_TS: Lapd timeslot of O&M on the Abis interface (000: Ts16,
001: Ts31, 010: Ts30, 011: Ts29, 100: Ts28, 101: Ts27, 110:
Ts26, 111: Ts25)
Circle network uses A interface and E interface
interchangeably.
Caution:
By default, the onsite monitoring device port uses RS232 port to
access transparent channel. SLAVE1_PORT and SLAVE2_PORT
cannot conflict with cascading ports. If the slave rack is not
connected, dial both of them to 11 or 00.
B8018 has 8 E1 interfaces, which are A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H.

B8112 has 6 E1 interfaces, which are A, B, C, E, F, and G.
The power-off bypass is defined as follows:
A--E, B—F, C—G, D—H
B8018: A--E, B--F, C--G, D—H
B8112: A--E, B--F, C--G
M8202: A--E, B, C, D no bypass
M8204: A--E, B, C, D no bypass

Appendix D
Abbreviations
Abbreviation Full Name

A
AEM Antenna Equipment Module
AIPP A Interface Peripheral Processor
B
BIPP Abis Interface Peripheral Processor
BOSN Bit Oriented Switching Network
BSC Base Station Controller
BTS Base Transceiver Station
C
CHP Channel Processor
CI Cell Identity
CLK Clock
CMB Controller & Maintenance Board
D
DTRU Dual-carrier Transceiver Unit
E
EAM External Alarm Module
EDRT Enhanced DRT
EMI Electro-Magnetic Interference
F
FDM Fan Distribution Module
H
HDLC High Level Data Link Controller
I
IF Intermediate Frequency
L

Abbreviation Full Name

LAPD Link Access Procedure ‘D’ Channel
LMT Local Management Terminal
M
MS Mobile Station
MSC Mobile Switching Center
P
PA Power Amplifier
PLL Phase Lock Loop
PP Peripheral Processor
S
SWR Standing Wave Ratio
T
TCPP Transcoder Unit Peripheral Processor
TIC Trunk Interface Circuit
TPU Transceiver Process Unit
TRM Transceiver Module

Appendix E
Figures
Figure 1 – Networking of the System................................... 33

Figure 2 – Example of Cross-connected Line......................... 36
Figure 3 – Heat Exchanger................................................. 67
Figure 4 – Locations of CMB and DTRU Power Switches on the
PDM Panel ....................................................................... 75
Figure 5 – Back of the Fan Plug-in Box ................................ 83
Figure 6 – Pulling out the RTU Fan Plug-in Box ..................... 83
Figure 7 – Taking out the Fan and its Protective Net Board ..... 84
Figure 8 – Removing the Fan Control Board.......................... 85
Figure 9 – Dismounting the Heat Exchanger ......................... 86
Figure 10 – Interface Board ............................................... 87
Figure 11 – Control Board.................................................. 87
Figure 12 – Fastening Screw of the Cover Plate..................... 88
Figure 13 – Dismounting the Left Deflector Cover Plate .......... 91
Figure 14 – Installing the Left Deflector Cover Plate .............. 91
Figure 15 – Modification of CBA Parameters ......................... 95
Figure 16 – Principles of the DTMF Generation ...................... 97


Tables
Table 1 – Chapter Summary ............................................... xi

Table 2 – Typographical Conventions...................................xiii
Table 3 – Mouse Operation Conventions ..............................xiii
Table 4 Transmission Alarms Information at BSC ...................6
Table 5 – Records for Test Call ........................................... 48
Table 6 – Sample Table for Recording Indicators of Faulty Boards
..................................................................................... 55
Table 7 – Sample Table for Recording Hardware/Software
Versions.......................................................................... 56
Table 8 – Sample Table for Recording iOMCR Alarms of the
Background ..................................................................... 56
Table 9 – Sample Table For Recording Alarms of Background
After Remote Restart ........................................................ 56
Table 10 – Sample Table for Fault Information...................... 57
Table 11 – Instruction of Reception Impedance Selection Switch
..................................................................................... 58
Table 12 – Indicators on Socket Panel ................................. 68


Index
add/drop multiplexer .............8 Hacksaw............................ 82

AEM VSWR alarms............... 17 HDLC ................ 39, 42, 55, 56
Alarm management interfaces.2 heat. xii, 57, 59, 60, 61, 76, 77,
analyzer 78
Antenna feeder analyzer... 82 heater .....................xii, 57, 58
antenna hot air blower..................... 82
azimuth and height of the insulation .......................... 79
antenna...................... 29 interface 2, 3, 5, 10, 13, 24, 26,
azimuth and pitch of main & 30, 34, 35, 36, 37, 45, 56,
diversity antennas ....... 29 76, 77, 79, 83
Antenna feeder analyzer ...... 82 interference
antistatic63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, External Interference as a
69, 70, 71, 72 fault cause of BTS
background . 18, 27, 30, 48, 53, overload message........ 50
66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72 observing the interference
backplane12, 18, 19, 42, 43, 49, band.......................... 30
50, 54, 55, 56, 63, 70, 71, LAPD transient interruption ... 5,
72 13
BER analyzer ........................3 LDF4................................. 82
Bit error...............................7 LED ......................... 2, 82, 83
Board resetting ................... 36 LED indicators ...................... 2
breaker ....................... 58, 59 LNA alarm of a divider ......... 15
burglary....... 70, 71, 72, 74, 75 low receiving level .............. 26
carton ...63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, M3*8 cross recess head screws
69, 70, 71, 72, 79, 80, 82 .................................... 75
central module ................... 36 M5*12 panel screws ............ 75
circulation ..........58, 59, 60, 78 MS3, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31,
coaxial cable ........... 12, 27, 79 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 44, 46,
control boardxii, 57, 59, 60, 73, 47, 48, 49, 85, 87
74, 75, 76 multimeter....... See , See , See
coverage of a BTS ............... 21 Needle file ......................... 82
cross talk ........................... 23 noise ................................ 23
Data after Test Call ............. 45 NOKIA Test MS................... 44
DIP switch operation and maintenance
E1 DIP switch setting on subsystem, OMCR (V2) ...... 2
CMM .......................... 27 orientation ......................... 26
E15, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 26, output power ..................... 27
27, 31, 79 packet switching
fading troubleshooting problem of
Raleigh fading ................. 29 connection with called MS
short fading of MS signals . 29 ................................ 47
fan...xii, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 72, Paper knife ........................ 82
73, 74, 75, 77, 78 PDM.64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 72,
Fault Information Collection ....1 82, 83
filter performance management
cabinet-top filter ............. 72 interface .......................... 3
foreground .. 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, peripheral modules ............. 36
71, 72 Phillips screwdriver ............. 80
fuse .................................. 60 plugs ................ 59, 60, 61, 76

poor conversation quality..... 23 signals of the MS......See fading

power 8, 10, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, single-pass.........................23
22, 26, 27, 28, 41, 46, 49, SITE MASTER ............... 82, 83
53, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 64, slot ... 3, 45, 49, 54, 56, 64, 65,
65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 66, 67, 68, 69, 74, 75
72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 78, 80, Spanner.............................80
82, 83 temperature 20, 21, 22, 59, 60,
Power Amplifier (PA) ........... 17 78
receiving level See low receiving test call ........... See SAGEM MS
level to troubleshoot noise in
resetting ....See Board resetting outgoing toll call ..........31
RF 22, 27, 28, 29, 40, 41, 46, Tools ......64, 72, 75, 78, 80, 82
48, 49, 51, 56, 63, 69, 70, • Multimeter ...................78
71, 79, 80 transmission
SAGEM MS Unstable BTS transmission
BTS test call................... 44 equipment ..................28
Scissors ............................ 78 Transmission Alarm .............. 5
screwdriver . 64, 66, 67, 68, 69, Transmission alarms ............12
70, 71, 72, 75, 80 trunk...................... 23, 24, 79
screws twisted pair .................. 12, 79
M3*16 cross recess head voice channel .....................87
screws ....................... 74 Voice route analysis.............34
M3*8 cross recess head VSWR15, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, 26,
screws ....................... 75 27, 29, 56
M5*12 panel screws ........ 75 VSWR alarm .......................15
Self-loop ........................... 10
shutter......................... 59, 60

Sjzl20072667-ZXG10 B8112 (V1.1) Maintenance Manual (Troubleshooting)

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Sjzl20072667-ZXG10 B8112 (V1.1) Maintenance Manual (Troubleshooting)

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ZXG10 B8112

Out-Door Base Transceiver Station

Copyright © 2006 ZTE CORPORATION.

Date Revision No. Serial No. Reason for Revision

Your evaluation Accessibility:

About this Manual ........................................................... xi

Troubleshooting Overview .............................................. 1

Antenna Feeder Faults................................................... 15

Voice Faults .................................................................... 23

Clock Faults .................................................................... 43

Board Faults ................................................................... 55

Heat Exchanger Faults................................................... 67

Replacement of Boards and Parts ................................. 73

Modification of CBA Parameters.................................... 95

Principles of DTMF Signal Generation ........................... 97

BTS DIP Description....................................................... 99

Appendix D................................................................... 101

Abbreviations ............................................................... 101

Appendix E ................................................................... 103

Prerequisite Skill and Knowledge

What is in This Manual

TABLE 1 – CHAPTER SUMMARY

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION xi

xii Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

Mouse TABLE 3 – MOUSE OPERATION CONVENTIONS

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION xiii

How to Get in Touch

xiv Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

This chapter covers the following sections:

Fault Cause Analysis and Locating

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 1

Common Fault Analysis and

Alarm management interfaces help to observe and analyze

Viewing the operation log through user management interface,

Analyze the LED Status

2 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

Use Performance Management

Analyze Faults with Instruments and

Unplug/ Plug the Board and Check

Comparison and Replacement

Note: Strictly follow the precautions during unplugging/

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 3

Contact ZTE CORPORATION for

4 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

This chapter introduces the troubleshooting for transmission

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 5

Alarm Information at BSC

Alarm Notification Alarm Cause

6 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

Alarm Notification Alarm Cause

General Troubleshooting Methods

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 7

Such bit errors are caused by burst pluses such as

8 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

Note: The indicator may be normal even in the event of

Transmission Bit Error

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 9

2. Measure the clock reference to see whether it is normal.

Broken Link of O&M with CMB

Note: Good transmission quality is required to download

Unstable Link of CMB Operation and

10 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

Broken LAPD Link of All Carriers

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 11

Problem of the connection from antenna input port of the

Whether it is single-way talk, two-way blocking, crosstalk or