Outline:-

 Introduction
 History
 Characteristics of Biometrics
 Working Principle of Biometrics
 Classification of Biometrics
 System Accuracy
 Comparison of Various Biometrics Technology
 Applications
 Conclusion
 Introduction

What is biometrics?

Why biometrics?
Levels of Security
 History
 The ancient Egyptians and the Chinese played a large role in
biometrics history.

 Biometrics in practice was a form of finger printing being used

in china in the 14th century.

 Bertillon developed a technique of multiple body

measurements .

 A system called “Indentimat” which measured shape of the

hand and length of fingers was introduced in 1970s.
 Characteristics of Biometrics
 Any human characteristic can qualify as a biometric
characteristic as long as it satisfies the following
requirements:-

 Universality

 Distinctiveness

 Permanence

 Collectability
Working of Biometrics System
 Classification of Biometrics

1. Physiological – related to shape of the body.

 Fingerprint
 Facial recognisation
 Hand geometry
 Iris recognisation

2. Behavioral – related to the behavior of the person.

 Speaker recognisation
 Signature recognisation
 Gesture recognisation
 Fingerprint Recognisation
 A fingerprint is made of a series of ridges and furrows on the
surface of the finger.
 Ridge ending, ridge bifurcation and minutiae points.
 Algorithm is developed to distinguish whorl, arch and loop.
 Face Recognisation
 Analyze the unique shape, pattern and positioning of the facial
features.
 Face recognition is non-intrusive.
 There are about 80 peaks and valleys on a human face.
 Continues……
 A face recognition system consists of the following modules:-
 Sensor module.
 Face detection and feature extraction module.
 Classification module.

 A face detection algorithms can be divided into three categories

according to
 Knowledge-based methods.
 Feature invariant approaches.
 Template-based methods.
 Hand Geometry
 Based on a number of measurements taken from the human
hand.
 The technique is very simple, relatively easy to use, and
inexpensive.
 The physical size of a hand geometry-based system is large.
 Iris Recognisation
 The iris of each eye of each person is absolutely unique. This
even applies to identical twins.
 Have over 200 unique spots and highly accurate technology.
 The false acceptance rate for iris recognition systems is 1 in 1.2
million.
 Speaker Recognisation
 Uses individual’s voice for recognisation purposes.
 Voice sample.
 Depending on authentication domain
 Fixed text method.
 Text dependent.
 Text independent.
 Signature Recognisation
 Measures and analyze the physical activity of signing.
 Banking or finance related applications.
 Multimodal Biometrics System

 It utilize more than one physiological or behavioral

characteristic for enrollment, verification or identification.

 This system takes advantage of the capabilities of each

individual biometric.

 It can be used to overcome some of the limitations of a

single biometrics.
 Gesture Recognisation
 Use of motions to communicate.
 Interact naturally without any mechanical devices.
 Depth-aware cameras.
 Stereo cameras.
 Controller based Gestures.
 System Accuracy

 Accuracy or performance of biometric systems is measured

with three factors:-

 False acceptance rate (FAR)

 False rejection rate (FRR)

 Equal Error Rate (EER)

System Accuracy Curve
 Misidentification Rate

Method Coded Pattern Misidentification

Rate
Iris Recognition Iris pattern 1/1,200,000
Fingerprinting Fingerprints 1/1,000

Facial Recognition Outline, shape and

distribution of eyes and 1/100
nose

1/100
Shape of letters, writing
Signature
order, pen pressure

Voice printing Voice characteristics 1/30

 Comparison of Biometrics Technology
Biometrics Univers Uniquen Permane Collectab Perform Accepta Circum
ality ess nce ility ance bility vention

Fingerprint M H H M H M H

Face H L M H L H L

Hand M M M H M M M
geometry
Iris H H H M H L H

Voice M L L M L H L

Signature L L L H L H H
 Applications
1. Eye-gazed System:-

 The Eye gaze Edge uses the pupil-center/corneal-reflection method to

determine where the user is looking on the screen.
Portable Eye gaze System Mounted on Wheelchair
2. Television Controlled by Hand Gestures:-

 Canesta 3D sensor
 CMOS Chip Technology
 3. Mimi Switch:-

 It uses infrared sensors.

 It stores and even interpret data.

 Can be used as a safety measure.

 4. Controller Free Gaming:-
 Project Natal is the name for a controller free Gaming.

 Using gestures and spoken commands.

 Depth Sensor.
 Conclusion

 Biometrics is an emerging area with many opportunities for

growth.
 Not to remember passwords.

 User friendliness.

 A new way to interact with devices.

 References
1. A. Jain et al: “BIOMETRICS: Personal Identification in Networked Society”,
Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999, ISBN0-7923-8345-1.

2. S. Prabhakar, S. Pankanti, and A. K. Jain, “Biometric Recognition: Security

and Privacy Concerns”, IEEE Security and Privacy Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 2,
pp. 33-42, 2003.

3. http:// www.biometrics.org/

4. http://www.biometricsconsotorium.com

5. http://www.howstufworks.com

6. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FCEyHiLxuC8
THANK YOU
Any Questions