PHINMA-University of Pangasinan

S.Y. 2017-2018

Abulencia, Julius J
Balesteros, Wansy
Banal, Jordan
Bautista, Darlyn
Espique, Glenn
Flores, Jamicalyn
Palaganas, Mark
Solis, Marilou

Submitted to:
Ms. Teresita Lupato
 Early History
 Historians and Scientists believe that the first inhabitants of the Philippine islands
emerged during Pleistocene period. According to Henry Otley Beyer, Filipinos
descended from different groups that came from Southeast Asia in successive waves of
migration.
 Migration Theory
 The first Migrants were the “Dawnmen” or “Cavemen” because they live in caves.
They live in hunting and fishing. The search of food that they came to the
Philippines by way of the land bridges that connected Philippines and Indonesia.
 The second migrants were called “Aetas” or Negritos.
30,000 years ago, they crossed the land bridged from mainland Asia. They were
pygmies who were naked and good at hunting, fishing and food gathering. They
used bow and arrow for hunting.
 The third migrants were the Indonesians who came to the islands in boats because of
the disappearance of the land bridges. They were more advance, they had tools made
out of stone and steel which enabled them build sturdier houses. They engaged in
farming and mining. They painted their bodies with colorful figures.
 Last to migrate to the Philippine islands were Malays, who travelled in boats. They
engaged in pottery weaving, jewelry making and metal smelting, and introduced the
irrigation system in rice planting.
 The first Europeans to visit (1521) the Philippines were those in the Spanish expedition
around the world led by the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan.
 In 1543, before a permanent Spanish colony had been settled on the islands, explorer
Ruy López de Villalobos presumptuously named the two islands of Leyte and Samar
as Las Islas Filipinas, in honour of the Prince of Asturias
 During the time of US rule, the islands became known as The Philippine Islands, an
English version of the Spanish Las Islas Filipinas.
CONTRIBUTIONS OF COLONIZERS TO THE PHILIPPINE CULTURE AND
TRADITION
 SPANIARDS
 RELIGION-Catholicism and Patriarchal Politics and cultures
o 80 percent of Roman Catholic as result of Spanish Colonization
o During this period there is union between the church and the state.
 Filipino’s surnames and change of native names
o Examples of these surnames are Garcia, Macaraeg , Cruz and so on.
 Spanish Language Influence
o Among other Filipino languages, influenced by the Spaniards are Ilocano,
Bicolano , Sugbuhanon, Hiligaynon, Visaya and others.
o Celebrations of fiestas, processions and village celebrations to honor patron
saints.
o Cuisine in the Philippines reflects the influences of Spanish also.
o Examples: afritada, arozcaldo, bistek, caldereta, chicharon, champorado, etc.)
o Filipinos learned to eat bread, drink coffee or hot chocolate.
 Spaniards introduced different forms of entertainment like cockfighting, moro-moro,
zarzuela, balagtasan, etc.
 AMERICANS
 People began to be free to join whatever religion they wanted. Because of this, there
began to be many different churches besides Catholicism.
 Americans also introduced the idea of free education to the Philipines.
 Lots of English words have made their way into the Tagalog language. Ex.
cake=keyk ; biscuit=biskwit
 Few types of clothing that America introduced to the filipino culture are belts, polo
shirts, bonnets and make-up
 When it comes to food, they introduced hamburgers, ketchup, chewing gum and
hotdogs.
 JAPAN
Japanese were here for such a short period, they leave few things like:
 Strict curfew was enforced
  Barangays were cut in half
 Karaoke and anime
 NON MATERIAL CULTURE
A. Language
 National language of the Filipinos is the Tagalog.
 Tagalog derived from the words "taga-ilog' which means "from the river" and
come from sanskrit.
 It is an Austronesian language used by the Malayo-Polynesian Race.
B. Norms
 "Mano po" - way of giving respect to the elders and also a way of receiving
blessing to the elders. Mano is a panish word for "hand".
 "Po at opo" - words that Filipinos use to show their respect when talking to elders
and/or to someone that they respect.
 Hospitability og Filipinos - a trait that you can't take from them. Filipinos are
generous and friendly to guests or visitors.
C. Customs
 Bayanihan - derived from a Filipino word "bayan" which means nation, town or
community. The term literally means "being in a bayan". Its concept is that town's
people were asked especially men to lend a hand to a family who will move into a
new place.
D. Beliefs
 Bathalas - is the all-mighty deity who created the universe. It was after the arrival
of the Spanish missionaries on the Philippines in the 16th century that Bathala
came to be identified as the Christian God, thus its synonymy with Diyos (God)
or Dibino (Divine, e.g. Mabathalang Awa); in some Visayan languages, Bathala
also means God.
 Supersitions - is often used to refer to a religion not practiced by the majority of a
given society regardless of whether the prevailing religion contains
superstitions. It is also commonly applied to beliefs and practices
surrounding luck, prophecy, and certain spiritual beings, particularly the belief
that future events can be foretold by specific (apparently) unrelated prior events.
 E. Sanctions
 Fiestas - the origin of early fiestas are rooted in Christianity, when many
communities of the predominantly Catholic Philippines almost always had a
patron saint assigned to each. It can be religions, cultural or both, because of these
tourists attract from the entire world.
F. Folkways
 Living with Parents - Filipinos highly value the presence of a family more than
anything. Many Filipinos continue living with parents until they get married.
G. Literature
 Pre-Hispanic Philippine literature was actually epics passed on from generation to
generation, originally through an oral tradition.
 Well known epics in the Philippines are the Ibong Adarna by Huseng Sisiw and
Florante at Laura by Francisco Baltazar.
 The novels of Jose Rizal, Noli Metangere and El Filibusterismo are also a well-
known novel in the Philippines.
H. Folk Dance
 This originates as ritual among and is characteristic of the common people of a
country and that is transmitted from generation to generation with increasing
secularization - distinguished from court dance.
I. Others
 Filipino Games - called Games of Heritage "Laro ng Lahi". It has beedln passed
from one generation to another since the early 1900's
o Patintero - most popular and widely-played game.
o Luksong Lubid - also called "Chinese Garter". Test of flexibility, made up of
interconnected rubber bands.
o Luksong Baka - "jump over a cow"
Cultures from Different part of the Philippines
 Luzon-Jordan
 Visayas
 The Visayan group consists of seven large and several hundred smaller islands
clustered around the Visayan, Samar and Camote seas. The 7 main islands are Bohol,
Cebu, Leyte, Masbate, Negros, Panay and Samar.
Visayan People
 Visayan people are happy-go-lucky and are a very religious group of people.
They are independent, adventurous and music lovers.
Beliefs
 Visayan people have a lot of things that they believe in. An example of this is
their belief of placing pomelo leaves under the house when a child is born; they
believe that it will drive away all evil spirits which may be hovering around.
Another is when someone gets sick in the family; it is believed that the sick
person is being punished by the fairies because of his carelessness or naughtiness.
Language
 Native speakers of Visayan languages, especially Cebuano, Hiligaynon and
Waray not only refer to their language by their local name, but also by Bisaya or
Binisay, meaning Visayan language. However, there are still dialects used by
Visayan people. Some of these are Tausug, Butuanan, Boholano and Surigaonon.
Religion
 Most Visayans, even before Christianity was introduced, believed in afterlife
which is evident in their ways of respecting or paying homage to the dead. At
present, 87% of the Visayan people are Roman Catholics.
Music
 Traditional Visayan folk music was known to many such as Dandansoy originally
in Hiligaynon and is now commonly sung in other Visayan languages. Another,
although originally written in Tagalog, is Waray-Waray which speaks of the
common stereotypes and positive characteristics of the Waray people. A very
popular Filipino Christmas carol, Ang Pasko ay Sumapit translated by Levi
Celerio to Tagalog was originally a Cebuano song entitled Kasadya Ning Taknaa
popularized by Ruben Tagalog. Contemporary Philippine Music was highly
influenced and molded through the contributions of many Visayan artists. Many
 of them are platinum recorder Jose Mari Chan, Pilita Corrales, Jaya and Kuh
Ledesma.
Dance
 Ethnic dances from the region are common in any traditional Filipino setting.
Curacha is a popular Waray dance and the well-known Tinikling of Leyte.
Festivals
 Visayans are known in the Philippines for their festivities such as the:
 Sinulog Festival
It commemorates the Filipino people’s acceptance of Christianity specifically,
Roman Catholicism, and their rejection of their former animist beliefs.
 Ati-Atihan Festival
It is a feast held annually in January in honor of the Sto. Nino (Infant Jesus) in
Kalibo, Aklan. Ati-atihan means “to be like Itas”. Itas were the primary
settlers in the islands of Panay.
 Pintados Kadsayaan Festival
It is a cultural and religious celebration based on two things being honored:
the Pagan practices of the former Leyte inhabitants of ancient body painting
and tattooing by Pintados warriors, and the Senior Santo Nino, Tacloban’s
patron saint.
 Dinagyang Festival
It reflects the ingenuity, craftsmanship and artistry of the Ilonggos. It is an
Ilonggo term for revelry or merrymaking.
Famous Attractions
 Boracay
 Chocolate Hills
 Basilica de Santo Nino
 Panglao Island
 Mactan Island
 Malapascua Island
 Siquijor
 Kalanggaman Island
 Mindanao
 Divided into 6 administrative regions: Zamboanga Peninsula (Region 9), Northern
Mindanao (Region 10), Davao Region (Region 11), Soccsksargen (Region 12),
Caraga Region (Region 13), Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM)
 Is known as The Land of Promise because of rich biodiversity , and natural
resources.
 Second largest island in the Philippines in the Southern part of archipelago
 Surrounded by the Mindanao (also called Bohol Sea), Philippine, Celebes, and Sulu
Seas
 Mount Apo is an active volcano in the Southern part of the central highlands; it is the
highest peak in the Philippines
 Lake Lanao is the second largest lake in the Philippines (Laguna de Bay is the largest
lake)
 Where the Philippine Eagle can be found
People

 Mindanao is a Muslim outpost in the predominantly Roman Catholic Philippines.

 Include Moro people which comprise 13 ethnolinguistic groups of Mindanao
(Lumad- group of non-Muslim indigenous people in the southern Philippines).
Moro

 Derived from the term “Moor” originating from “Mauru”

 Muslim population of the Philippines. Also called Bangsamoro or Bangsa Moro.
Language

 Chavacano or Philippine Creole Spanish is a Spanish-based creole spoken in parts of

Philippines, especially in and around Zamboanga
 Chavacano is used primarily as a spoken language which dates back to 1635, when
Zamboanga became a Spanish stronghold
 Widely used are Cebuano, Filipino, Hiligaynon
Religion

A. Islam Faith
  Islam is derived from the Arabic word “salema” which means submission and
obedience

Qur’an and The Shahada

 Qur’an is the central religious text of Islam

 Shahada English Translation: I BEAR WITNESS THAT THERE IS NONE
WORTHY OF WORSHIP BUT ALLAH AND I BEAR WITNESS THAT
MUHAMMAD IS HIS SERVANT AND MESSENGER.

Salat (Prayer)

 Muslims pray five times a day – every daybreak, noonday, midday, twilight and
evening.

Zacat (The Obligatory Charity)

 By giving 2.5% of the yearly income to charity, Islam teaches gratitude to the
bounties received from ‘Allah’.

Saum (The Fast of Ramadan)

 The fasting is closed with the ‘Eid Fitr’ (breaking the fast), where festivities and
merriment are observed to celebrate the achievement of enhanced piety.
Hajj (The Pilgrimage to Mecca)

 During the Hajj, humility, generosity, charity, realization of equality before God,
cultivation of patience, cooperation, suppressing anger, accomplishing decency,
chastity and spiritual encounter may be felt.
Jihad (The Struggle)

 Jihad (struggle or endeavor) in all forms is a call in Qur’an. Its interpretation should
not be limited to a bloody war only, but should be extended to include struggles
 aimed at preserving the ‘Good’ and the entire process of destroying the destroyer of
the Good (evil).
Arts

Vinta

 Traditional boat from Philippine Island Mindanao

Sarimanok

 Legendary bird of Maranao people whih originate in Mindanao

 Comes from the words “sari” means clothing or garment and “manok” is a Filipino
word for chicken
Clothing

 It features long skirts for the women, frequently woven with metallic threads,
and shorter, wrap-around skirts for the men.
The women also frequently have overskirts and scarves draped from the shoulder.
Batik design is also common with this costumes.
It shows the mix of Arab, Malaysian and Chinese.
Elaborate umbrella makes a nice fashion statement, usually used by a Muslim
princess.
 The malong is traditionally used as a garment by numerous tribes
in the Southern Philippines and the Sulu Archipelago.
Other facts:

 The tallest Philippine waterfall is Limunsudan Falls in Iligan City with a height of 240
meters. Another popular waterfall in Mindanao is Maria Cristina Falls in the province of
Lanao Del Sur.
 Lake Lanao, a large and spectacular lake in Mindanao, is one of the 15 ancient lakes in
the world. It is the largest in Mindanao and the second in the archipelago.
 One of the largest pineapple plantations in the world is the Del Monte Pineapple
plantation in Bukidnon.
Material Culture
 Wedding Rights
 MARRIAGE IN THE PHILIPPINES

Traditional marriage customs in the Philippines and Filipino wedding practices pertain to
the characteristics of marriage and wedding traditions established and adhered by the Filipino
men and women in the Philippines.

This is primarily influenced by the permutation of Filipino, Christian, Catholic, Protestant,

Chinese, Spanish, and American models.

Historical view

 Held for three days and was officiated by a BABAYLAN.

 The ceremonial center is the house of the babaylan
 It is held for three days.
 In lieu of the babaylan, the DATU or a wise elder may officiate

Another practice, in wedding ceremony of the Aetas the couple eats from the same plate and
they make turns feedings each other. Although Monogamy is the rule in the Aetas culture, a
man is allowed to have more than one wife if he can accumulate enough “bandi”.

Traditional view

 Legal requirements must be met in order to marry in the Philippines

 First step is the PAMAMANHIKAN or the marriage proposal.
 Next , is the wedding announcements where the couple performs “pa-alam” or wedding
announcement visitations.
 Also the distribution of wedding invitations is the next step after the wedding
announcements.
 On the ceremonial protocol there are required or specific dresses to wear.
 The Filipinos in Luzon such as Ilocano, Pangasinense ang Tagalogs has a wedding
practice. First practice is the pinning of the peso bill on the bride’s gown and the groom
suit.
Funeral Rights-Glenn and Jamica
Attitudes to develop
1) Manana Habit- it is something that we have learned from Spaniards. The word Manana
means “tomorrow” or “specified” future time. It is used to indicate procrastination or the
action of delaying or postponing something.

 It starts with a NEED. You need to do something now.

 But then you DECIDE to do it later.
 As a RESULT of the delay, you end up not doing it.
 Now, you tell yourself or somebody that you will do it tomorrow.
 Tomorrow comes. The same cycle happens.

2) Bahala Na - it is a phrase Filipinos use most often. It can mean “ living it all up to God”,
”come what may”. ”whatever will be will be” and the list goes on. It is embedded in the
Filipino culture and it will never go away. This is common to poor people because they
always experiencing hardship and difficulties. It can mean negative or positive depending on
the way it is said.

3)Crab Mentality- also known as crabs in a bucket is a way of thinking best described by the
phrase “if I can’t have it, neither can you” This term “ crab mentality” is often used by
Filipinos, by referring to people who pull other people down, denigrating them rather than
letting them get ahead or pursue their dreams.

4) Ningas-Kugon – One reason why we sometime exert half-hearted effort in our

undertakings is due to this attitude. Translated to “burning cogon grass” in English, this
idiom is meant to illustrate how Filipinos initially exhibit great enthusiasm at the beginning
of a project. Our eagerness however, fade away just a quickly as the file extinguished,
leaving our work unfinished.

5) Filipino Time- This means we tend not to observe punctuality at all. This behaviour
usually drives time – observant foreigners crazy. While we Filipinos with our easy-going
ways have somewhat become used to Filipino times, it is still a bad habit that needs to be
dropped.
 6) Being Onion-Skinned (Balat Sibuyas) – we Filipinos are famous for being onion skinned
or easily slighted at perceived results. Filipinos are sensitive when it comes to insults.

7) Colonial mentality- Probably one of the biggest flaws we have as a nation is our colonial
mentality, defined as a preference for all things foreign over our own. It is a negative that we
acquired from our days under the Spanish and the American. As a result, we Filipinos often
think that our culture is inferior compare to the culture of other nature.

8) Corruption- One of the biggest social ills our country has continued to face since time
immemorial is the issue of corruption. It is already imbedded deep within our system.

Historical Values
1. The early Filipinos had their own inventions and spread cultures to other places. They
did not just borrow or receive the culture of others.
2. Respect and protect the tribal minorities in the Philippines because they are part of the
ancestry.
Contributions of the Philippines to the World – Mark

Electronic References
http://pinas.dlsu.edu.ph/history/history.html
http://www.philippine-history.org/early-filipinos.htm
https://www.slideshare.net/praejames245/the-early-ancestors-of-the-filipinos
http://thehungrysuitcase.com/why-is-the-philippines-called-the-philippines/
https://philippines.knoji.com/historical-and-geographical-facts-about-the-island-of-mindanao-
the-land-of-promise/
http://nap.psa.gov.ph/ncs/10thNCS/papers/contributed%20papers/cps-03/cps03-03.pdf
http://www.artesdelasfilipinas.com/archives/115/islamic-art-in-the-philippines
https://gtte.wordpress.com/2013/09/16/sarimanok-maranao-legend-and-islamic-mythology/
https://w0wphilippines.wordpress.com/2012/09/24/philiipine-traditional-costumes/amp/
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