Diphoton decay for a 750 GeV scalar boson in an U (1)0

model
arXiv:1512.05617v2 [hep-ph] 21 Dec 2015

R. Martinez∗, F. Ochoa†, C.F. Sierra ‡,

Departamento de Fı́sica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia,
Ciudad Universitaria, K. 45 No. 26-85, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
December 22, 2015

Abstract
In the context of an U (1)0 extension of the standard model free from anomalies
with an extra scalar sector, we examine scalar decays as a possible explanation of the
observed diphoton excess announced by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations at CERN-
LHC collider. We find that a heavy top-like singlet quark T with mass mT ≈ 4TeV
can mediate the decay of an 750 GeV scalar particle.

1 Introduction
Although the Standard Model (SM) [1] is the simplest model that successfully explains
most of the phenomena and experimental observations in particle physics, there are still
some unexplained discrepancies and unanswered fundamental questions which many the-
orists associate with an underlying theory beyond the SM. The most recent experimental
discrepancy is the 3σ excess in the diphoton channel at 750 GeV announced by the ATLAS
and CMS collaborations [2, 3] which could become in the first evidence of new physics be-
yond the standard model (SM) from both collaborations at CERN-LHC collider. Although
this observation requires further analyses and more experimental data, it is interesting to
explore the theoretical and phenomenological consequences to have a new resonance with
this mass. In particular, an scalar resonance is a well fundamented candidate supported by
many theoretical models, as for example, heavier Higgs bosons from scalar extension of the
SM, as recently cosidered in [4], models with heavy axion candidates as shown in [5] and
with pseudo-Nambu Goldstone bosons as in [6]. Many other options have been considered in
the literature, as for example in [7]. In this paper, we evaluate the scenario of an scalar par-
ticle of 750 GeV decaying into two photons in the context of the U (1)0 extension of the SM
introduced in Refs. [9, 10, 11], which give us a natural scenario where one loop contributions
from heavy quarks allow this type of decays.
∗
e-mail: remartinezm@unal.edu.co
†
e-mail: faochoap@unal.edu.co
‡
e-mail: cfsierraf@unal.edu.co

1
2 R. Martinez, F. Ochoa, C.F. Sierra

2 Description of the model

We consider the abelian extension Gsm × U (1)0 , where Gsm = (SU (3)c , SU (2)L , U (1)Y ) is
the ordinary SM gauge symmetries, while U (1)0 = U (1)X is an extra symmetry that assign
a new charge X to the particle content, as shown in tables 1 and 2. Some general properties
of the model are:

- The equations that cancel the chiral anomalies are obtained in [9]. These equations
lead us to a set of non-trivial solutions for U (1)X that requires an structure of three
families, where the left-handed quarks qLi have nonuniversal charges: family with i = 1
has X1 = 1/3, while X2,3 = 0 for i = 2, 3. In addition, the cancellation of anomalies
require the existence of an extended quark sector. A simple possibility is by introducing
quasichiral singlets (T and J n , where n = 1, 2), i.e. singlets that are chiral under U (1)X
and vector-like under Gsm

- An extra neutral gauge boson, Zµ0 , is required to make the U (1)X transformation a
local symmetry.

- Due to the nonuniversal structure of the quark doublets, an additional scalar doublet,
φ2 , identical to φ1 under Gsm but with different U (1)X charges is required in order
to obtain massive fermions after the spontaneus symmetry
p breaking, where the elec-
troweak vacuum expectation value (VEV) is υ = υ1 + υ22 . Also, an extra scalar
2

singlet, χ, with VEV υχ is required to produce the symmetry breaking of the U (1)X
symmetry. We assume that it happens at a large scale υχ  υ.

3 Diphoton decay
The most general, renomalizable and Gsm × U (1)X invariante Yukawa Lagrangian for quarks
is

 
− LQ = qL1 φe2 hU2 URj + qLa (φe1 hU1 )aj URj + qL1 φ1 hD j D j

a


1 1j DR + qL φ2 h2 aj DR
1j
 
+ qL1 (φ1 hJ1 )1m JRm + qLa φ2 hJ2 am JRm + qL1 φe2 hT2 TR + qLa (φe1 hT1 )a TR


1
∗ U

j ∗ T


+ TL χ0 hχ j UR + TL χ0 hχ TR
j
+ JLn χ0 hD J m

n


χ nj DR + JL χ0 hχ nm JR + h.c, (1)

where φe1,2 = iσ2 φ∗1,2 are conjugate scalar doublets, and a = 2, 3. We can see in Eq. (1) that
due to the non-universality of the U (1)X symmetry, not all couplings between quarks and
scalars are allowed by the gauge symmetry. In particular, we are interested in the coupling of
the scalar singlet χ0 , which exhibits couplings to the heavy sector of the model and mixing
terms with the ordinary SM quarks. Although we can consider decays mediated by the
mixing couplings TL − χ − UR or JL − χ − DR , they are suppressed by the mass of the
ordinary quarks. Also, loops through pure down-like quarks J exhibits smaller couplings to
 3

γ
T
χ
T
γ
T
Figure 1: Diphoton scalar decay mediated by a loop of top-like quarks T.

photons due to their electric charge. Thus, as a first approximation, we explore the diphoton
χ decay due to the T quark only, as shown in Fig. 1, where we take the real part as the
residual physical particle after the symmetry breaking, while the imaginary field corresponds
to the Goldstone-like boson that become into the longitudinal component of the Z 0 gauge
boson, obtaining [12]:

α2 h2χ mχ 
1 + (1 − τχ )f (τχ )2 ,

Γ(ξχ → γγ) = τ χ (2)
36π 3
with τχ = 4m2T /m2χ for τχ > 1, which requires mT & 400 GeV for a scalar particle of 750
GeV, and where we made hχ = hTχ . The constant α = e2 /(4π) is the usual fine structure
constant of the quantum electrodynamics. The loop factor is:
 2
1
f (τχ ) = arcsin( √ ) . (3)
τχ
On the other hand, since the quark couple to gluons, the branching decay is defined as
the ratio between the ξχ → γγ width and the total width into di-photon and gluons:

Γ(ξχ → γγ)
BR(ξχ → γγ) =
Γ(ξχ → γγ) + Γ(ξχ → gg)
R
= , (4)
1+R
where:

αs2 h2χ mχ 
1 + (1 − τχ )f (τχ )2 ,

Γ(ξχ → gg) = Kχg τ χ (5)
32π 3
with Kχg ≈ 1.6 the QCD loop enhancement factor which includes the leading order QCD
corrections [13] and

Γ(ξχ → γγ) 8α2

R= = , (6)
Γ(ξχ → gg) 9 αs2 Kχg
4 R. Martinez, F. Ochoa, C.F. Sierra

√
Following [5], for centre-of-mass energies of s = 13 TeV, the total cross section σ(pp → ξχ )
can be estimated as

m2t m2χ
σ(pp → ξχ ) ∼ σSM (pp → H) × h2χ , (7)
m2T m2H
where σSM (pp → H) ≈ 40 pb is a reference production cross section of the SM Higgs boson
H via gluon-gluon fusion, with mH ≈ 125 GeV [14]. In this way, with mχ = 750 GeV which
implies mχ /mH = 6 it can be shown that

σ(pp → ξχ → γγ) ≈ σ(pp → ξχ )BR(ξχ → γγ),

2 m2
2 mt χ R
≈ 40 pbhχ 2 2 . (8)
mT mH 1 + R
From this, by assuming the value σ(pp → ξχ → γγ) ≈ 6.26 ± 3.32 fb, it is inferred a bound
on the exotic top-like mass particle

mT ≈ hχ × 4.08 × 104 GeV. (9)

For example, if we choose a perturbative Yukawa coupling value of hχ = 0.1, we estimate

that mT ≈ 4TeV in order to obtain the observed excess at 750 GeV.

Acknowledgment
This work was supported by El Patrimonio Autónomo Fondo Nacional de Financiamiento
para la Ciencia, la Tecnologı́a y la Innovación Fransisco José de Caldas programme of COL-
CIENCIAS in Colombia.

References
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A. Salam, in Elementary Particle Theory: Relativistic Groups and Analyticity (Nobel
Symposium No. 8), edited by N. Svartholm (Almqvist and Wiksell, Stockholm, 1968), p.
367.

[2] Talk by Jim Olsen, CMS Collaboration, “CMS 13 TeV Results”, CERN Jam-
boree, December 15, 2015. Plots are presented in, http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-
results/public-results/preliminary-results/LHC-Jamboree-2015/index.html.

[3] Talk by Marumi Kado, ATLAS Collaboration, “ATLAS 13 TeV Results”, CERN Jam-
boree, December 15, 2015. Plots are presented in, https://twiki.cern.ch/twiki/bin/view/
AtlasPublic/December2015-13TeV .

[4] Stefano Di Chiara, Luca Marzola, Martti Raidal, arXiv:1512.04939.

 5

[5] A. Pilaftsis, arXiv:1512.04931 [hep-ph].

[6] Keisuke Harigaya and Yasunori Nomura, arXiv:1512.04850.

[7] Mihailo Backovic, Alberto Mariotti, Diego Redigolo, arXiv:1512.04917 [hep-ph]; Yann
Mambrini, Giorgio Arcadi, Abdelhak Djouadi, arXiv:1512.04913 [hep-ph]; Aqeel Ahmed,
Barry M. Dillon, Bohdan Grzadkowski, John F. Gunion, Yun Jiang, arXiv:1512.05771;
Yuichiro Nakai, Ryosuke Sato, Kohsaku Tobioka, arXiv:1512.04924; Archil Kobakhidze,
Fei Wang, Lei Wu, Jin Min Yang, Mengchao Zhang, arXiv:1512.05585.

[8] John Ellis, Sebastian A. R. Ellis, Jrmie Quevillon, Veronica Sanz, Tevong You,
arXiv:1512.05327

[9] R. Martinez, J. Nisperuza, F. Ochoa, J.P. Rubio Phys. Rev. D 89, 056008 (2014).
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[10] R. Martinez, J. Nisperuza, F. Ochoa, J.P. Rubio Phys. Rev. D 90, 095004 (2014).
arXiv:1408.5153 [hep-ph].

[11] R. Martinez, J. Nisperuza, F. Ochoa, J. P. Rubio, C.F. Sierra Phys. Rev. D 92, 035016
(2015). arXiv:1411.1641 [hep-ph].

[12] J.F. Gunion, H.E. Haber, G. Kane and S. Dawson. The Higgs Hunter’s Guide. Addison-
Wesley Publishing Company. 1990.

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Phys. C 38 (2014) 090001.
6 R. Martinez, F. Ochoa, C.F. Sierra

Table 1: Ordinary SM particle content, with i =1,2,3

Spectrum Gsm U (1)X

 
Ui 1/3 for i = 1
qLi = (3, 2, 1/3)
Di L
0 for i = 2, 3

URi (3∗ , 1, 4/3) 2/3

i
DR (3∗ , 1, −2/3) −1/3
 
νi
`iL = (1, 2, −1) −1/3
ei L

eiR (1, 1, −2) −1

φ+
 
1
φ1 = √1 (υ1 + ξ1 + iζ1 )
(1, 2, 1) 2/3
2

Table 2: Extra non-SM particle content, with n =1,2

Spectrum Gsm U (1)X

TL (3, 1, 4/3) 1/3

TR (3∗ , 1, 4/3) 2/3

JLn (3, 1, −2/3) 0

JRn (3∗ , 1, −2/3) −1/3

φ+
 
2
φ2 = 1
√ (υ2 + ξ2 + iζ2 )
(1, 2, 1) 1/3
2

χ= √1 (υχ + ξχ + iζχ ) (1, 1, 0) −1/3

2

Zµ0 (1, 1, 0) 0