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Class XII Chapter 7 – Integrals Maths
______________________________________________________________________________
Book Name: Selina Concise

EXERCISE- 7.1
Question 1:
Find an anti-derivative (or integral) of the following functions by the method of inspection. sin
2x
Solution 1:
d 1 d
( cos 2 x ) = −2 sin 2 x  sin 2 x = − ( cos 2 x )
dx 2 dx
d  1 
 sin 2 x =  − cos 2 x 
dx  2 
1
Thus, the anti-derivative of sin 2x is − cos 2 x
2
Question 2:
Find an anti-derivative (or integral) of the following functions by the method of inspection.
cos 3x
Solution 2:
d 1 d
( sin 3x ) = 3cos 3x  cos 3x = ( sin 3 x )
dx 3 dx
d 1 
 cos 3x =  sin 3x 
dx  3 
1
Thus, the anti - derivative of cos 3x is sin 3 x
3
Question 3:
Find an anti-derivative (or integral) of the following functions by the method of inspection. e2x
Solution 3:
(
d 2x
dx
e ) = 2e 2 x  e 2 x = (e )
1 d 2x
2 dx
d  1 2x 
 e2 x =  e 
dx  2 
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______________________________________________________________________________
1 2x
Thus, the anti-derivative of e2 x is e
2
Question 4:
(ax + b)2
Solution 4:
d
( ax+b ) = 3a ( ax+b )
3 2
dx
1 d
 ( ax+b ) = ( ax+b )
2 3
3a dx
d  1 3
 ( ax+b ) =  ( ax+b ) 
2
dx  3a 
1
Thus, the anti derivative of ( ax+b ) is ( ax+b )
2 3
3a
Question 5:
sin 2x – 4e3x
Solution 5:
d  1 4 3x 
 − cos 2 x − e  = sin 2 x − 4e
3x
dx  2 3 
 1 4 
Thus, the anti derivative of ( sin 2 x − 4e3 x ) is  − cos 2 x − e3 x 
 2 3 
Question 6:
 ( 4e + 1)dx
3x
Solution 6:
 ( 4e + 1)dx
3x
= 4 e 3x
dx +  1dx
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
 e3 x 
= 4 + x+C
 3 
4
= e3 x + x + C
3
Question 7:
 1 
x 1 − 2 dx
2
 x 
Solution 7:
 1 
x 1 − 2 dx
2
 x 
=  ( x 2 − 1) dx
=  x 2 dx −  1dx
x3
= − x+C
3
Question 8:
 ( ax + bx + c )dx
2
Solution 8:
 ( ax + bx + c )dx
2
= a  x dx + b  xdx + c  1.dx
2
 x3   x 2 
= a   + b   + cx + C
 3  2
ax3 bx 2
= + + cx + C
3 2
Question 9:
 ( 2x + e x )dx
2
Solution 9:
 ( 2x + e x )dx
2
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
= 2 x 2 dx +  e x dx
 x3  x
= 2  + e + C
 3
2
= x3 + e x + C
3
Question 10:
2
 1 
  x − x  dx
Solution 10:
2
 1 
  x − x  dx
 1 
=   x + − 2  dx
 x 
1
=  xdx +  dx − 2  1.dx
x
x2
= + log x − 2 x + C
2
Question 11:
x3 + 5 x 2 − 4
 x2 dx
Solution 11:
x3 + 5 x 2 − 4
 x2 dx
=  ( x + 5 − 4 x −2 ) dx
=  xdx + 5 1.dx − 4  x −2 dx
x2  x −1 
= + 5x − 4  +C
2  −1 
x2 4
= + 5x + + C
2 x
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
Question 12:
x3 + 3x + 4
 x
dx
Solution 12:
x3 + 3x + 4
 x
dx
 5 1
− 
1
=   x 2 + 3x 2 + 4 x 2  dx
 
 3  1
3 x 2  4  x 2 
7
+   +   +C
2
x
7 3 1
2 2 2
2 72 3 1
= x + 2 x 2 + 8x 2 + C
7
2 7 3
= x 2 + 2x 2 + 8 x + C
7
Question 13:
x3 − x 2 + x − 1
 x − 1 dx
Solution 13:
x3 − x 2 + x − 1
 x − 1 dx
On dividing, we get
=  ( x 2 + 1) dx
=  x 2 dx +  1dx
x3
= + x+C
3
Question 14:
 (1 − x ) xdx
Solution 14:
 (1 − x ) xdx
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
 3

=   x − x 2  dx
 
1 3
=  x dx −  x dx
2 2
3 5
x2 x2
= − +C
3 5
2 2
2 2 2 52
3
x − x +C
3 5
Question 15:
 x ( 3x 2 + 2 x + 3) dx
Solution 15:
 x ( 3x 2 + 2 x + 3) dx
 5 3 1

= 3  2 x 2 + 2 x 2 + 3 x 2 
 
5 3 1
= 3 x dx + 2  x dx + 3 x dx
2 2 2
 32 
 7   5  x 
 x2   x2   
= 3  + 2 5 +3 3 +C
7
   
 2   2  2
6 72 4 52 3
= x + x + 2x 2 + C
7 5
Question 16:
 ( 2 x − 3cos x + e )dx
x
Solution 16:
 ( 2 x − 3cos x + e )dx
x
= 2 xdx − 3 cos xdx +  e dx x
2 x2
= − 3 ( sin x ) + e x + C
2
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
= x2 − 3sin x + ex + C
Question 17:
 ( 2x )
− 3sin x + 5 x dx
2
Solution 17:
 ( 2x )
− 3sin x + 5 x dx
2
1
= 2 x dx − 3 sin xdx + 5 x dx
2 2
 3 
2 x3  x2 
= − 3 ( − cos x ) + 5  +C
3 3
 
 2 
2 3 10 32
= x + 3cos x + x + C
3 3
Question 18:
 sec x (sec x + tan x ) dx
Solution 18:
 sec x (sec x + tan x ) dx
=  ( sec x + sec x tan x ) dx
2
=  sec xdx +  sec x tan xdx

2
= tan x + sec x + C
Question 19:
sec2 x
 cos ec2 x dx
Solution 19:
sec2 x
 cos ec2 x dx
1
2
=  cos x dx
1
sin 2 x
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
sin 2 x
= dx
cos 2 x
=  tan 2 xdx
=  ( sec 2 x − 1) dx
=  sec2 xdx −  1dx
= tan x − x + C
Question 20:
2 − 3sin x
 cos 2 x
dx
Solution 20:
2 − 3sin x
 cos 2 x
dx
 2 3sin x 
=  − dx
 cos x cos x 
2 2
=  2sec2 xdx − 3 tan x sec xdx

= 2 tan x − 3sec x + C
Question 21:
 1 
The anti – derivative of  x +  equals
 x
1 1 2
1 3 2 3 1 2
( A) x + 2x 2 + C ( B) x + x +C
3 3 2
2 32 1
3 2 1 12
3
(C ) x + 2x 2 + C ( D) x + x + C
3 2 2
Solution 21:
 1 
 x+ 
 x
3 1
1 1
− x2 x2
=  x dx +  x dx =
2 2
+ +C
3 1
2 2
2 32 1
= x + 2x 2 + C
3
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
Thus, the correct answer is C.
Question 22:
d 3
If f ( x ) = 4 x 3 − 4 such that f(2) = 0, then f(x) is
dx x
1 129 1 129
( A) x 4 + 3 − ( B ) x3 + 4 +
x 8 x 8
1 129 1 129
(C ) x4 + 3 + ( D ) x3 + 4 −
x 8 x 8
Solution 22:
d 3
Given, f ( x ) = 4 x3 − 4
dx x
3
Anti-derivative of 4x 3 − 4 = f ( x )
x
3
 f ( x ) =  4 x3 − dx
x4
f ( x ) = 4 x3 dx − 3 ( x −4 )dx
 x 4   x −3 
f ( x) = 4   − 3 +C
 4   −3 
1
f ( x ) = x4 + 3 + C
x
Also,
f (2) = 0
1
 f ( 2) = ( 2) + +C = 0
4
( 2)
3
1  1
 16 + + C = 0  C = − 16 + 
8  8
−129
C =
8
1 129
 f ( x ) = x4 + −
x3 8
Thus, the correct answer is A.
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE- 7.2
Question 1:
2x
1 + x2
Solution 1:
Put 1 + x2 = t
2x dx = dt
2x 1
 dx =  dt
1+ x 2
t
= log t + C
= log 1 + x 2 + C
= log (1 + x 2 ) + C
Question 2:
( log x )
2
x
Solution 2:
Put log |x| = t
1
 dx = dt
x
( log x ) dx =
2
  t dt
2
x
t3
= +C
3
( log x )
3
= +C
3
Question 3:
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
1
x + x log x
Solution 3:
1 1
=
x + x log x x (1 + log x )
Put, 1 + log x = t
1
 dx = dt
x
1 1
 dx =  dt
x (1 + log x ) t
= log t + C
= log 1 + log x + C
Question 4:
Sin x.sin (cos x)
Solution 4:
Sin x.sin (cos x)
Put, cos x = t
∴ −sin x dx = dt
  sin x.sin ( cos x ) dx = − sin tdt
= −  − cos t  + C
= cos t + C
= cos ( cos x ) + C
Question 5:
Sin (ax + b) cos (ax + b)
Solution 5:
2sin ( ax + b ) cos ( ax + b ) sin 2 ( ax + b )
Sin (ax + b) cos (ax + b) = =
2 2
Put, 2 (ax + b) = t
∴ 2adx = dt
sin 2 ( ax + b ) 1 sin t dt
 dx = 
2 2 2a
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
1
=  − cos t  + C
4a
−1
= cos 2 ( ax + b ) + C
4a
Question 6:
ax + b
Solution 6:
Put, ax + b = t
⇒ adx = dt
1
 dx = dt
a
1
1 12
  ( ax + b ) 2 dx =
a
t dt
 1 
1  t2  2 3
=   + C = ( ax + b ) 2 + C
a 3  3a
2 
Question 7:
x x+2
Solution 7:
Put, x + 2 = t
dx = dt
  x x + 2 =  ( t − 2 ) tdt
 3 1

=   t 2 − 2t 2  dt
 
3 1
=  t 2 dt − 2  t 2 dt
5  3
t2  t2 
= − 2  + C
5 3
 
2 2
2 5 4 3
= t2 − t2 +C
5 3
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
5 3
2 4
= ( x + 2) 2 − ( x + 2) 2 + C
5 3
Question 8:
x 1 + 2 x2
Solution 8:
Put, 1 + 2x2= t
 4xdx = dt
tdt
  x 1 + 2 x 2 dx = 
4
1 12
4
= t dt
 3
1  t2 
=  +C
4 3 
2
3
= (1 + 2 x 2 ) 2 + C
1
6
Question 9:
( 4x + 2) x2 + x + 1
Solution 9:
Put, x2 + x + 1 = t
 (2x +1) dx = dt
 ( 4x + 2) x 2 + x + 1 dx
=  2 tdt
= 2 tdt
 3 
 t2  3
= 2
3  + C =
3
(
4 2
x + x + 1)2 + C
 
2 
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
Question 10:
1
x− x
Solution 10:
1 1
( )
=
x− x x x −1
Put, ( x − 1 = t ) 1
2 x
dx = dt
1 2
 dx =  dt
x ( x −1 )
t
= 2log t + C
= 2log x −1 + C
Question 11:
x
,x 0
x+4
Solution 11:
Put, x + 4 = t
dx = dt
x ( t − 4 ) dt =  t − 4 
 x+4
dx = 
t
  t
 dt

3  1
t2  t2  2 3 1
= − 4   + C = (t )2 − 8 (t )2 + C
3 1 3
 
2 2
2 1 1
= t . t 2 − 8t 2 + C
3
2 12
= t ( t − 12 ) + C
3
1
2
= ( x + 4 ) 2 ( x + 4 − 12 ) + C
3
2
= x + 4 ( x − 8) + C
3
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
Question 12:
1
(x 3
− 1) 3 x 5
Solution 12:
Put, x3 – 1 = t
3x2 dx = dt
1 1
  ( x − 1) x dx =  ( x − 1) x3 .x 2 dx
3 3 5 3 3
dt 1  43 13 
1
=  t ( t + 1) =   t + t dt
3
3 3  
 7 4 
1 t 3 t 3 
=  + +C
3 7 4 
3 3
1 3 3 3 3 
7 4
=  t + t +C
3 7 4 
7 4
=
7
( ) 4( )
1 3
x − 1 3 +
1 3
x − 1 3 +C
Question 13:
x2
( 2 + 3x ) 3 3
Solution 13:
Put 2 + 3x3 = t
9x2 dx = dt
x2 1 dt
 dx =  3
( 2 + 3x3 ) 9 (t )
3
1  t −2 
=  +C
9  −2 
−1  1 
=  +C
18  t 2 
−1
= +C
18 ( 2 + 3 x 3 )
2
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
Question 14:
1
,x 0
x ( log x )
m
Solution 14:
Put, log x = t
1
dx = dt
x
1 dt  t − m−1 
 dx =  = +C
x ( log x ) (t )  1− m 
m m
( log x )
1− m
= +C
(1 − m )
Question 15:
x
9 − 4 x2
Solution 15:
Put, 9 – 4x2 = t
−8x dx = dt
x −1 1

8 t
dx = dt
9 − 4x 2
−1
= log t + C
8
−1
= log 9 − 4 x 2 + C
8
Question 16:
e2 x +3
Solution 16:
Put, 2x + 3 = t
2dx = dt
1 t
  e 2 x +3 dx =
2
e dt
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
=
2
(e ) + C
1 t
1 2 x +3
= e( ) + C
2
Question 17:
x
2
ex
Solution 17:
Put, x2 = t
2xdx = dt
x 1 1
  x2 dx =  t dt
e 2 e
1
=  e − t dt
2
1  e−t 
=  +C
2  −1 
1 2
= − e− x + C
2
−1
= x2 + C
2e
Question 18:
−1
e tan x
1 + x2
Solution 18:
Put, tan −1 x = t
1
 dx = dt
1 + x2
−1
e tan x
 dx =  et dt
1+ x 2
= e +C
t
−1
= e tan x
+C
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
Question 19:
e2 x − 1
e2 x + 1
Solution 19:
e2 x − 1
e2 x + 1
Dividing Nr and Dr by ex, we get
(e 2x
− 1)
ex e x − e− x
=
( e2 x + 1) e x + e− x
ex
Let e x + e− x = t
(e x
− e− x ) dx = dt
e2 x − 1 e x − e− x
  2x dx =  x − x dx
e +1 e +e
dt
=
t
= log t + C
= log e x + e − x + C
Question 20:
e 2 x − e −2 x
e 2 x + e −2 x
Solution 20:
Put, e2 x + e−2 x = t
( 2e2 x + 2e−2 x ) dx = dt
 2 ( e2 x − e−2 x ) dx = dt
 e2 x − e−2 x  dt
   2 x −2 x dx = 
e +e  2t
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
1 1
2t
= dt
1
= log t + C
2
1
= log e 2 x + e −2 x + C
2
Question 21:
tan 2 ( 2x − 3)
Solution 21:
tan2 ( 2x − 3) = sec2 ( 2x − 3) −1
Put, 2x − 3 = t
2dx = dt
  tan 2 ( 2 x − 3)dx =  sec2 ( 2 x − 3) − 1dx
=
1
2  ( sec 2 t ) dt −  1dx =  sec 2 tdt −  1dx
1
2
1
= tan t − x + C
2
1
= tan ( 2 x − 3) − x + C
2
Question 22:
sec2 ( 7 − 4x )
Solution 22:
Put, 7 − 4x = t
−4dx = dt
−1
  sec 2 ( 7 − 4 x ) dx =
4 
sec 2 tdt
−1
= ( tan t ) + C
4
−1
= tan ( 7 − 4 x ) + C
4
Question 23:
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
sin −1 x
1 − x2
Solution 23:
Put, sin −1 x = t
1
dx = dt
1 − x2
sin −1 x
 dx =  t dt
1 − x2
( sin −1 x )
2
t2
= +C = +C
2 2
Question 24:
2 cos x − 3sin x
6 cos x + 4 sin x
Solution 24:
2 cos x − 3sin x 2 cos x − 3sin x
=
6 cos x + 4sin x 2 ( 3cos x + 2sin x )
Let 3cos x + 2sin x = t
( −3sin x + 2 cos x ) dx = dt
2 cos x − 3sin x dt
 6 cos x + 4sin xdx =  2t
1 1
2t
= dt
1
= log t + C
2
1
= log 2 sin x + 3cos x + C
2
Question 25:
1
cos x (1 − tan x )
2 2
Solution 25:
1 sec2
=
cos 2 x (1 − tan x ) (1 − tan x )
2 2
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
Let (1 − tan x ) = t
− sec 2 xdx = dt
sec2 −dt
 dx = 
(1 − tan x )
2
t2
= −  t −2 dt
1
= + +C
t
1
= +C
(1 − tan x )
Question 26:
cos x
x
Solution 26:
Let x = t
1
dx = dt
2 x
cos x
 dx = 2  cos tdt
x
= 2sin t + C
= 2sin x + C
Question 27:
sin 2 x cos 2 x
Solution 27:
Put, sin 2x = t
So, 2cos 2x dx = dt
1
  sin 2 x cos 2 xdx =
2
tdt
 3 
1  t2 
=  +C
2 3 
2 
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
1 3
= t2 +C
3
3
1
= ( sin 2 x ) 2 + C
3
Question 28:
cos x
1 + sin x
Solution 28:
Put, 1 + sin x = t
cos x dx = dt
cos x dt
 dx = 
1 + sin x t
1
t2
= +C
1
2
= 2 t +C
= 2 1 + sin x + C
Question 29:
cot x log sin x
Solution 29:
Let log sin x =t
1
 .cos xdx = dt
sinx
 cot xdx = dt
  cot x log sin xdx =  tdt
t2
= +C
2
1
= ( log sin x ) + C
2
Question 30:
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
sin x
1 + cos x
Solution 30:
Put, 1 + cos x = t
−sin x dx = dt
sin x dt
 dx =  −
1 + cos x t
= − log t + C
= − log 1 + cos x + C
Question 31:
sin x
(1 + cos x )
2
Solution 31:
Put, 1 + cos x = t
−sin x dx = dt
sin x dt
 dx =  − 2
(1 + cos x )
2
t
= −  t −2 dt
1
= +C
t
1
= +C
1 + cos x
Question 32:
1
1 + cos x
Solution 32:
1
Let I =  dx
1 + cos x
1
= dx
cos x
1+
sin x
sin x
= dx
sin x + cos x
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
1 2 sin x
= 
2 sin x + cos x
dx
1 ( sin x + cos x ) + ( sin x − cos x )

2
= dx
( sin x + cos x )
1 1 sin x − cos x
=  1dx +  dx
2 2 sin x + cos x
1 1 sin x − cos x
= ( x) +  dx
2 2 sin x + cos x
Let sin x + cos x = t ⇒ (cos x − sin x) dx = dt
x 1 − ( dt )
I = + 
2 2 t
x 1 x 1
= − log t + C = − log sin x + cos x + C
2 2 2 2
Question 33:
1
1 − tan x
Solution 33:
1
Put, I =  dx
1 − tan x
1 cos x
= dx =  dx
sin x cos x − sin x
1−
cos x
1 2 cos x 1 ( cos x − sin x ) + ( cos x + sin x )
=  dx =  dx
2 cos x − sin x 2 ( cos x − sin x )
1 1 cos x + sin x x 1 cos x + sin x
=
2  1dx + 
2 cos x − sin x
dx = + 
2 2 cos x − sin x
dx
Put cos x − sin x = t ⇒ (−sin x − cos x) dx = dt

x 1 − ( dt ) x 1
2 2 t
I = + = − log t + C
2 2
x 1
= − log cos x − sin x + C
2 2
Question 34:
tan x
sin x cos x
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
Solution 34:
tan x tan x  cos x
Let I =  dx =  dx
sin x cos x sin x cos x  cos x
tan x sec 2 xdx
= dx = 
tan x cos 2 x tan x
Let tanx=1  sec xdx = dt
2
dt
I = 
t
= 2 t +C
= 2 tan x + C
Question 35:
(1 + log x )
2
x
Solution 35:
Put, 1 + log x = t
1
 dx = dt
x
(1 + log x )
2
 dx =  t 2 dt
x
t3
= +C
3
(1 + log x )
3
= +C
3
Question 36:
( x + 1)( x + log x )
2
x
Solution 36:
( x + 1)( x + log x )
2
 x +1   1
=  ( x + log ) = 1 +  ( x + log x )
2 2
x  x   x
Put, ( x + log x ) = t
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
 1
 1 +  dx = dt
 x
 1
  1 +  ( x + log x ) dx =  t 2 dt
2
 x
t3
= +C
3
1
= ( x + log x ) + C
3
Question 37:
x 3 sin ( tan −1 x 4 )
1 + x8
Solution 37:
Put, x4 = t
4x3 dx = dt
x3 sin ( tan −1 x 4 ) 1 sin ( tan t )
−1
 dx =  dt ... (1)
1 + x8 4 1+ t2
Let tan −1 t = u
1
 dt = du
1+ t2
From (1), we get
x 3 sin ( tan −1 x 4 ) dx 1
 1+ x 8
=
4
sin udu
1
= ( − cos u ) + C
4
= − cos ( tan −1 t ) + C
1
4
−1
= cos ( tan −1 x 4 ) + C
4
Question 38:
10 x9 + 10 x log e 10
 x10 + 10 x dx equals
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
(A) 10 x − x10 + C ( B ) 10 x + x10 + C

(10 − x10 ) + C log (10 x + x10 ) + C
−1
(C ) x
( D)
Solution 38:
Put, x10 + 10 x = t
 (10 x 9 + 10 x log e 10 ) dx = 
dt
t
10 x9 + 10 x log e 10 dt
 dx = 
x + 10 x
10
t
= log t + C
= log (10 x + x10 ) + C
Thus, the correct answer is D.
Question 39:
dx
 sin 2
x cos 2 x
equals
( A ) tan x + cot x + C ( B ) tan x − cot x + C

( C ) tan x cot x + C ( D ) tan x − cot 2 x + C
Solution 39:
dx 1
Put, I =  2 2
= dx
sin x cos x sin x cos 2 x
2
sin 2 x + cos 2 x
= dx
sin 2 x cos 2 x
sin 2 x cos2 x
= dx +  sin 2 x cos2 xdx
sin 2 x cos2 x
=  sec2 xdx +  cos ec 2 dx
= tan x − cot x + C
Thus, the correct answer is B.
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE- 7.3
Question 1:
Sin2(2x + 5)
Solution 1:
1 − cos 2 ( 2 x + 5) 1 − cos ( 4 x + 10 )
sin 2 ( 2 x + 5) = =
2 2
1 − cos ( 4 x + 10 )
  sin 2 ( 2 x + 5) dx =  dx
2
1 1
=  1dx −  cos ( 4 x + 10 ) dx
2 2
1 1  sin ( 4 x + 10 ) 
= x−  +C`
2 2 4 
1 1
= x − sin ( 4 x + 10 ) + c
2 8
Question 2:
sin3x.cos4x
Solution 2:
Using, sin A cos B =
1
2
sin ( A + B ) + sin ( A − B )
  sin 3 x cos 4 xdx =  sin ( 3 x + 4 x ) + sin ( 3 x − 4 x ) dx
1
2
=  sin 7 x + sin ( − x ) dx
1
2
1
=  sin 7 x + sin x dx
2
1 1
=  sin 7 xdx −  sin xdx
2 2
1  − cos 7 x  1
=   − ( − cos x ) + C
2 7  2
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
− cos 7 x cos x
= + +C
14 2
Question 3:
cos 2x cos 4x cos 6x
Solution 3:
Using, cos A cos B =
1
2
cos ( A + B ) + cos( A − B
1 
  cos 2 x ( cos 4 x cos 6 x ) dx =  cos 2 x  cos ( 4 x + 6 x ) + cos ( 4 x − 6 x ) dx
2 
=  cos 2 x cos10 x + cos 2 x cos ( −2 x ) dx
1
2
=  cos 2 x cos10 x + cos 2 2 x dx

1
2
1  1   1 + cos 4 x  
=    cos ( 2 x + 10 x ) + cos ( 2 x − 10 x )  +    dx
2  2   2 
1
( cos12 x + cos 8 x + 1 + cos 4 x ) dx
4
=
1  sin12 x sin 8 x sin 4 x 

=  + + x+ + C
4  12 8 4 
Question 4:
sin3 ( 2 x + 1)
Solution 4:
Put I =  sin 3 ( 2 x + 1)
  sin 3 ( 2 x + 1)dx =  sin 2 ( 2 x + 1) .sin ( 2 x + 1) dx
=  (1 − cos 2 ( 2 x + 1) ) sin ( 2 x + 1) dx
Let cos ( 2x + 1) = t
 −2sin ( 2x + 1) dx = dt
− dt
 sin ( 2 x + 1) dx =
2
−1
I=
2 
(1 − t 2 ) dt
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
−1  t 3 
= t − 
2  3
−1  cos3 ( 2 x + 1) 
= cos ( 2 x + 1) − 
2  3 
− cos ( 2 x + 1) cos3 ( 2 x + 1)
= + +C
2 6
Question 5:
sin 3 x cos3 x
Solution 5:
Let I =  sin 3 x cos3 x.dx
=  cos3 x.sin 2 x.sin x.dx

=  cos3 x (1 − cos2 x ) sin x.dx
Let cosx = t
 -sinx.dx = dt
 I = − t 3 (1 − t 2 ) dt
t 4 t6 
= − ( t 3 − t 5 ) dt = − − +C
4 6
 cos 4 x cos6 x  cos6 x cos 4 x
= − − +C = − +C
 4 6  6 4
Question 6:
sin x sin 2 x sin 3 x
Solution 6:
Using, sin A sin B =
1
2
cos ( A − B ) − cos ( A + B )
 
  sin x sin 2 x sin 3xdx =  sin x. cos ( 2 x − 3 x ) − cos ( 2 x + 3 x ) dx
1
 2 
=  ( sin x cos ( − x ) − sin x cos 5 x ) dx
1
2
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
1
( sin cos x − sin x cos 5 x ) dx
2
=
1 sin 2 x 1
=  dx −  sin x cos 5 xdx
2 2 2
1  − cos 2 x  1  1 
=   −   sin ( x + 5) + sin ( x − 5 x )  dx
4  2  2 2 
− cos 2 x 1
= −  ( sin 6 x + sin ( −4 x ) ) dx
8 4
− cos 2 x 1  − cos 6 x cos 4 x 
= −  + +C
8 4 3 4 
− cos 2 x 1  − cos 6 x cos 4 x 
= −  + +C
8 8 3 4 
1  cos 6 x cos 4 x 
=  − − cos 2 x  + C
8 3 4 
Question 7:
sin 4 x sin 8 x
Solution 7:
1
Using, sin A sin B = cos ( A − B ) − cos ( A + B )
2
1 
  sin 4 x sin 8 xdx =   cos ( 4 x − 8 x ) − cos ( 4 x + 8 x )  dx
2 
=  ( cos ( −4 x ) − cos12 x ) dx
1
2
1
=  ( cos 4 x − cos12 x ) dx
2
1  sin 4 x sin12 x 
=  −
2 4 12 
Question 8:
1 − cos x
1 + cos x
Solution 8:
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
x
2sin 2
1 − cos x 2  2 x 2 x 
=  2sin = 1 − cos x and 2cos =1+cosx 
1 + cos x 2cos 2 x 2 2 
2
x
= tan 2
2
 x 
=  sec2 − 1
 2 
1 − cos x  x 
 dx =   sec2 − 1dx
1 + cos x  2 
 x 
 tan 2 
= − x + C
1
 
 2 
x
= 2 tan − x + C
2
Question 9:
cos x
1 + cos x
Solution 9:
x x
cos 2 − sin 2
cos x 2 2  2 x 2 x 2 x 
= cos x = cos 2 − sin 2 and cos x = 2cos 2 − 1
1 + cos x 2cos 2
x
2
1 x
= 1 − tan 2 
2 2
cos x 1  x
 dx =  1 − tan 2 dx
1 + cos x 2  2
1  x 
=  1 − sec2 + 1 dx
2  2 
1  2 x
= 
2 
 2 − sec dx
2
 x
 tan 
1 2 +C
= 2 x − 
2 1

 2 
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
x
= x − tan +C
2
Question 10:
sin 4 x
Solution 10:
sin 4 x = sin 2 x sin 2 x
 1 − cos 2 x  1 − cos 2 x 
=  
 2  2 
1
= (1 − cos 2 x )
2
4
1
= 1 + cos 2 2 x − 2 cos 2 x 
4
1   1 + cos 4 x  
= 1+   − 2 cos 2 x 
4  2  
1 1 1 
= 1 + + cos 4 x − 2 cos 2 x 
4 2 2 
1 3 1 
=  + cos 4 x − 2 cos 2 x 
4 2 2 
1 3 1 
  sin 4 xdx =   + cos 4 x − 2 cos 2 x  dx
4 2 2 
1 3 1  sin 4 x  2sin 2 x 
=  x+  − +C
4 2 2 4  2 
1 sin 4 x 
= 3 x + − 2sin 2 x  + C
8 4 
3x 1 1
= − sin 2 x + sin 4 x + C
8 4 32
Question 11:
cos4 2x
Solution 11:
cos 4 2 x = ( cos 2 2 x )
2
 1 + cos 4 x 
2
= 
 2 
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
1
= 1 + cos 2 4 x + 2 cos 4 x 
4
1   1 + cos8 x  
= 1+   + 2 cos 4 x 
4  2  
1  1 cos8 x 
= 1+ + + 2 cos 4 x 
4 2 2 
1  3 cos8 x 
=  + + 2cos 4 x 
4 2 2 
 3 cos8 x cos 4 x 
  cos 4 2 xdx =   + + dx
8 8 2 
3 sin 8 x sin 4 x
= x+ + +C
8 64 8
Question 12:
sin 2 x
1 + cos x
Solution 12:
2
 x x
 2sin cos 
 
2
=
sin x 2 2 x x 2 x
1 + cos x x sin x = 2sin 2 cos 2 ;cos x = 2cos 2 − 1

2cos 2
2
x x
4sin 2 cos 2
= 2 2
x
2 cos 2
2
x
= 2sin 2
2
= 1 − cos x
sin 2 x
 dx =  (1 − cos x ) dx
1 + cos x
= x − sin x + C
Question 13:
cos 2 x − cos 2
cos x − cos 
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
Solution 13:
2 x + 2 2 x − 2a
−2sin sin
cos 2 x − cos 2 2 2  C+D C − D
= cos C − cos D = −2sin 2 sin 2 
cos x − cos  x + x −  
−2sin sin
2 2
sin ( x +  ) sin ( x −  )
=
 x +   x − 
sin   sin  
 2   2 
  x +   x +     x −   x −  
 2sin  2  cos  2    2sin  2  cos  2  
        
=
 x +   x − 
 2   2 
 x +   x − 
= 4 cos   cos  
 2   2 
  x + x −  x + x − 
= 2 cos  +  + cos −
  2 2  2 2 
= 2 cos ( x ) + cos  
= 2 cos x + 2 cos 
cos 2 x − cos 2
 dx =  2 cos x + 2 cos 
cos x − cos 
= 2sin x + x cos   + C
Question 14:
cos x − sin x
1 + sin 2 x
Solution 14:
cos x − sin x cos x − sin x
=
1 + sin 2 x (sin x + cos2 x ) + 2sin x cos x
2
sin 2 x + cos2 x = 1;sin 2 x = 2sin x cos x 

cos x − sin x
=
( sin x cos x )
2
Let sin x + cos x = t

 ( cos x − sin x ) dx = dt
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
cos x − sin x cos x − sin x

 dx =  dx
1 + sin 2 x ( sin x + cos x )
2
dt
=
t2
=  t −2 dt
= −t −1 + C
1
= − +C
t
−1
= +C
sin x + cos x
Question 15:
tan3 2 x sec 2 x
Solution 15:
tan3 2x sec 2 x = tan 2 2 x tan 2 x sec 2 x
= ( sec 2 2 x − 1) tan 2 x sec 2 x
= sec 2 2 x.tan 2 x sec 2 x − tan 2 x sec 2 x
  tan 3 2 x sec 2 x dx =  sec2 2 x.tan 2 x sec 2 x dx −  tan 2 x sec 2 xdx
sec 2 x
=  sec2 2 x.tan 2 x sec 2 x dx − +C
2
Let sec 2 x = t
 2sec 2 x tan 2 xdx = dt
1 sec 2 x
  tan 3 2 x sec 2 xdx =  t 2 dt − +C
2 2
t 3 sec 2 x
= − +C
6 2
( sec 2 x )
3
sec 2 x
= − +C
6 2
Question 16:
tan 4 x
Solution 16:
tan 4 x
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
= tan 2 x.tan 2 x
= ( sec 2 x − 1) tan 2 x
= sec 2 x tan 2 x − tan 2 x

= sec 2 x tan 2 x − ( sec 2 x − 1)
= sec2 x tan 2 x − sec2 x + 1
  tan 4 xdx =  sec2 x tan 2 xdx −  sec2 xdx + 1.dx
=  sec2 x tan 2 xdx − tan x + x + C ... (1)
Consider  sec2 x tan 2 xdx

Let tan x = 1  sec2 xdx = dt
t 3 tan 3 x
  sec x tan xdx =  t dt = =
2 2 2
3 3
From equation (1), we get
1
 tan xdx = 3 tan x − tan x + x + C
4 3
Question 17:
sin 3 x + cos3 x
sin 2 x cos 2 x
Solution 17:
sin 3 x + cos3 x sin 3 x cos3 x
= +
sin 2 x cos 2 x sin 2 x cos 2 x sin 2 x cos 2 x
sin x cos x
= +
cos x sin 2 x
2
= tan x sec x + cot x cos ecx

sin 3 x + cos3 x
 dx =  ( tan x sec x + cot x cos ecx ) dx
sin 2 x cos 2 x
= sec x − cos ecx + C
Question 18:
cos 2 x + 2sin 2 x
cos2 x
Solution 18:
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
cos 2 x + 2sin 2 x
cos2 x
cos 2 x + (1 − cos 2 x )
= cos 2 x = 1 − 2sin x 
2
cos2 x
1
= 2
= sec2 x
cos x
cos 2 x + 2sin 2 x
 2
dx =  sec2 xdx = tan x + C
cos x
Question 19:
1
sin x cos 3 x
Solution 19:
1 sin 2 x + cos 2 x
=
sin x cos3 x sin x cos3 x
sin x 1
= 3
+
cos x sin x cos x
1cos2 x
= tan x sec2 x +
sin x cos x
cos2 x
sec2 x
= tan x sec2 x +
tan x
1 sec2 x
 dx =  tan x sec 2
xdx +  tan x dx
sin x cos3 x
Let tan x = 1  sec2 xdx = dt
1 1
 3
dx =  tdt +  dt
sin x cos x t
2
t
= + log t + C
2
1
= tan 2 x + log tan x + C
2
Question 20:
cos 2 x
( cos x + sin x )
2
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
Solution 20:
cos 2 x cos 2 x cos 2 x
= =
( cos x + sin x ) cos x + sin x + 2sin x cos x 1 + sin 2 x
2 2 2
cos 2 x cos 2 x
 dx =  dx
( cos x + sin x )
2
(1 + sin 2 x )
Let 1 + sin 2 x = t
 2cos 2 xdx = dt
cos 2 x 1 1
 dx =  dt
( cos x + sin x )
2
2 t
1
= log t + C
2
1
= log 1 + sin 2 x + C
2
1
= log ( sin x + cos x ) + C
2
2
= log sin x + cos x + C
Question 21:
sin −1 ( cos x )
Solution 21:
sin −1 ( cos x )
Let cos x = t
Then, sin x = 1 − t 2
 ( − sin x ) dx = dt
− dt
dx =
sin x
−dt
dx =
1− t2
 −dt 
  sin −1 ( cos x ) dx =  sin −1 t  
 1− t 
2
sin −1 t
= −
1− t2
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
Let sin −1 t = u
1
 dt = du
1− t2
  sin −1 ( cos x ) dx =  4du
u2
=− +C
2
− ( sin1 t )
2
= +C
2
− sin −1 ( cos x ) 
2
= +C ... (1)
2
We know that,

sin -1 x + cos −1 x =
2
  
 sin -1 ( cos x ) =
− cos −1 ( cos x ) =  − x 
2 2 
Substituting in equation (1), we get
 
−  − x
2 
 sin ( cos x ) dx = 2 + C
-1
12 
= −  + x2 −  x  + C
2 2 
2 x2 1
=− − + x+C
8 2 2
x x2  2 
= − + C − 
2 2  8 
x x2
= − + C1
2 2
Question 22:
1
cos ( x − a ) cos ( x − b )
Solution 22:
Top tutor.
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1 1  sin ( a − b ) 
=  
cos ( x − a ) cos ( x − b ) sin ( a − b )  cos ( x − a ) cos ( x − b ) 
1  sin ( x − b ) − ( x − a )  
=  
sin ( a − b )  cos ( x − a ) cos ( x − b ) 
1 sin ( x − b ) cos ( x − a ) − cos ( x − b ) sin ( x − a ) 

=
sin ( a − b ) cos ( x − a ) cos ( x − b )
1
=  tan ( x − b ) − tan ( x − a ) 
sin ( a − b ) 
1 1
  tan ( x − b ) − tan ( x − a )  dx
sin ( a − b )  
dx =
cos ( x − a ) cos ( x − b )
1
=  − log cos ( x − b ) + log cos ( x − a ) 
sin ( a − b ) 
1  cos ( x − a ) 
= log +C
sin ( a − b )  cos ( x − b ) 
Question 23:
sin 2 x − cos 2 x
 sin 2 x cos2 x dx is equal to
(A)tan x + cot x + C (B) tan x + cosec x + C
(C) -tan x + cot x + C (D) tan x + sec x + C
Solution 23:
sin 2 x − cos2 x  sin 2 x cos2 x 
 sin 2 x cos2 x dx =   sin 2 x cos2 x sin 2 x cos2 x dx
−
=  ( sec2 x − cos ec 2 x ) dx
= tan x + cot x + C
Question 24:
e x (1 + x )
 cos ( e x )dx equals
2 x
(A) – cot (exx) + C (B) tan (xex) + C

(C) tan (ex) + C (D) cot (ex) + C
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
Solution 24:
e x (1 + x )
 cos ( e x )dx
2 x
Put, exx = t
 ( e x .x + e x .1) dx = dt
e x ( x + 1) dx = dt
e x (1 + x ) dt
 dx = 
cos ( e x )
2 x
cos 2 t
=  sec2 tdt
= tan t + C
= tan ( e x .x ) + C
EXERCISE- 7.4
Question 1:
3x 2
x6 + 1
Solution 1:
Put, x3 = t
3x2 dx = dt
3x 2 dt
  6 dx =  2
x +1 t +1
= tan −1 t + C
= tan −1 t ( x 3 ) + C
Question 2:
1
1 + 4x 2
Solution 2:
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
Put, 2x = t
2dx = dt
1 1 dt
 dx = 
1+ 4x 2 2 1+ t2
1  
log t + t 2 + 1  + C
1
=

   2 dt = log x + x 2 + a 2 
2  x +a 
2
1
= log 2 x + 4 x 2 + 1 + C
2
Question 3:
1
(2 − x) +1
2
Solution 3:
Put, 2 − x = t
⇒ −dx = dt
1 1
 dx = −  dt
(2 − x) +1 t +1
2 2
 1 
= − log t + t 2 + 1 + C  2 dt = log x + x 2 + a 2 
 x +a 
2
= − log 2 − x + (2 − x) +1 + C
2
1
= log +C
( 2 − x ) + x2 − 4x + 5
Question 4:
1
9 − 25x 2
Solution 4:
Put, 5x = t
5dx = dt
1 1 1
 dx =  dt
9 − 25 x 2 5 9 − t2
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
1 1
= 
5 3 − t2
2
dt
1 t
= sin −1   + C
5  3
1  5x 
= sin −1   + C
5  3 
Question 5:
3x
1 + 2x4
Solution 5:
Let 2 x2 = t
 2 2 xdx = dt
3x 3 dt
 dx = 
1+ 2x 4
2 2 1+ t
2
3
=  tan −1 t  + C
2 2
=
3
2 2
(
tan −1 2 x 2 + C)
Question 6:
x2
1 − x6
Solution 6:
Put, x3 = t
3x2 dx = dt
x2 1 dt
 dx = 
1− x 6
3 1− t2
1 1 1+ t 
=  log +C
3 2 1− t 
1 1 + x3
= log +C
6 1 − x3
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
Question 7:
x −1
x2 −1
Solution 7:
x −1 x 1
 dx =  dx −  dx ... (1)
x2 −1 x2 −1 x2 −1
x
For  x −1
2
dx, let x 2 − 1 = t  2 xdx = dt
x 1 dt
 dx = 
x2 −1 2 t
1 − 12
=  t dt
2
1 1
=  2t 2 
2 
= t
= x2 −1
From (1), we get
x −1 x 1  x 
 x2 −1
dx = 
x2 −1
dx − 
x2 −1
dx  2
 x −a
2
dt = log x + x 2 − a 2 

= x 2 − 1 − log x + x 2 − 1 + C
Question 8:
x2
x6 + a6
Solution 8:
Put, x3 = t
⇒ 3x2 dx = dt
x2 1 dt
 dx = 
x +a ( )
3 t 2 + a3 2
6 6
1
= log t + t 6 + a 6 + C
3
1
= log x 3 + x 6 + a 6 + C
3
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
Question 9:
sec 2 x
tan 2 x + 4
Solution 9:
Put, tan x = t
∴ sec2 x dx = dt
sec 2 x dt
 dx = 
tan 2 x + 4 t 2 + 22
= log t + t 2 + 4 + C
= log tan x + tan 2 x + 4 + C
Question 10:
1
x + 2x + 2
2
Solution 10:
1 1
 dx =  dx
x + 2x + 2 ( x + 1) + (1)
2 2 2
Let x+1=t
 dx=dt
1 1
 dx =  dt
x + 2x + 2
2
t +1
2
= log t + t 2 + 1 + C
= log ( x + 1) + ( x + 1) +1 + C
2
= log ( x + 1) + x 2 + 2 x + 2 + C
Question 11:
1
9x + 6x + 5
2
Solution 11:
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
1 1
 9x + 6x + 5
2
dx = 
( 3x + 1) + ( 2)
2 2
dx
Let ( 3x + 1) = t
 3dx = dt
1 1 1
 dx =  dt
( 3x + 1) + ( 2) 3 t + 22
2 2 2
1 1  t 
=  tan −1    + C
3 2  2 
1  3x + 1 
= tan −1  +C
6  2 
Question 12:
1
7 − 6x − x 2
Solution 12:
7 − 6x − x3 can be written as 7 − x 2 + 6 x + 9 − 9 ( )
Thus,
7 − ( x2 + 6 x + 9 − 9)
= 16 − ( x 2 + 6 x + 9 )
= 16 − ( x + 3)
2
= ( 4 ) − ( x + 3)
2 2
1 1
 dx =  dx
7 − 6 x − x2 ( 4 ) − ( x + 3)
2 2
Let x + 3 = 1
 dx = dt
1 1
 dx =  dt
( 4 ) − ( x + 3) ( 4) − (t )
2 2 2 2
t
= sin −1   + C
4
 x+3
= sin −1  +C
 4 
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
Question 13:
1
( x − 1)( x − 2 )
Solution 13:
(x – 1) (x – 2) can be written as x2 − 3x + 2 .
Thus,
x 2 − 3x + 2
9 9
= x 2 − 3x + − + 2
4 4
2
 3 1
=x−  −
 2 4
2 2
 3 1
=  x −  − 
 2 2
1 1
 dx =  dx
( x − 1)( x − 2 ) 
2
3 1
2
 x −  − 
 2 2
3
Let x − = t
2
 dx = dt
1 1
 dx =  dt
2 2 2
 3 1 1
 x −  −  t2 −  
 2 2 2
2
1
= log t + t 2 −   + C
2
 3
= log  x −  + x 2 − 3 x + 2 + C
 2
Question 14:
1
8 + 3x − x 2
Solution 14:
 9 9
8 + 3x − x2 = 8 −  x 2 − 3x + − 
 4 4
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
Thus,
 9 9
8 −  x 2 − 3x + − 
 4 4
2
41  3
= − x − 
4  2
1 1
 dx =  dx
8 + 3x − x 2
41  3
2
− x − 
4  2
3
Let x − =t
2
 dx = dt
1 1
 dx =  dt
2 2
41  3  41 
− x −    −t
2
4  2  
4
 
 t 
= sin −1  +C
 41 
 
 2 
 3
 x− 
= sin −1  2 +C
 41 
 
 2 
 2x − 3 
= sin −1  +C
 41 
Question 15:
1
( x − a )( x − b )
Solution 15:
( x − a )( x − b) = x2 − ( a + b ) x + ab .
Thus,
x2 − ( a + b ) x + ab
(a + b) (a + b)
2 2
= x − (a + b)
2
x+ − + ab
4 4
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
  a + b  ( a − b )
2 2
= x −   −
  2  4
1 1
 dx =  dx
( x − a )( x − b ) 2
  a + b   a + b 
2
x −   −  
  2   2 
 a+b
Let x −  =t
 2 
 dx = dt
1 1
 dx =  dt
+
2 2
  a + b   a + b   
2
a b
x −   −   t2 −  
  2   2   2 
 a+b
2
= log t + t 2 −   +C
 2 
  a + b 
= log  x −   + ( x − a )( x − b ) +C
  2 
Question 16:
4x +1
2 x2 + x − 3
Solution 16:
Let 4 x + 1 = A
d
dx
( 2 x 2 + x − 3) + B
 4 x + 1 = A ( 4 x + 1) + B
 4 x + 1 = 4 Ax + A + B
Equating the coefficients of x and constant term on both sides, we get
4A = 4 ⇒ A = 1
A+B=1⇒B=0
Let 2x2 + x − 3 = t
∴ (4x + 1) dx = dt
4x +1 1
 dx =  dt
2 x2 + x − 3 t
= 2 t +C
= 2 2x2 + x − 3 + C
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
Question 17:
x+2
x2 −1
Solution 17:
Put, x + 2 = A
d 2
dx
( x − 1) + B ... (1)
 x + 2 = A ( 2x ) + B
1
2A =1 A =
2
B=2
From (1), we get
1
( x + 2) = ( 2x ) + 2
2
1
x+2 ( 2x ) + 2
Then,  dx =  2 dx
x2 − 1 x2 − 1
1 2x 2
=  dx +  dx ... ( 2 )
2 x2 −1 x2 −1
1 2x
In
2  x −1
2
dx let x 2 − 1 = t  2 xdx = dt
1 2x 1 dt
2  x −1
2
dx = 
2 t
1
=  2 t 
2
= t
= x2 −1
2 1
Then, 
x −12
dx = 2
x −1 2
dx = 2 log x + x 2 − 1

x+2
 x2 − 1dx = x − 1 + 2log x + x − 1 + C
2 2
Question 18:
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
5x − 2
1 + 2 x + 3x2
Solution 18:
Let 5 x − 2 = A
d
dx
(1 + 2 x + 3x 2 ) + B
 5x − 2 = A ( 2 + 6 x ) + B
Equating the coefficient of x and constant term on both sides, we get
5
5 = 6A  A =
6
11
2 A + B = −2  B = −
3
5  11 
5x − 2 = ( 2 + 6 x ) +  − 
6  3
5 11
5x − 2 ( 2 + 6x) −
 dx =  6 3 dx
1 + 2 x + 3x 2
1 + 2 x + 3x 2
5 2 + 6x 11 1
=  dx −  dx
6 1 + 2 x + 3x 2
3 1 + 2 x + 3x 2
2 + 6x 1
Let I1 =  dx and I 2 =  dx
1 + 2 x + 3x 2
1 + 2 x + 3x 2
5x − 2 5 11
 dx = I1 − I 2 ... (1)
1 + 2 x + 3x 2
6 3
2 + 6x
I1 =  dx
1 + 2 x + 3x 2
Put, 1 + 2 x + 3x2 = t
 ( 2 + 6x ) dx = dt
dt
 I1 = 
t
I1 = log t
I1 = log 1 + 2 x + 3 x 2 ... ( 2 )
1
I2 =  dx
1 + 2 x + 3x 2
 2 
1 + 2 x + 3x 2 can be written as 1+3  x 2 + x 
 3 
Thus,
 2 
1+3  x 2 + x 
 3 
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
 2 1 1
= 1 + 3  x2 + x + − 
 3 9 9
2
 1 1
= 1+ 3 x +  −
 3 3
2
2  1
= + 3 x + 
3  3
 1  2
2
= 3  x +  + 
 3  9 
 1  2  
2 2
= 3  x +  +   
 3   3  
 
1 1
I2 =  dx
3  2
 
2

 x +  + 
1 2
 
 3  3  

  1 
  x + 
1 1
=  tan −1  3 
3 2  2 
 3  
 3  
1 3  3x + 1  
=  tan −1  
3 2  2 
1  3x + 1 
= tan −1   ... ( 3)
2  2 
Substituting equations (2) and (3) in equation (1), we get
5x − 2 5 11  1 −1  3 x + 1  
 1 + 2 x + 3x 2 =  + +  −  + C
2
dx
6
log 1 2 x 3 x  3  tan 
 2  2 
5 11  3x + 1 
= log 1 + 2 x + 3 x 2 − tan −1  +C
6 3 2  2 
Question 19:
6x + 7
( x − 5)( x − 4 )
Solution 19:
6x + 7 6x + 7
=
( x − 5)( x − 4) x − 9 x + 20
2
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
Put, 6 x + 7 = A
d 2
dx
( x − 9 x + 20 ) + B
 6 x + 7 = A ( 2 x − 9) + B
Equating the coefficients of x and constant term, we get
2A = 6 ⇒ A = 3
−9A + B = 7 ⇒ B = 34
∴ 6x + 7 = 3 (2x − 9) + 34
6x + 7 3 ( 2 x − 9 ) + 34
 x 2 − 9 x + 20 =  x 2 − 9 x + 20 dx
2x − 9 1
= 3 dx + 34 dx
x 2 − 9 x + 20 x 2 − 9 x + 20
2x − 9 1
x 2 − 9 x + 20 x 2 − 9 x + 20
6x + 7
 = 3I1 + 34 I 2 (1)
x 2 − 9 x + 20
Then,
2x − 9
I1 =  dx
x 2 − 9 x + 20
Let x 2 − 9 x + 20 = t
 ( 2 x − 9 ) dx = dt
dt
 I1 =
t
I1 = 2 t
I1 = 2 x 2 − 9 x + 20 ... ( 2 )
1
and I 2 =  dx
x − 9 x + 20
2
81 81
x 2 − 9 x + 20 = x 2 − 9 x + 20 + − .
4 4
Thus,
81 81
x 2 − 9 x + 20 + −
4 4
2
 9 1
=x−  −
 2 4
2 2
 9 1
=  x −  − 
 2 2
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
1
 I2 =  2 2
dx
 9 1
 x −  − 
 2 2
 9
I 2 = log  x −  + x 2 − 9 x + 20 ... ( 3)
 2
Substituting equations (2) and (3) in (1), we get
6x + 7  9 
 dx = 3  2 x 2 − 9 x + 20  + 34 log  x −  + x 2 − 9 x + 20  +C
x 2 − 9 x + 20    2 
 9 
= 6 x 2 − 9 x + 20 + 34 log  x −  + x 2 − 9 x + 20  + C
 2 
Question 20:
x+2
4 x − x2
Solution 20:
Consider, x + 2 = A
d
dx
( 4x − x2 ) + B
 x + 2 = A ( 4 − 2x ) + B
1
−2 A = 1  A = −
2
4A + B = 2  B = 4
1
 ( x + 2) = − ( 4 − 2x ) + 4
2
1
− ( 4 − 2x ) + 4
x+2
 dx =  2 dx
4x − x 2
4 x − x2
1 4 − 2x 1
=−  dx + 4 dx
2 4 x − x2 4x − x2
4 − 2x 1
Let I1 =  dx and I 2  dx
4x − x 2
4x − x2
x+2 1
 dx = − I1 and + 4 I 2 ... (1)
4x − x 2 2
4 − 2x
Then, I1 =  dx
4x − x2
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
Let 4 x − x 2 = t
 ( 4 − 2 x ) dx = dt
dt
 I1 =  = 2 t = 2 4x − x2 ... ( 2 )
t
1
I2 =  dx
4 x − x2
 4 x − x 2 = − ( −4 x + x 2 )
= ( −4 x + x 2 + 4 − 4 )
= 4 − ( x − 2)
2
= ( 2) − ( x − 2)
2 2
1  x−2
 I2 =  dx = sin −1   ... ( 3)
( 2) − ( x − 2)  2 
2 2
Using equations (2) and (3) in (1), we get

x+2 1
( )
−1  x − 2 
 4 x − x2 dx = − 2 2 4 x − x + 4sin  2  + C
2
 x−2
= − 4 x − x 2 + 4sin −1  +C
 2 
Question 21:
x+2
x + 2x + 3
2
Solution 21:
x+2 1 2 ( x + 2)
 x2 + 2x + 3
dx =
2  x2 + 2x + 3
dx
1 2x + 4
=  dx
2 x2 + 2x + 3
1 2x + 2 1 2
=  dx +  dx
2 x2 + 2 x + 3 2 x2 + 2 x + 3
1 2x + 2 1
=  dx +  dx
2 x2 + 2 x + 3 x2 + 2x + 3
2x + 2 1
x2 + 2 x + 3 x2 + 2 x + 3
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
x+2 1
 dx = I1 + I 2 ... (1)
x + 2x + 3
2 2
2x + 2
Then, I1 =  dx
x2 + 2 x + 3
Put, x2 + 2x +3 = t
⇒ (2x + 2) dx =dt
dt
I1 =  = 2 t = 2 x2 + 2x + 3 ... ( 2 )
t
1
I2 =  dx
x + 2x + 3
2
 x2 + 2 x + 3 = x 2 + 2 x + 1 + 2 = ( x + 1) + ( 2)
2 2
1
 I2 =  dx = log ( x + 1) + x 2 + 2 x + 3 ... ( 3)
( x + 1) ( 2)
2
+
2

x+2 1
 x2 + 2 x + 3 dx = 2 2 x + 2 x + 3  + log ( x + 1) + x + 2 x + 3 + C
2 2
= x 2 + 2 x + 3 + log ( x + 1) + x 2 + 2 x + 3 + C
Question 22:
x+3
x − 2x − 5
2
Solution 22:
Let ( x + 3) = A
d 2
dx
( x − 2 x − 5) + B
( x + 3) = A( 2x − 2) + B
1
2A = 1 A =
2
−2 A + B = 3  B = 4
1
 ( x + 3) = ( 2 x − 2 ) + 4
2
1
x+3 ( 2x − 2) + 4
 2 dx =  2 2 dx
x − 2x − 5 x − 2x − 5
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
1 2x − 2 1
= 
2 x − 2x − 5
2
dx + 4  2
x − 2x − 5
dx
2x − 2 1
Let I1 =  2 dx and I 2 =  2 dx
x − 2x − 5 x − 2x − 5
x+3 1
 2 dx = I1 + 4 I 2 ... (1)
x − 2x − 5 2
2x − 2
Then, I1 =  2 dx
x − 2x − 5
Put, x2 − 2 x − 5 = t
 ( 2x − 2) dx = dt
dt
 I1 =  = log t = log x 2 − 2 x − 5 ... ( 2 )
t
1
I2 =  2 dx
x − 2x − 5
1
= 2 dx
(
x − 2x +1 − 6 )
1
= dx
( x − 1) + ( )
2 2
6
1  x −1 − 6 
= log   ... ( 3)
2 6  x −1 + 6 
Substituting (2) and (3) in (1), we get
x+3 1 4 x −1 − 6
x 2
− 2x − 5
dx = log x 2 − 2 x − 5 +
2 2 6
log
x −1 + 6
+C
1 2 x −1 − 6
= log x 2 − 2 x − 5 + log +C
2 6 x −1 + 6
Question 23:
5x + 3
x 2 + 4 x + 10
Solution 23:
Let 5 x + 3 = A
d 2
dx
( x + 4 x + 10 ) + B
 5x + 3 = A ( 2 x + 4 ) + B
Top tutor.
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5
2A = 5  A =
2
4 A + B = 3  B = −7
5
5x + 3 = ( 2x + 4) − 7
2
5
5x + 3 ( 2x + 4) − 7
 dx =  2 dx
x 2 + 4 x + 10 x 2 + 4 x + 10
5 2x + 4 1
=  dx − 7  dx
2 x 2 + 4 x + 10 x 2 + 4 x + 10
2x + 4 1
x 2 + 4 x + 10 x 2 + 4 x + 10
5x + 3 5
 dx = I1 − 7 I 2 ….(1)
x 2 + 4 x + 10 2
2x + 4
Then, I1 =  dx
x 2 + 4 x + 10
Put, x2 + 4x + 10 = t
 ( 2 x + 4 ) dx = dt
dt
 I1 =  = 2 t = 2 x 2 + 4 x + 10 ... ( 2 )
t
1
I2 =  dx
x 2 + 4 x + 10
1
= dx
( x 2
+ 4 x + 4 ) + 6
1
= dx
( x + 2) ( )
2
+
2
6
= log ( x + 2 ) x 2 + 4 x + 10 ... ( 3)

5x + 3 5
 x2 + 4 x + 10 dx = 2 2 x + 4 x + 10  − 7 log ( x + 2) x + 4 x + 10 + C
2 2
= 5 x 2 + 4 x + 10 − 7 log ( x + 2 ) x 2 + 4 x + 10 + C
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
Question 24:
dx
x + 2x + 2
2
equals
(A) x tan-1 (x + 1) + C (B) tan-1 (x + 1) + C

(C) (x + 1) tan-1 x + C (D) tan-1x + C
Solution 24:
dx dx
x 2
+ 2x + 2
= 2
( x + 2x + 1) + 1
1
= dx
( x + 1) + (1)
2 2
=  tan −1 ( x + 1) + C
Hence, the correct answer is B.
Question 25:
dx
 9 x − 4 x2
equals
1  9x − 8  1 −1  8 x − 9 
(A) sin −1  +C (B) sin  +C
9  8  2  9 
1 −1  9 x − 8  1 −1  9 x − 8 
(C) sin  +C (D) sin  +C
3  8  2  9 
Solution 25:
dx
 9 x − 4 x2
1
= dx
 9 
−4  x 2 − x 
 4 
1
= dx
 9 81 81 
−4  x 2 − x + − 
 4 64 64 
1
= dx
 9 9 
2 2
−4   x −  −   
 8   8  
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
1 1
= 
2 9 2
9
2
dx
  − x − 
8  8
  9 
x −   
1  −1  dy y
= sin  8 +C  = sin −1 + C 
2 9    a2 − y2 a 
   
  8  
1  8x − 9 
= sin −1  +C
2  9 
Hence, the correct answer is B.
EXERCISE- 7.5
Question 1:
x
( x + 1)( x + 2 )
Solution 1:
x A B
Let = +
( x + 1)( x + 2 ) ( x + 1) ( x + 2 )
 x = A ( x + 2) + B ( x + 1)
A+B=1
2A + B = 0
On solving, we get
A = −1 and B = 2
x −1 2
 = +
( x + 1)( x + 2 ) ( x + 1) ( x + 2 )
x −1 2
 dx =  + dx
( x + 1)( x + 2 ) ( x + 1) ( x + 2 )
= − log x + 1 + 2 log x + 2 + C
= log ( x + 2 ) − log x + 1 + C
2
( x + 2)
2
= log +C
( x + 1)
Top tutor.
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Question 2:
1
x −9
2
Solution 2:
1 A B
Let = +
( x + 3)( x − 3) ( x + 3) ( x − 3)
1 = A ( x − 3) + B ( x + 3)
A+B=0
−3A + 3B = 1
On solving, we get
1 1
A = − and B =
6 6
1 −1 1
 = +
( x + 3)( x − 3) 6 ( x + 3) 6 ( x − 3)
1  −1 1 
 dx =   +
 6 ( x + 3) 6 ( x − 3) 
dx
( x − 9)
2
 
1 1 1 ( x − 3)
= − log x + 3 + log x − 3 + C = log +C
6 6 6 ( x + 3)
Question 3:
3x − 1
( x − 1)( x − 2 )( x − 3)
Solution 3:
3x − 1 A B C
Let = + +
( x − 1)( x − 2 )( x − 3) ( x − 1) ( x − 2 ) ( x − 3)
3x −1 = A( x − 2)( x − 3) + B ( x −1)( x − 3) + C ( x −1)( x − 2) ... (1)
Equating the coefficients of x2, x and constant term, we get
A+B+C=0
– 5A – 4B – 3C = 3
6A + 3B + 2C = – 1
Solving these equations, we get
A = 1, B = −5, and C = 4
Top tutor.
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3x − 1 1 5 4
 = − +
( x − 1)( x − 2 )( x − 3) ( x − 1) ( x − 2 ) ( x − 3)
3x − 1  1 5 4 
 dx =   − + dx
( x − 1)( x − 2 )( x − 3)  ( x − 1) ( x − 2 ) ( x − 3) 
= log x −1 − 5log x − 2 + 4log x − 3 + C
Question 4:
x
( x − 1)( x − 2 )( x − 3)
Solution 4:
x A B C
Let = + +
( x − 1)( x − 2 )( x − 3) ( x − 1) ( x − 2 ) ( x − 3)
x = A( x − 2)( x − 3) + B ( x −1)( x − 3) + C ( x −1)( x − 2) ... (1)
A+B+C=0
– 5A – 4B – 3C = 1
6A + 4B + 2C = 0
1 3
A = , B = 2 and C =
2 2
x 1 2 3
 = − +
( x − 1)( x − 2 )( x − 3) 2 ( x − 1) ( x − 2 ) 2 ( x − 3)
x  1 2 3 
 dx =   − +  dx
( x − 1)( x − 2 )( x − 3)  2 ( x − 1) ( x − 2 ) 2 ( x − 3) 
1 3
= log x − 1 − 2 log x − 2 + log x − 3 + C
2 2
Question 5:
2x
x + 3x + 2
2
Solution 5:
2x A B
Let = +
x + 3x + 2 ( x + 1) ( x + 2 )
2
Top tutor.
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2x = A ( x + 2) + B ( x + 1) ... (1)
A+B=2
2A + B = 0
A = −2 and B = 4
2x −2 4
 = +
( x + 1)( x + 2 ) ( x + 1) ( x + 2 )
2x  4 2 
 dx =   − dx
( x + 1)( x + 2 )  ( x + 2 ) ( x + 1) 
= 4log x + 2 − 2log x +1 + C
Question 6:
1 − x2
x (1 − 2 x )
Solution 6:
It can be seen that the given integrand is not a proper fraction.
Therefore, on dividing (1 – x2) by x(1 − 2x), we get
1 − x2 1 1 2− x 
= +  
x (1 + 2 x ) 2 2  x (1 − 2 x ) 
2− x A B
Let = +
x (1 − 2 x ) x (1 − 2 x )
 ( 2 − x ) = A (1 − 2x ) + Bx ...(1)
– 2A + B = – 1
And, A = 2
A = 2 and B = 3
2− x 2 3
 = +
x (1 − 2 x ) x 1 − 2 x
Substituting in equation (1), we get
1 − x2 1 1  2 3 
= +  + 
x (1 + 2 ) 2 2  x (1 − 2 x ) 
Top tutor.
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1 − x2  1 1  2 3  
 dx =   +  +  dx
x (1 + 2 )  2 2  x (1 − 2 x )  
x 3 x 3
= + log x + log 1 − 2 x + C = + log x − log 1 − 2 x + C
2 2 ( −2 ) 2 4
Question 7:
x
( x + 1) ( x −1)
2
Solution 7:
x Ax + B C
Let = 2 +
( x + 1) ( x −1) ( x + 1) ( x −1)
2
x = ( Ax + B )( x − 1) + C ( x 2 + 1)
x = Ax2 − Ax + Bx − B + Cx2 + C
Equating the coefficients of x2, x, and constant term, we get
A+C=0
−A + B = 1
−B + C = 0
On solving these equations, we get
1 1 1
A = − , B = , and C =
2 2 2
 1 1 1
 − x+ 
= 2
x 2 2
 2 + 2
(
x + 1 ( x − 1) ) x +1 ( x − 1)
x 1 x 1 1 1 1
 = −  2 dx +  2 dx +  dx
( x + 1) ( x −1) 2 x + 1 2 x + 1 2 x −1
2
1 2x 1 1
=− 
4 x +1
2
dx + tan −1 x + log x − 1 + C
2 2
Consider  2 dx, let ( x 2 + 1) = t  2 xdx = dt

2x
x +1
2x dt
  2 dx =  = log t = log x 2 + 1
x +1 t
x 1 1 1
 2 = − log x 2 + 1 + tan −1 x + log x − 1 + C
(
x + 1 ( x − 1) )
4 2 2
Top tutor.
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1 1 1
= log x − 1 − log x 2 + 1 + tan −1 x + C
2 4 2
Question 8:
x
( x − 1) ( x + 2)
2
Solution 8:
x A B C
Let = + +
( x −1) ( x + 2)
2
( x −1) ( x −1) ( x + 2)
2
x = A ( x − 1)( x + 2 ) + B ( x + 2 ) + C ( x − 1)
2
Substituting x = 1, we get
A+C=0
A + B – 2C = 1
−2A + 2B + C = 0
On solving, we get
2 −2
A = and C =
9 9
1
B=
3
x 2 1 2
 = + −
( x − 1) ( x + 2) 9 ( x −1) 3 ( x − 1) 9 ( x + 2)
2 2
x 2 1 1 1 2 1
 dx =  dx +  dx −  dx
( x − 1) ( x + 2)
2
9 ( x − 1) 3 ( x − 1) 2
9 ( x − 2)
2 1  −1  2
= log x − 1 +   − log x + 2 + C
9 3  x −1  9
2 x −1 1
= log − +C
9 x + 2 3 ( x − 1)
Question 9:
3x + 5
x − x2 − x + 1
3
Solution 9:
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
3x + 5 3x + 5
=
x − x − x + 1 ( x − 1)2 ( x + 1)
3 2
3x + 5 A B C
Let = + +
( x −1) ( x + 1)
2
( x + 1) ( x − 1) ( x + 1)
2
3x + 5 = A ( x − 1)( x + 1) + B ( x + 1) + ( x − 1)
2
3x + 5 = A ( x − 1) + B ( x + 1) + C ( x 2 + 1 − 2 x ) ... (1)
2
2
Equating the coefficients of x , x and constant term, we get
A+C=0
B − 2C = 3
–A+B+C=5
On solving, we get
B=4
1 1
A = − and C =
2 2
3x + 5 −1 4 1
 = + +
( x − 1) ( x + 1) 2 ( x −1) ( x − 1) 2 ( x + 1)
2 2
3x + 5 1 1 1 1 1
 dx = −  dx + 4 dx +  dx
( x −1) ( x + 1)
2
2 x −1 ( x −1)
2
2 ( x + 1)
1  −1  1
= − log x − 1 + 4   + log x + 1 + C
2  x −1  2
1 x +1 4
= log − +C
2 x − 1 ( x − 1)
Question 10:
2x − 3
( x −1) ( 2x + 3)
2
Solution 10:
2x − 3 2x − 3
=
( x −1) ( 2x + 3) ( x + 1)( x −1)( 2x + 3)
2
2x − 3 A B C
Let = + +
( x + 1)( x − 1)( 2 x + 3) ( x + 1) ( x − 1) ( 2 x + 3)
 ( 2x − 3) = A( x −1)( 2x + 3) + B ( x + 1)( 2x + 3) + C ( x + 1)( x −1)
 ( 2 x − 3) = A ( 2 x 2 + x − 3) + B ( 2 x 2 + 5 x − 3) + C ( x 2 − 1)
 ( 2 x − 3) = ( 2 A + 2 B + C ) x 2 + ( A + 5B) x + ( −3 A + 3B − C )
Equating the coefficients of x2, x and constant, we get
2A + 2B + C = 0
Top tutor.
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A + 5B = 2
– 3A + 3B – C = – 3
On solving, we get
1 5 24
B = − , A = , and C=-
10 2 5
2x − 3 5 1 24
 = − −
( x + 1)( x − 1)( 2 x + 3) 2 ( x + 1) 10 ( x − 1) 5 ( 2 x + 3)
2x − 3 5 1 1 1 24 1
 dx =  dx −  dx −  dx
( x −1) ( 2x + 3) 2 ( x + 1) 10 x −1 5 ( 2 x + 3)
2
5 1 24
= log x + 1 − log x − 1 − log 2 x + 3
2 10 5 2
5 1 12
= log x + 1 − log x − 1 − log 2 x + 3 + C
2 10 5
Question 11:
5x
( x + 1) ( x2 − 4)
Solution 11:
5x 5x
=
( x + 1) ( x − 4) ( x + 1)( x + 2)( x − 2)
2
5x A B C
Let = + +
( x + 1)( x + 2 )( x − 2 ) ( x + 1) ( x + 2 ) ( x − 2 )
5x = A( x + 2)( x − 2) + B ( x + 1)( x − 2) + C ( x + 1)( x + 2) ...(1)
Equating the coefficients of x2, x and constant, we get
A+B+C=0
– B + 3C = 5 and,
– 4A – 2B + 2C = 0
On solving, we get
5 5 5
A = , B = − , and C =
3 2 6
5x 5 5 5
 = +− +
( x + 1)( x + 2 )( x − 2 ) 3 ( x + 1) 2 ( x + 2 ) 6 ( x − 2 )
5x 5 1 5 1 5 1
 dx =  dx −  dx +  dx
( x + 1) ( x − 4)
2
3 ( x + 1) 2 ( x + 2) 6 ( x − 2)
5 5 5
= log x + 1 − log x + 2 + log x − 2 + C
3 2 6
Top tutor.
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Question 12:
x3 + x + 1
x2 −1
Solution 12:
On dividing (x3 + x + 1) by x2 − 1, we get
x3 + x + 1 2x +1
= x+ 2
x −1
2
x −1
2x +1 A B
Let 2 = +
x − 1 ( x + 1) ( x − 1)
2x + 1 = A( x −1) + B ( x + 1) ... (1)
Equating the coefficients of x and constant, we get
A+B=2
–A+B=1
On solving, we get
1 3
A = and B =
2 2
x3 + x + 1 1 3
 = x+ +
x −1
2
2 ( x + 1) 2 ( x − 1)
x3 + x + 1 1 1 3 1
 dx =  xdx +  dx +  dx
x +1
2
2 ( x + 1) 2 ( x − 1)
x2 3
= + log x + 1 + log x − 1 + C
2 2
Question 13:
2
(1 − x ) (1 + x2 )
Solution 13:
2 A Bx + C
Let = +
(1 − x ) (1 + x 2
) (1 − x ) (1 + x2 )
2 = A (1 + x 2 ) + ( Bx + C )(1 − x )
2 = A + Ax 2 + Bx − Bx 2 + C − Cx
Equating the coefficient of x2, x, and constant term, we get
A−B=0
Top tutor.
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B−C=0
A+C=2
A = 1, B = 1, and C = 1
2 1 x +1
 = +
(1 − x ) (1 + x ) 1 − x 1 + x2
2
2 1 x 1
 dx =  dx +  dx +  dx
(1 − x ) (1 + x2 ) 1− x 1+ x 2
1 + x2
1 1 2x 1
= − dx +  dx +  dx
1− x 2 1+ x 2
1 + x2
1
= − log x − 1 + log 1 + x 2 + tan −1 x + C
2
Question 14:
3x − 1
( x + 2)
2
Solution 14:
3x − 1 A B
Let = +
( x + 2)
2
( x + 2 ) ( x + 2 )2
 3x −1 = A ( x + 2) + B
Equating the coefficient of x and constant term, we get
A=3
2A + B = −1 ⇒ B = −7
3x − 1 3 7
 = −
( x + 2) ( x + 2) ( x + 2)
2 2
3x − 1 1 x
 dx = 3 dx − 7 dx
( x + 2)
2
( x + 2) ( x + 2)
2
 −1 
= 3log x + 2 − 7   + C
 ( x + 2) 
7
= 3log x + 2 + +C
( x + 2)
Question 15:
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
1
x −1
4
Solution 15:
1 1 1
= 2 =
( x −1) ( x −1)( x + 1) ( x + 1)( x −1) (1 + x2 )
4 2
1 A B Cx + D
Let = + + 2
( x + 1)( x − 1) (1 + x ) ( x + 1) ( x −1) ( x + 1)
2
1 = A ( x − 1) (1 + x 2 ) + B ( x + 1) (1 + x 2 ) + ( Cx + D ) ( x 2 − 1)
1 = A ( x3 + x − x 2 − 1) + B ( x3 + x + x 2 + 1) + Cx3 + Dx 2 − Cx − D
1 = ( A + B + C ) x3 + ( − A + B + D ) x 2 + ( A + B − C ) x + ( − A + B − D )
Equating the coefficient of x3, x2, x, and constant term, we get
A+ B +C = 0
−A+ B + D = 0
A+ B −C = 0
−A+ B − D =1
1 1 1
A = − , B = , C = 0, and D = −
4 4 2
1 −1 1 1
 4 = + +
( x −1) 4 ( x + 1) 4 ( x −1) 2 ( x2 + 1)
1 1 1 1
 dx = − log x − 1 + log x − 1 − tan1 x + C
x −1
4
4 4 2
1 x −1 1 1
= log − tan x + C
4 x +1 2
Question 16:
1
x ( x n + 1)
[Hint: multiply numerator and denominator by xn-1 and put xn = t]
Solution 16:
1
x ( x n + 1)
Multiplying numerator and denominator by xn-1, we get
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1 x n −1 x n −1
= =
x ( x n + 1) x n −1 x ( x n + 1) x n ( x n + 1)
Let x n = t  x n −1dx = dt
1 x n −1 1 1
 dx =  dx =  dt
x ( x + 1)
n
x ( x + 1)
n n
n t ( t + 1)
1 A B
Let = +
t ( t + 1) t ( t + 1)
1 = A (1 + t ) + Bt ... (1)
Equating the coefficients of t and constant, we get
A = 1 and B = −1
1 1 1
 = −
t ( t + 1) t (1 + t )
1 1 1 1 
 dx =   − dx
x ( x + 1)
n
n  t (1 + t ) 
1
=  log t − log t + 1  + C
n
1
= −  log x n − log x n + 1  + C
n
1 xn
= log n +C
n x +1
Question 17:
cos x
[Hint: Put sin x = t]
(1 − sin x )( 2 − sin x )
Solution 17:
cos x
Put, sin x = t  cos xdx = dt
(1 − sin x )( 2 − sin x )
cos x dt
 dx = 
(1 − sin x )( 2 − sin x ) (1 − t )( 2 − t )
1 A B
Let = +
(1 − t )( 2 − t ) (1 − t ) ( 2 − t )
1 = A( 2 − t ) + B (1 − t ) ...(1)
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– 2A – B = 0, and 2A + B = 1
On solving, we get
A = 1 and B = -1
1 1 1
 = −
(1 − t )( 2 − t ) (1 − t ) ( 2 − t )
cos x  1 1 
 dx =   − dt
(1 − sin x )( 2 − sin x ) 1 − t ( 2 − t ) 
= − log 1 − t  + log 2 − t + C
2−t
= log +C
1− t
2 − sin x
= log +C
1 − sin x
Question 18:
(x 2
+ 1)( x 2 + 2 )
(x 2
+ 3)( x 2 + 4 )
Solution 18:
(x 2
+ 1)( x 2 + 2 )
=
(4x 2
+ 10 )
(x 2
+ 3)( x + 4 )
2
(x 2
+ 3)( x 2 + 4 )
Let
( 4x 2
+ 10 )
=
Ax + B Cx + D
+
(x 2
+ 3)( x + 4 )
2
( x 2 + 3) ( x 2 + 4 )
4 x 2 + 10 = ( Ax + B ) ( x 2 + 4 ) + ( Cx + D ) ( x 2 + 3)
4 x 2 + 10 = Ax3 + 4 Ax + Bx 2 + 4 B + Cx3 + 3Cx + Dx 2 + 3D
4 x 2 + 10 = ( A + C ) x3 + ( B + D ) x 2 + ( 4 A + 3C ) x + ( 4 B + 3D )
Equating the coefficients of x3, x2, x and constant term, we get
A+C=0
B+D=4
4A + 3C = 0
4B + 3D = 10
A = 0, B = −2, C = 0, and D = 6
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
( 4x 2
+ 10 )
=
−2
+ 2
6
(x 2
+ 3)( x + 4 )2
( x + 3) ( x + 4 )
2
(x 2
+ 1)( x 2 + 2 )
=
 −2
 +
6 

(x 2
+ 3)( x 2 + 4 )  ( x 2 + 3) ( x 2 + 4 ) 

(x 2
+ 1)( x 2 + 2 ) 
 2 6  
(x 2
+ 3)( x + 4 )
2
dx =  1 +
( 2
+ )
−
( 2
+ )
dx

 x 3 x 4 

 
 2 6 
=  1 + − 2 
( ) x + 22 
2
 x2 + 3
 
 1 x  1 −1 x 
= x + 2 tan −1  − 6  2 tan 2  + C
 3 3  
2 x x
= x+ tan −1 − 3tan −1 + C
3 3 2
Question 19:
2x
( x + 1)( x2 + 3)
2
Solution 19:
2x
( x + 1)( x2 + 3)
2
Put, x2 = t ⇒ 2x dx = dt
2x dt
 2 dx =  ... (1)
( x + 1)( x + 3)
2
( t + 1)( t + 3)
1 A B
Let = +
( t + 1)( t + 3) ( t + 1) ( t + 3)
1 = A (t + 3) + B (t + 1) ...( 2)
A + B = 0 and 3A + B = 1
On solving, we get
1 1
A = and B = −
2 2
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1 1 1
 = +
( t + 1)( t + 3) 2 ( t + 1) 2 ( t + 3)
2x  1 1 
 dx =   − dt
( x + 1)( x + 3)
2 2
 2 ( t + 1) 2 ( t + 3) 
1 1
= log ( t + 1) − log t + 3 + C
2 2
1 t +1 1 x2 + 1
= log + C = log 2 +C
2 t +3 2 x +3
Question 20:
1
x ( x 4 − 1)
Solution 20:
1
x ( x 4 − 1)
Multiplying Nr and Dr by x3, we get
1 x3
=
x ( x 4 − 1) x 4 ( x 4 − 1)
1 x3
 dx =  dx
x ( x 4 − 1) x 4 ( x 4 − 1)
Put, x4 = t ⇒ 4x3 dx = dt
1 1 dt
 dx = 
x ( x − 1)
4
4 t ( t − 1)
1 A B
Let = +
t ( t − 1) t ( t − 1)
1 = A ( t − 1) + Bt ... (1)
A = −1 and B = 1
1 −1 1
 = +
t ( t − 1) t t − 1
1 1  −1 1 
 dx =   + dt
x ( x − 1)
4
4  t t − 1
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1
= − log t + log t − 1  + C
4
1 t −1 1 x4 −1
= log + C = log +C
4 t 4 x4
Question 21:
1
[Hint: Put ex = t]
( e − 1)
x
Solution 21:
1
( e − 1)
x
Put, ex = t ⇒ ex dx = dt
1 1 dt 1
 x dx =   = dt
( e −1) t −1 t t ( t − 1)
1 A B
Let = +
t ( t − 1) t t − 1
1 = A ( t − 1) + Bt ... (1)
A = −1 and B = 1
1 −1 1
 = +
t ( t − 1) t t − 1
1 t −1
 dt = log +C
t ( t − 1) t
ex −1
= log x + C
e
Question 22:
xdx
 ( x − 1)( x − 2 ) equals
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( x-1)
2
A. log +C
x−2
( x-2 )
2
B. log +C
x −1
 x −1 
2
C. log   +C
 x−2
D. log ( x-1)( x − 2 ) + C
Solution 22:
x A B
Let = +
( x − 1)( x − 2 ) ( x − 1) ( x − 2 )
x = A( x − 2) + B ( x −1) ...(1)
Equating the coefficients of x and constant, we get
A = −1 and B = 2
x 1 2
 =− +
( x − 1)( x − 2 ) ( x − 1) ( x − 2 )
x  −1 2 
 dx =   + dx
( x − 1)( x − 2 )  ( x − 1) ( x − 2 ) 
= − log x − 1 + 2 log x − 2 + C
( x − 2)
2
= log +C
x −1
Question 23:
dx
 x(x 2
+ 1)
equals
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A. log x − log ( x 2 + 1) + C
1
2
B. log x + log ( x 2 + 1) + C
1
2
C. -log x + log ( x 2 + 1) + C
1
2
D. log x + log ( x 2 + 1) + C
1
2
Solution 23:
1 A Bx + C
Let = + 2
x ( x + 1) x x + 1
2
1 = A ( x 2 + 1) + ( Bx + C ) x
A+B=0
C=0
A=1
A = 1, B = −1, and C = 0
1 1 −x
 = + 2
x ( x + 1) x x + 1
2
1 1 x 
 dx =   − 2 dx
x ( x + 1)
2
 x x + 1
1
= log x − log x 2 + 1 + C
2
EXERCISE- 7.6
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Question 1:
x sin x
Solution 1:
Let I =  x sin xdx
Taking u=x and v=sin x and integrating by parts, we get
 d  
I =  x sin xdx −   x   sin xdx  dx
 dx  
= x ( − cos x ) −  1. ( − cos x ) dx
= − x cos x + sin x + C
Question 2:
x sin 3x
Solution 2:
Let I =  x sin 3xdx
Taking u=x and v=sin 3x and integrating by parts, we get
 d  
I = x  sin 3 xdx −   x   sin 3 xdx 
 dx  
 − cos 3x   − cos 3x 
= x  −  1.   dx
 3   3 
− x cos 3 x 1 − x cos 3 x 1
= +  cos 3 xdx = + sin 3 x + C
3 3 3 9
Question 3:
x 2e x
Solution 3:
Let I =  x 2e x dx
Taking u=x2 and v=e^x and integrating by parts, we get
 d  
I = x 2  e x dx −   x 2   e x dx  dx
 dx  
= x 2 e x −  2 x − e x dx
= x 2 e x − 2 x.e x dx
Again using integration by parts, we get
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  d   
= x 2e x − 2  x. e x dx −   x 2   e x dx  dx 
  dx   
= x 2e x − 2  xe x −  e x dx 
 
= x 2e x − 2  xe x − e x 
= x 2 e x − 2 xe x + 2e x + C
= ex ( x2 − 2x + 2) + C
Question 4:
x log x
Solution 4:
Let I =  x log xdx
Taking u=log x and v=x and integrating by parts, we get
 d  
I = log x  xdx −   log x   xdx  dx
 dx  
x2 1 x2
= log x. −  . dx
2 x 2
2
x log x x x 2 log x x 2
= . dx = − +C
2 2 2 4
Question 5:
x log 2x
Solution 5:
Let I =  x log 2 xdx
Taking u=log 2x and v=x and integrating by parts, we get
 d  
I = log 2 x  xdx −   2 log x   xdx  dx
 dx  
x2 2 x2
= log 2 x. −  . dx
2 2x 2
2
x log 2 x x
= −  dx
2 2
2 2
x log 2 x x
= − +C
2 4
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Question 6:
x 2 log x
Solution 6:
Let I =  x 2 log xdx
Taking u=log x and v= x2 and integrating by parts, we get
 d  
I = log x  x 2 dx −   log x   x 2 dx  dx
 dx  
 x3  1 x3
= log x.   −  . dx
 3 x 3
x3 log x x2 x3 log x x3
= −  dx = − +C
3 3 3 9
Question 7:
x sin −1 x
Solution 7:
Let I =  x sin −1 xdx
Taking u=sin-1 x and v=x and integrating by parts, we get
 d  
I = sin −1 x  x dx −   sin −1 x   x dx  dx
 dx  
 x2  1 x2
= sin −1 x   −  . dx
 2 1 − x2 2
x 2 sin −1 x 1 − x2
= +  dx
2 2 1 − x2
x 2 sin −1 x 1  1 − x 2 1 
= +  − dx
2 2  1 − x2 1 − x2 
x 2 sin −1 x 1  1 
= +   1 − x2 −  dx
2 2  1 − x2 
x 2 sin −1 x 1  1 
= +  1 − x 2 dx −  dx 
2 2 1 − x2 
x 2 sin −1 x 1  x 1 
= +  1 − x 2 + sin −1 x − sin −1 x  + C
2 2 2 2 
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x 2 sin −1 x x
1 − x 2 + sin −1 x − sin −1 x + C = ( 2 x 2 − 1) in −1 x +
1 1 1 x
= + 1 − x2 + C
2 4 4 2 4 4
Question 8:
x tan −1 x
Solution 8:
Let I =  x tan −1 x dx
Taking u= tan-1 x and v=x and integrating by parts, we get
 d  
I = tan −1 x  x dx −   tan −1 x   x dx  dx
 dx  
 x2  1 x2 x 2 tan −1 x 1 x 2
= tan x   − 
−1
. dx = −  dx
 
2 1 + x 2
2 2 2 1 + x 2
x 2 tan −1 x 1  x 2 + 1 1  x 2 tan −1 x 1  1 
= −  − 2 
dx = −  1 − dx
2 2  1+ x 1+ x 
2
2 2  1 + x2 
x 2 tan −1 x 1 x2
− ( x − tan −1 x ) + C = tan −1 x − + tan −1 x + C
x 1
=
2 2 2 2 2
Question 9:
x cos−1 x
Solution 9:
Let I =  x cos−1 xdx
Taking u= cos-1 x and v=x and integrating by parts, we get
 d  
I = cos −1 x  xdx −   cos −1 x   xdx  dx
 dx  
x2 −1 x 2 x 2 cos −1 x 1 1 − x 2 − 1
= cos −1 x − . dx = −  dx
2 1 − x2 2 2 2 1 − x2
x 2 cos −1 x 1   −1  
= −   1 − x2 +   dx
2 2   1− x  
2
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x 2 cos −1 x 1 1  −1 
= −  1 − x 2 dx −   dx
2 2 2  1 − x2 
x 2 cos −1 x 1 1
= − I1 − cos −1 x ... (1)
2 2 2
Where, I1 =  1 − x 2 dx
d − x2
 I1 = x  1 − x 2 −  1 − x 2  xdx  I1 = x 1 − x 2 −  dx
dx 1 − x2
1 − x2 −1  −dx 
 I1 = x 1 − x 2 −  dx  I1 = x 1 − x 2 −  1 − x 2 dx +  
1 − x2  1 − x2 
 I1 = x 1 − x 2 − I1 + cos −1 x  2I1 = x 1 − x2 − cos−1 x
x 1
 I1 = 1 − x 2 − cos −1 x
2 2
Substituting in (1), we get
x cos −1 x 1  x 1  1
I= −  1 − x 2 − cos −1 x  − cos −1 x
2 22 2  2
=
( 2x 2
− 1)
cos −1 x −
x
1 − x2 + C
4 4
Question 10:
( sin x )
−1 2
Solution 10:
Let I =  ( sin −1 x ) .1dx
2
Taking u=(sin-1 x)2 and v=1 and integrating by parts, we get

d 
I =  ( sin −1 x ) . 1dx −   ( sin −1 x ) . 1.dx  dx
2
 dx 
2sin −1 x
= ( sin −1 x ) .x − 
2
.xdx
1 − x2
 −2 x 
= x ( sin −1 x ) +  sin −1 x. 
2
dx
 1− x 
2
 −2 x  d  −2 x  
= x ( sin −1 x ) + sin −1 x  dx −   sin −1 x  
2
dx  dx 
 1 − x2  dx  1 − x 2  
Top tutor.
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 
= x ( sin −1 x ) + sin −1 x.2 1 − x 2 − 
2 1
.2 1 − x 2 dx 
 1 − x2 
= x ( sin −1 x ) + 2 1 − x 2 sin −1 x −  2dx
2
= x ( sin −1 x ) + 2 1 − x 2 sin −1 x − 2 x + C
2
Question 11:
x cos −1 x
1 − x2
Solution 11:
x cos −1 x
Let I =  dx
1 − x2
−1 −2 x
2 
I= .cos −1 xdx
1− x 2
 −2 x 
Taking u=cos-1 x and v=   and integrating by parts, we get
 1− x 
2
−1  −1 −2 x  d  −2 x  
I= cos x  dx −   cos −1 x   dx  dx 
2  1 − x2  dx  1 − x 2  
−1  −1 −1  −1 
= cos x.2 1 − x − 
2
.2 1 − x 2 dx  = 2 1 − x 2 cos −1 x +  2dx 
2  1− x  
 2
2
−1
=  2 1 − x 2 cos −1 x + 2 x  + C
2  
= −  1 − x 2 cos −1 x + x  + C
 
Question 12:
x sec2 x
Solution 12:
Let I =  x sec2 xdx
Taking u=x and v=sec2 x and integrating by parts, we get
 d  
I = x  sec 2 xdx −   x   sec 2 xdx dx
 dx  
Top tutor.
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= x tan x −  1.tan xdx

= x tan x + log cos x + C
Question 13:
tan −1 x
Solution 13:
−1
Let I =  1.tan xdx
Taking u=tan-1 x and v= 1 and integrating by parts, we get
 d   1
I = tan −1 x  1dx −   tan −1 x   1.dx  dx = tan −1 x.x −  .xdx
 dx   1 + x2
1 2x
= x tan −1 x −  dx
2 1 + x2
1
= x tan −1 x − log 1 + x 2 + C
2
= x tan −1 x − log (1 + x 2 ) + C
1
2
Question 14:
x ( log x ) dx
2
Solution 14:
I =  x ( log x ) dx
2
Taking u=(log x)2 and v=1 and integrating by parts, we get

  d  
2

I = ( log )  xdx −    log x    xdx  dx
2
  dx   
x2  1 x2 
= ( log x ) −   2log x. . dx 
2
2  x 2 
x2
= ( log x ) −  x log xdx
2
2
x2   d    x2  x2 1 x2 
I = ( log x ) − log x  xdx −   log x   xdx  dx  = ( log x ) −  − log x −  . dx 
2 2
2   dx    2 2 x 2 
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x2 x2 1 x2 x2 x2
( ) ( )
2
= − + = − + +C
2 2
log x log x xdx log x log x
2 2 2 2 4
Question 15:
(x 2
+ 1) log x
Solution 15:
Let I =  ( x 2 + 1) log xdx =  x 2 log xdx +  log xdx
Let I = I1 + I2 … (1)
Where, I1 =  x 2 log xdx and I2 =  log xdx
I1 =  x 2 log xdx
Taking u=log x and v=x2 and integrating by parts, we get
 d  
I1 = log x −  x 2 dx −   log x   x 2 dx  dx
 dx  
x3
= log x.
3
1 x3
x 3
x3
−  . dx = log x −
3
1
3
(  x dx )
2
3 3
x x
= log x − + C1 ... ( 2 )
3 9
I2 =  log xdx
Taking u=log x and v=1 and integrating by parts, we get
 d  
I 2 = log x  1.dx −   log x   1.dx 
 dx  
1
= log x.x −  .xdx
x
= x log x −  1dx
= x log x − x + C2 ... ( 3)
x3 x3
I = log x − + C1 + x log x − x + C2
3 9
x3 x3
= log x − + x log x − x + ( C1 + C2 )
3 9
x 3
 x3
=  + x  log x − − x + C
 3  9
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Question 16:
ex (sin x + cos x )
Solution 16:
Let I =  e x ( sin x + cos x ) dx
Let f (x) = sin x
f ' ( x ) = cos x
I =  e x  f ( x ) + f ' ( x ) dx
Since,  e x  f ( x ) + f ' ( x ) dx = e x f ( x ) + C
 I = e x sin x + C
Question 17:
xe x
(1 + x )
2
Solution 17:
xe x  x 
Let I =  dx =  e x  2 
dx
(1 + x ) ( + )
2
 1 x 
1 + x − 1  
x  1 1 
=  ex  dx =  1 + x (1 + x )2 dx
e  −
 (1 + x ) 
2
 
1 −1
Here, f ( x ) = f '( x) =
1+ x (1 + x )
2
xe x
 dx =  e x  f ( x ) + f ' ( x ) dx
(1 + x )
2
Since,  e x  f ( x ) + f ' ( x ) dx = e x f ( x ) + C
xe x ex
 dx = +C
(1 + x ) 1+ x
2
Question 18:
 1 + sin x 
ex  
 1 + cos x 
Solution 18:
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 2x x x x
 sin + cos 2 + 2sin cos 
 1 + sin x  2 2 2 2
 =e 
x
ex  
 1 + cos x   2 cos 2
x

 2 
2
 x x  x x
2
e  sin + cos 
x
sin + cos
1  2
= 
2 2 2
= ex . 
x 2  x
2 cos 2 cos 
2  2 
2
1  x 
= e x  tan + 1
2  2 
2
1 x x
= e 1 + tan 
2  2
1 x x x
= e 1 + tan 2 + 2 tan 
2  2 2
1 x 2 x x
= e sec + 2 tan 
2  2 2
e x (1 + sin x ) dx 1 x x
= e x  sec2 + tan  ... (1)
(1 + cos x ) 2 2 2
x 1 x
Let tan = f ( x) so f '( x) = sec 2
2 2 2
It is known that,  ex  f ( x ) + f ' ( x ) dx = e x f ( x ) + C
e x (1 + sin x ) x
 (1 + cos x ) dx = e tan 2 + C
x
Question 19:
1 1 
ex  − 2 
x x 
Solution 19:
1 1 
Let I =  e x  − 2  dx
x x 
1 −1
Here, = f ( x ) f '( x) = 2
x x
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ex
I = +C
x
Question 20:
( x − 3) e x
( x − 1)
3
Solution 20:

x  x−3 
  
x  x −1− 2 
  ( x − 1)3    ( x − 1)3  dx
e   dx = e 
   
 1 2 
=  ex  − 3
dx
 ( x − 1) ( x − 1) 
2
1 −2
Let f ( x ) = f '( x) =
( x − 1) ( x − 1)
2 3

 ( x − 3)  ex
  ex  2
dx = +C
( − ) ( − )
2
 x 1  x 1
Question 21:
e2 x sin x
Solution 21:
... (1)
2x
Let I =  e sin xdx
Using Integration by parts, we get
 d  
I = sin x  e 2 x dx −   sin x   e 2 x dx  dx
 dx  
e2 x e2 x
2 
 I = sin x. − cos x. dx
2
e2 x sin x 1 2 x
I = −  e cos xdx
2 2
e2 x sin x 1   d   
I= − cos x  e2 x dx −   cos x   e2 x dx  dx 
2 2  dx   
Top tutor.
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e2 x sin x 1  e2 x e2 x 
− ( − sin x )
2 
I = − cos x. dx 
2 2 2 
e2 x sin x 1  e2 x cos x 1 2 x 
I = −  +  e sin xdx 
2 2 2 2 
e2 x sin x e2 x cos x 1
I = − − I  From (1) 
2 4 4
1 e2 x sin x e2 x cos x 5 e2 x sin x e2 x cos x
I+ I = −  I= −
4 2 4 4 2 4
4  e sin x e cos x 
2x 2x
e 2x
I =  −  +C  I =  2sin x − cos x + C
5 2 4  5
Question 22:
 2x 
sin −1  2 
 1+ x 
Solution 22:
Let x = tan  dx = sec2  d
 2x   2 tan  
 sin −1  = sin −1   − sin ( sin 2 ) = 2
−1
2 
 1+ x   1 + tan  
2
−1  2 x 
 sin  1 + x2  dx =  2 .sec  d = 2  .sec 2  d
2
Integrating by parts, we get

  d   
2  . sec2  d −      sec2  d  d 
  d   
= 2  .tan  −  tan  d 
 
= 2  tan  + log cos   + C
 1 
= 2  x tan −1 x + log +C
 1 + x2 
1
= 2 x tan −1 x + 2 log (1 + x 2 ) 2 + C
 1 
= 2 x tan −1 x + 2  − log (1 + x 2 )  + C
 2 
= 2 x tan −1 x − log (1 + x 2 ) + C
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Question 23:
x e
2 x3
dx equals
1 x3 1 x2
(A) e +C ( B) e +C
3 3
1 x3 1 x2
(C) e +C ( D) e +C
2 3
Solution 23:
Let I =  x 2e x dx
3
Also, let x3 = t so, 3x2dx = dt

1
 I =  et dt
3
= (e ) + C
1 t
3
1 x3
= e +C
3
Question 24:
e
x
sec x (1 + tan x ) dx equals
(A) e x cos x + C ( B) e x sec x + C
( C) e x sin x + C (D) e x tan x + C
Solution 24:
e
x
sec x (1 + tan x ) dx
Consider, I =  e x sec x (1 + tan x ) dx =  e x ( sec x + sec x tan x ) dx
Let sec x = f ( x ) sec x tan x = f ' ( x )
 I = e x sec x + C
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EXERCISE- 7.7
Question 1:
4 − x2
Solution 1:
Let I =  4 − x2 dx =  ( 2) − ( x )
2 2
dx
2
x 2 2 a x
Since, a − x dx =
2 2
a −x sin −1 + C
2 2 a
x 4 x
I = 4 − x 2 + sin −1 + C
2 2 2
x x
= 4 − x 2 + 2sin −1 + C
2 2
Question 2:
1 − 4x2
Solution 2:
Let I =  1 − 4 x2 dx =  (1) − ( 2x )
2 2
dx
Put, 2 x = t  2dx = dt
1
 I =  (1) − ( t )
2 2
2
x 2 2 a 2 −1 x
Since, a 2 − x 2 dx = a −x sin +C
2 2 a
1t 1 
 I =  1 − t 2 + sin −1 t  + C
2 2 2 
t 1
= 1 − t 2 + sin −1 t + C
4 4
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2x 1
= 1 − 4 x 2 + sin −1 2 x + C
4 4
x 1
= 1 − 4 x 2 + sin −1 2 x + C
2 4
Question 3:
x2 + 4 x + 6
Solution 3:
Let I =  x 2 + 4 x + 6dx
=  x 2 + 4 x + 4 + 2dx
= (x 2
+ 4 x + 4 ) + 2dx
( x + 2) ( 2 ) dx
2
= +
2
x 2 a2
Since, x 2 − a 2 dx = x − a2 log x + x 2 − a 2 + C
2 2
I =
( x + 2) 2
x 2 + 4 x + 6 + log ( x + 2 ) + x 2 + 4 x + 6 + C
2 2
=
( x + 2) x 2 + 4 x + 6 + log ( x + 2 ) + x 2 + 4 x + 6 + C
2
Question 4:
x2 + 4 x + 1
Solution 4:
Consider, I =  x 2 + 4 x + 1dx
= (x 2
+ 4 x + 4 ) − 3dx
( x + 2) ( 3 ) dx
2
= −
2
x 2 a2
Since, x 2 − a 2 dx = x − a2 log x + x 2 − a 2 + C
2 2
I =
( x + 2) 3
x 2 + 4 x + 1 − log ( x − 2 ) + x 2 + 4 x + 1 + C
2 2
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Question 5:
1 − 4x − x2
Solution 5:
Consider, I =  1 − 4 x − x 2 dx
=  1 − ( x 2 + 4 x + 4 − 4 )dx
=  1 + 4 − ( x + 2 ) dx
2
( 5) − ( x + 2 ) dx
2
=
2
x 2 a2 x
Since, a 2 − x 2 dx = a − x 2 sin −1 + C
2 2 a
I =
( x + 2) 5  x+2
1 − 4 x − x 2 + sin −1  +C
2 2  5 
Question 6:
x2 + 4 x − 5
Solution 6:
Let I =  x 2 + 4 x − 5dx
= (x 2
+ 4 x + 4 ) − 9dx =  ( x + 2) − (3)
2 2
dx
x 2 a2
Since,  x 2 − a 2 dx =
2
x − a 2 − log x + x 2 − a 2 + C
2
I =
( x + 2) 9
x 2 + 4 x − 5 − log ( x + 2 ) + x 2 + 4 x − 5 + C
2 2
Question 7:
1 + 3x − x2
Solution 7:
Put, I =  1 + 3x − x 2 dx
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 9 9
=  1 −  x 2 − 3x + − dx
 4 4
2
 13  
2
 9  3
2
3
= 1 +  −  x −  dx =    −  x −  dx
 4  2  2   2
x 2 a2 x
 a 2 − x 2 dx =
− + sin −1 + C
2
Since, a x
2 2 a
3  3
x−  x− 
I = 2 1 + 3x − x 2 + 13 sin −1  2 +C
2 4 2  13 
 
 2 
2x − 3 13  2x − 3 
= 1 + 3 x − x 2 + sin −1  +C
4 8  13 
Question 8:
x2 + 3x
Solution 8:
Let I =  x 2 + 3x dx
9 9
=  x 2 + 3x + − dx
4 4
2 2
 3 3
=  x +  −   dx
 4 2
x 2 a2
Since, x 2 − a 2 dx = x − a 2 − log x + x 2 − a 2 + C
2 2
 3 9
x+ 
 3
I = 
2 2
x + 3x − 4 log  x +  + x 2 + 3x + C
2 2  2
( 2 x + 3) 2 9  3
= x + 3x − log  x +  + x 2 + 3x + C
4 8  2
Question 9:
x2
1+
9
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Solution 9:
x2 1 1
Let I =  1 + dx =  9 − x 2 dx =  ( 3) + x 2 dx
2
9 3 3
x 2 a2
Since, x + a dx =
2 2
x + a + log x + x 2 + a 2 + C
2
2 2
1x 2 9 
I =  x + 9 + log x + x 2 + 9  + C
3 2 2 
x 3
= x 2 + 9 + log x + x 2 + 9 + C
6 2
Question 10:
 1 + x 2 is equal to
x 1
A. 1 + x 2 + log x + 1 + x 2 + C
2 2
2
B. (1 + x ) + C
2 2 3
3
2
C. x (1 + x 2 ) 3 + C
2
3
x3 1
D. 1 + x 2 + x 2 log x + 1 + x 2 + C
2 2
Solution 10:
x 2 a2
Since, a 2 + x 2 dx = a + x2 log x + x 2 + a 2 + C
2 2
x 1
  1 + x 2 dx = 1 + x 2 + log x + 1 + x 2 + C
2 2
Question 11:
 x 2 − 8 x + 7dx is equal to
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
1
A. ( x − 4) x 2 − 8 x + 7 + 9 log x − 4 + x 2 − 8 x + 7 + C
2
1
B. ( x + 4 ) x 2 − 8 x + 7 + 9 log x + 4 + x 2 − 8 x + 7 + C
2
1
C. ( x − 4 ) x 2 − 8 x + 7 − 3 2 log x − 4 + x 2 − 8 x + 7 + C
2
1 9
D. ( x − 4 ) x 2 − 8 x + 7 − log x − 4 + x 2 − 8 x + 7 + C
2 2
Solution 11:
Let I =  x 2 − 8 x + 7dx
= (x 2
− 8 x + 16 ) − 9dx
= ( x − 4 ) − ( 3)
2 2
dx
x 2 a2
Since, x − a dx =
2 2
x − a − log x + x 2 − a 2 + C
2
2 2
( x − 4) 2 9
I = x − 8 x + 7 − log ( x − 4 ) +  x 2 − 8 x + 7 + C
2 2
EXERCISE- 7.8
Top tutor.
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Question 1:
b
a
xdx
Solution 1:
 f ( x ) dx = ( b − a ) lim n  f ( a ) + f ( a + h ) + ... + f ( a + ( n − 1) h ) where h = n

b 1 b-a
Since,
a n →
Here, a = a, b = b, and f ( x ) = x
1
  xdx = ( b − a ) lim  a + ( a + h ) ... ( a + 2h ) ...a + ( n − 1) h 
b
a n → n

n→ n  (
ntimes
)
= ( b − a ) lim  a + a + a + ... + a + ( h + 2h + 3h + ... + ( n − 1) h )
1

= ( b − a ) lim  na + h (1 + 2 + 3 + ... + ( n − 1) ) 
1
n → n
1  ( n − 1)( n ) 
= ( b − a ) lim  na + h  
n → n
  2 
1 n ( n − 1) h  n  ( n − 1) h 
= ( b − a ) lim  na +  = ( b − a ) lim a + 
n → n n → n
 2   2 
 ( n − 1) h   ( n − 1)( b − a ) 
= ( b − a ) lim a +  = ( b − a ) lim  a + 
n → n →
 2   2n 
  1 
 1 −  ( b − a )   (b − a ) 
= ( b − a ) lim  a + 
n
 = ( b − a ) a + 
n →
 2   2 
 
 2a + b − a 
= (b − a )  
 2
=
( b − a )( b + a )
2
= (b − a2 )
1 2
2
Question 2:
 ( x + 1) dx
b
Solution 2:
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
 ( x + 1) dx
b
Let I =
0
 f ( x ) dx = ( b − a ) lim n  f ( a ) + f ( a + h ) + ... + f ( a + ( n − 1) h ) , where h = n

b 1 b-a
Since,
a n →
Here, a = 0, b = 5, and f ( x ) = ( x + 1)
5−0 5
h= =
n n
1 5  5 
  ( x + 1)dx = ( 5 − 0 ) lim  f ( 0 ) + f   + ... f  ( n − 1)  
5
0 n → n
 n  n 
1 5    5 ( n − 1)  
= 5 lim 1 +  + 1 + ... 1 +   
  n    n  
n → n
1
(5 5
) 5 5 
= 5 lim  1 + 1 + 1...1 +  + 2. + 3. + ... ( n − 1)  
n → n
 n times
n n n n 
1 
= 5lim  n + 1 + 2 + 3... ( n − 1)
5
n → n
 n 
1 5 ( n − 1) n  1  5 ( n − 1) 
= 5lim  n + .  = 5lim  n + 
n → n n → n
 n 2   2 
1  5  1   5
= 5 lim 1 + 1 −   = 5 1 + 
n → n
 2  n   2
7
= 5 
2
35
=
2
Question 3:
3
2
x 2 dx
Solution 3:
Since,
1 b-a
 f ( x ) dx = ( b − a ) lim n  f ( a ) + f ( a + h ) + f ( a + 2h ) ... + f {a + ( n − 1) h} , where h = n
b
a n →
Here, a = 2, b = 3, and f ( x ) = x2
3− 2 1
h= =
n n
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1  1  2  1 
  x 2 dx = ( 3 − 2 ) lim  f ( 2 ) + 2 + ( n − 1) 
3
f 2+ + f  2 +  ... f
2 n → n
  n  n  n 
1 2  ( n − 1)  
2

2 2
1  2
= lim ( 2 ) +  2 +  +  2 +  + ...  2 +  
n → n
  n  n  n  

1 2  1   2 ( n − 1) ( n − 1) 
2 2
 2 1
= lim 2 + 2 +   + 2.2.  + ... + ( 2 ) +
 + 2.2. 
n → n
 
 n n  
 n2 n  
1 2
( )
 1   2   n − 1   1 2 3 ( n − 1) 
2 2 2
= lim  2 + ... + 2 +   +   + ... + 

2
  + 2.2.  + + + ... + 
 n   n   n  
n → n
 n n n n 
n times
1
n → n
 n
 2 4
n
 
= lim  4n + 2 12 + 22 + 32... + ( n − 1) + 1 + 2 + ... + ( n − 1)
1

1 1  n ( n − 1)( 2n − 1)  4  n ( n − 1) 
= lim  4n + 2  +  
  n  2 
n → n n  6
  1  1 
 n 1 −  2 − 
n  4n − 4   1  1  1 2
= lim  4n + 
1 n 
+  = lim  4 + 1 −  2 −  + 2 − 
n → n
 6 2  n →
 6  n  n n
 
2
= 4+ +2
6
19
=
3
Question 4:
 (x − x ) dx
4
2
1
Solution 4:
( )
4
Let I =  x 2 − x dx
1
4 4
=  x2 dx −  xdx
1 1
... (1)
4 4
Let I = I1 − I 2 , where I1 =  x 2dx and I 2 =  xdx
1 1
 f ( x ) dx = ( b − a ) lim n  f ( a ) + f ( a + h ) + f ( a + ( n − 1) h ) , where h = n

b 1 b-a
Since,
a n →
4
For, I1 =  x 2 dx,
1
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
a= 1, b = 4, and f (x) = x2
4 −1 3
h = =
n n
I1 =  x 2 dx = ( 4 − 1) lim  f (1) + f (1 + h ) + ... + f (1 + ( n − 1) h ) 

4 1
1 n → n
1  2  3   ( n − 1) 3  
2 2 2
3
= 3lim 1 + 1 +  + 1 + 2.  + ... 1 +  
n → n
  n  n  n  
1 2    
 ( n − 1) 3  2. ( n − 1) .3 
2 2
  3 3 
= 3lim 1 + 1 +   + 2.  + ... + 1 + 
2 2
 + 
n → n 
 
  n  n 
 
  n  2 

1
( )  

2
3
= 3lim  12 + ... + 12 +   12 + 22 + ... + ( n − 1) + 2. 1 + 2 + ... + ( n − 1)
2 3
n → n

ntimes
n n 
1 9  ( n − 1)( n )( 2n − 1)  6  ( n − 1)( n ) 
= 3lim  n + 2  +  
n → n
 n  6  n 2 
1  9n  1  1  6n − 6 
= 3lim  n + 1 −  2 −  +
n → n
 6  n  n 2 
 9  1  1 3
= 3lim 1 + 1 −  2 −  + 3 − 
n →
 6  n  n n
= 31 + 3 + 3
= 3 7
I1 = 21 ... ( 2 )
4
For I 2 =  xdx,
1
a = 1, b = 4, and f ( x ) = x
4 −1 3
h= =
n n
 f (1) + f (1 + h ) + ... f ( a + ( n − 1) h ) 
1
 I 2 = ( 4 − 1) lim
n → n
1 + (1 + h ) + ... + (1 + ( n − 1) h ) 
1
= 3lim
n → n
1   3  3 
= 3lim 1 + 1 +  + ... + 1 + ( n − 1) 
n → n
  n  n 
1
n → n

(
n times
3
n ) 
= 3lim  1 + 1 +... + 1 + (1 + 2 + ... + ( n − 1) ) 

Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
1 3  ( n − 1) n 
= 3lim  n +  
 n  2 
n → n
1  3  1 
= 3lim 1 + 1 −  
n → n
 2  n 
 3 5
= 3 1 +  = 3  
 2 2
15
I2 = ... ( 3)
2
From equations (2) and (3), we get
15 27
I = I1 + I 2 = 21 − =
2 2
Question 5:
1
−1
e x dx
Solution 5:
... (1)
1
Let I =  e x dx
−1

b 1 b-a
Since,
a n →
Here, a = −1, b = 1, and f ( x ) = e x

1+1 2
h = =
n n
1  2 
 I = (1 + 1) lim  f ( −1) + f  −1 +  + f  −1 + 2.  + ... +
2 
f  −1 +
( n − 1) 2  

n → n
  n  n  n  
1  −1  −1+ n   −1+ 2. n   −1+ ( n −1)  
 2  2  2
= 2 lim e + e +e + ...e  n

n → n
 
1  −1  ( n −1)  
2 4 6 2
= 2 lim e 1 + e + e + e + e
n n n n

  
n → n
 2nn −1 
e e 
−1
−1 1  e2 − 1
= 2 lim = e  2 lim
n → n  2 −1  n → n  2
−1 
 e 
n
 en 
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
e −1  2 ( e 2 − 1)  2 ( e2 − 1)    eh − 1  
−1
= =e   lim   = 1
 2 −1   2  
h →0
 h  
 en 
lim  2
2 2 
n
→0
 
 n 
e −1
2
=
e
 1
= e − 
 e
Question 6:
 ( x + e ) dx
4
2x
0
Solution 6:
Since,

b 1 b-a
a n →
4−0 4
Here, a = 0, b = 4, and f ( x ) = x + e2 x  h = =
n n
  ( x + e 2 x ) dx = ( 4 − 0 ) lim  f ( 0 ) + f ( h ) + f ( 2h ) + ... + f ( ( n − 1) h ) 
4 1
0 n → n
1
n → n 

= 4 lim ( 0 + e0 ) + ( h + e 2 h ) + ( 2h + e 2.2 h ) + ... + ( n − 1) h + e ( )  
2 n −1 h

1
n → n 

= 4 lim 1 + ( h + e 2 h ) + ( 2h + e 4 h ) + ... + ( n − 1) h + e ( )  
2 n −1 h

1
n → n 
(
= 4 lim h + 2h + 3h + ... + ( n − 1) h + 1 + e 2 h + e 4 h + ... + e ( )  )
2 n −1 h

1  e2 hn − 1   1  ( h ( n − 1) n )  e 2 hn − 1  
= 4 lim  h 1 + 2 + ... ( n − 1) +  2 h  = 4 lim  +  2h 
n → n
  e − 1  n → n
 2  e − 1  
= 4 lim
 
1  4 ( n − 1) n  e8 − 1  
. + 8 = 4 ( 2 ) + 4 lim
( e8 − 1)
n → n  n 2  n  n →  8 
  e − 1   e n −1 
 8 8
 
 n 
4. ( e8 − 1)  ex −1 
= 8+  x →0
lim = 1
8  x 
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
e8 − 1 15 + e8
= 8+ =
2 2
EXERCISE- 7.9
Question 1:
 ( x + 1) dx
1
−1
Solution 1:
( x + 1) dx
1
Let I = 
−1
x2
 ( x + 1) dx =
2
+ x = F ( x)
Using second fundamental theorem of calculus, we get

I = F (1) − F ( −1)
1  1 
=  + 1 −  − 1
2  2 
1 1
= +1− +1
2 2
=2
Question 2:
3 1
2 x
dx
Solution 2:
3 1
Let I =  dx
2 x
1
 x dx = log x = F ( x )
I = F ( 3) − F ( 2 )
3
= log 3 − log 2 = log
2
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
Question 3:
 ( 4x − 5x2 + 6 x + 9 ) dx
2
3
1
Solution 3:
( )
2
Let I =  4 x3 − 5x 2 + 6 x + 9 dx
1
 x 4   x3   x 2 
( − + + ) =   − 5  + 6  + 9 ( x)
3 2
4 x 5 x 6 x 9 dx 4
 4  3  2
5 x3
= x4 − + 3x 2 + 9 x = F ( x )
3
I = F (2) – F (1)
 4 5. ( 2 )   4 5 (1) 
3 3
I = 2 − + 3 ( 2 ) + 9 ( 2 )  − (1) − + 3 (1) + 9 (1) 

2 2
 3   3 
 40   5 
= 16 − + 12 + 18  − 1 − + 3 + 9 
 3   3 
40 5
= 16 − + 12 + 18 − 1 + − 3 − 9
3 3
35
= 33 −
3
99 − 35
=
3
64
=
3
Question 4:
x
0
4
sin 2 xdx
Solution 4:
x
Let I =  4 sin 2 xdx
0
 − cos 2 x 
 sin 2 xdx =   = F ( x)
2 
 
I = F   − F ( 0)
4
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
1    1    
=  cos 2   − cos 0  = − cos   − cos 0 
2 4  2  2 
1
=− 0 − 1
2
1
=
2
Question 5:

0
2
cos 2xdx
Solution 5:

Let I =  2 cos 2 xdx
0
 sin 2 x 
 cos 2 xdx =   = F ( x)
2 
 
I = F   − F ( 0)
2
1    1
=  sin 2   − sin 0  = sin  − sin 0
2 2  2
1
=  0 − 0 = 0
2
Question 6:
5
4
e x dx
Solution 6:
5
Let I =  e x dx
4
 e dx = e
x x
= F ( x)
I = F (5) – F (4)
= e5 − e 4
= e 4 ( e − 1)
Top tutor.
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Question 7:

0
4
tan xdx
Solution 7:

Let I =  4 tan xdx
0
 tan xdx = − log cos x = F ( x )

 
I = F   − F ( 0)
4
 1
= − log cos + log cos 0 = − log + log 1
4 2
1
= − log ( 2 )
−
2
1
= log 2
2
Question 8:

 cos ecxdx
4
Solution 8:

Let I = 4 cos ecxdx
6
 cos ecxdx = log cos ecx − cot x = F ( x )

   
I = F −F 
4 6
   
= log cos ec − cot − log cos ec − cot
4 4 6 6
 2 −1 
= log 2 − 1 − log 2 − 3 = log  
 2− 3 
Question 9:
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
1 dx
0
1 − x2
Solution 9:
1 dx
Let I = 
0
1 − x2
dx
 = sin −1 x = F ( x )
1− x 2

I = F (1) – F (0)
= sin −1 (1) − sin −1 ( 0)

= −0
2

=
2
Question 10:
1 dx
 1+ x
0 2
Solution 10:
1 dx
Let I = 
0 1 + x2
dx
 1+ x 2
= tan −1 = F ( x )

I = F (1) – F (0)
= tan −1 (1) − tan −1 ( 0 )

=
4
Question 11:
3 dx
2 x −12
Solution 11:
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
3 dx
Let I = 
2 x −1
2
dx 1 x −1
x = log = F ( x)
−1 22
x +1
I =F (3) -F (2)
1 3 −1 2 −1  1  2 1
=  log − log  = log − log 
2 3 +1 2 +1  2  4 3
1 1 1
=  log − log 
2 2 3
1 3
=  log 
2 2
Question 12:


0
2
cos 2 xdx
Solution 12:

Let I =  2 cos 2 xdx
0
 1 + cos 2 x  x sin 2 x 1  sin 2 x 

 cosxdx =    dx = + = x+  = F ( x)
2
 2  2 4 2 2 
    1   sin    sin 0  
I =  F   − F ( 0 )  =  −  −0+ 
 2  2  2 2   2  
1  
=  + 0 − 0 − 0
22 

=
4
Question 13:
3 xdx
2 x2 + 1
Solution 13:
3 x
Let I =  dx
2 x +1
2
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
dx = log (1 + x 2 ) = F ( x )
x 1 2x 1
x +1
dx =  2
2
2 x +1 2
I = F (3) – F (2)
1
( ) (
= log 1 + ( 3) − log 1 + ( 2 ) 
2 
2 2
 )
1
= log (10 ) − log ( 5 ) 
2
1  10  1
= log   = log 2
2 5 2
Question 14:
1 2x + 3
0 5x2 + 1
dx
Solution 14:
1 2x + 3
Let I =  dx
0 5x2 + 1
2x + 3 1 5 ( 2 x + 3) 1 10 x + 15
 5x2
+1
dx = 
5 5x + 12
dx = 
5 5x2 + 1
dx
1 10 x 1
=  2 dx + 3 2 dx
5 5x + 1 5x + 1
dx = log ( 5x 2 + 1) + .
1 10 x 1 1 3 1 x
=  2 dx + 3 tan −1
5 5x + 1  1 5 5 1 1
5  x2 + 
 5 5 5
= log ( 5 x 2 + 1) +
1
5
3
5
( )
tan −1 5 x
= F ( x)
I = F (1) – F (0)
1
=  log ( 5 + 1) +
5
3
5
( )
 1
tan −1 5  −  log ( 5 + 1) +
 5
3
5

tan −1 ( 0 ) 

1 3
= log 6 + tan −1 5
5 5
Question 15:
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
1

2
xe x dx
0
Solution 15:
1
Let I =  xe x dx
2
Put x = t  2 xdx = dt
2
As x → 0, t → 0 and as x → 1, t → 1,
1 1 t
2 0
I = e dt
1 t 1
 e dt = et = F ( t )
2 2
I = F (1) – F (0)
1 1
= e − e0
2 2
1
= ( e − 1)
2
Question 16:
1 5x2
0 x2 + 4 x + 3
Solution 16:
5x2 2
Let I =  dx
1 x2 + 4 x + 3
Dividing 5x 2 by x2 + 4 x + 3 , we get
 20 x + 15 
2
I =  5 − 2 dx
1
x + 4x + 3 
20 x + 15
2 2
=  5dx −  2 dx
1 1
x + 4 x + 3
20 x + 15
2
= 5 x 1 − 
2
dx
1
x2 + 4 x + 3
20 x + 15
2
I = 5 − I1 , where I =  dx ... (1)
1
x2 + 4x + 3
20 x + 15
2
Consider I1 =  dx
1
x2 + 4 x + 8
Let 20 x + 15 = A ( x 2 + 4 x + 3) + B
d
dx
Top tutor.
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= 2 Ax + ( 4 A + B )
A = 10 and B = −25
Let x2 + 4 x + 3 = t
 ( 2x + 4) dx = dt
dt dx
 I1 = 10 − 25
( x + 2) −12
2
t
2
1  x + 2 − 1   1  x + 1 
( )
2
= 10 log t − 25  log    = 10log x 2
+ 4 x + 3  − 25  log  
2  x + 2 − 1    x + 3  1
1
2
1 3 1 2
= 10log15 − 10log8 − 25  log − log 
2 5 2 4
25
= 10 log ( 5  3) − 10 log ( 4  2 )  − log 3 − log 5 − log 2 + log 4 
2
25
= 10 log 5 + 10 log 3 − 10 log 4 − 10 log 2  − log 3 − log 5 − log 2 + log 4 
2
 25   25   25   25 
= 10 +  log 5 +  −10 −  log 4 + 10 −  log 3 +  −10 +  log2
 2  2  2  2
45 45 5 5
= log 5 = log 4 − log 3 + log 2
2 2 2 2
45 5 5 3
= log − log
2 4 2 2
Substituting the value of I1 in (1), we get
 45 5 5 3
I = 5 −  log − log 
2 4 2 2
5 5 3
= 5 − 9 log − log 
2 4 2
Question 17:

 ( 2sec x + x3 + 2 ) dx
4 2
0
Solution 17:

Let I =  4 ( 2sec2 x + x 3 + 2 ) dx
0
x4
 ( 2sec x + x3 + 2 ) dx = 2 tan x +
+ 2x = F ( x )
2
4
Top tutor.
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    1 
2
   
I = F   − F ( 0 ) =  2 tan +   + 2    − ( 2 tan 0 + 0 + 0 ) 
4  4 4 4   4  
 
 4 
= 2 tan + 5
+
4 4 2
  4
= 2+ +
2 1024
Question 18:
  2x 2 x
0  sin − cos  dx
 2 2
Solution 18:
 x x  x x
Let I =   sin 2 − cos 2  dx = −   cos 2 − sin 2  dx
0
 2 2 0
 2 2

= − cos xdx
0
 cos xdx = sin x = F ( x )

I = F ( ) − F ( 0 )
= sin  − sin 0
=0
Question 19:
2 6x + 3
0 x2 + 4
dx
Solution 19:
6x + 3 2
Let I =  dx
0 x2 + 4
6x + 3 2x +1
 x 2 + 4 dx = 3 x 2 + 4dx
2x 1
= 3 2 dx + 3 2 dx
x +4 x +4
= 3log ( x 2 + 4 ) + tan −1 = F ( 2 )
3 x
2 2
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
I = F ( 2) − F ( 0)
  2    0 
= 3log ( 22 + 4 ) + tan −1    − 3log ( 0 + 4 ) + tan −1   
3 3
 2  2   2  2 
3 3
= 3log 8 + tan −1 − 3log 4 − tan −1 0
2 2
3 
= 3log 8 +   − 3log 4 − 0
2 4 
 8  3
= 3log   +
4 8
3
= 3log 2 +
8
Question 20:
1  x
  xe + sin
x
 dx
0 4 
Solution 20:
1 x
Let I =   xe x + sin  dx
0
 4 
 x
 − cos 
 x
1 x   d  x 
0  xe + sin 4  dx = x  e dx −   dx x   e dx  dx +   4 
x
 
 4 
4 x
= xe x −  e x dx − cos
 4
4 x
= xe x − e x − cos
 4
= F ( x)
I = F (1) – F (0)
 4   4 
= 1.e1 − e1 − cos  −  0.e0 − e0 − cos 0 
  4   
4 1  4 4 2 2
= e−e−   +1+ = 1+ −
 2   
Question 21:
3 dx

1 1 + x2
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________

A.
3
2
B.
3

C.
6

D. equals
12
Solution 21:
dx
 1+ x 2
= tan −1 x = F ( x )

dx
1 1 + x 2 = F 3 − F (1) ( )
3
= tan −1 3 − tan −1 1
 
= −
3 4

=
12
Question 22:
2
dx
0
3
4 + 9 x2

A.
6

B.
12

C.
24

D. equals
4
Solution 22:
dx dx
 4 + 9x 2
=
( 2 ) + ( 3x )
2 2
Put 3x=t  3dx=dt
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
dx 1 dt
 = 
( 2 ) + ( 3x ) 3 ( 2 )2 + t 2
2 2
1 1 t
=  tan −1 
3 2 2
1  3x 
= tan −1  
6  2 
= F ( x)
2 dx 2
 3 4 + 9 x 2 = F  3  − F (0)
0
1 3 2 1
= tan −1  .  − tan −1 0
6 2 3 6
1
= tan −1 1 − 0
6
1 
= 
6 4

=
24
EXERCISE- 7.10
Question 1:
1 x

0 x +1
2
dx
Solution 1:
1x

0 x +1
dx
2
Put x2 + 1 = t  2xdx = dt
When x = 0, t = 1 and when x = 1, t = 2
1 x 1 2 dt
 2 dx = 
0 x +1 2 1 t
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
1 2
= log t 1
2
1
=  log 2 − log1
2
1
= log 2
2
Question 2:

0
2
sin  cos5  d
Solution 2:
 
Consider, I =  2 sin  cos5  d =  2 sin  cos 4  d
0 0
Let sin  = t  cos  d = dt


When  = 0, t = 0 and when  = ,t =1
2
t (1 − t 2 ) dt
1
I = 
0
1
=  t 2 (1 + t 4 − 2t 2 ) dt
1
1 
1 9 5
=  t 2 + t 2 − 2t 2 dt
 
0
1
 3 11 7 
 t 2 t 2 2t 2 
= + −
3 11 7 
 
2 2 2 0
2 2 4
= + −
3 11 7
154 + 42 − 132
=
231
64
=
231
Question 3:
1  2x 
 sin
−1
 2 
dx
0
 1+ x 
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
Solution 3:
1  2x 
Consider, I =  sin −1  2 
dx
0
 1+ x 
Let x = tanθ ⇒ dx = sec2 θ dθ

When x = 0, θ = 0 and when x = 1,  =
4

 2 tan   2
I =  4 sin −1   sec  d
 1 + tan  
0 2

=  4 sin −1 ( sin 2 ) sec 2  d
0

=  4 2 .sec 2  d
0

= 2 4  .sec 2  d
0
Taking u=θ and v=sec2 θ and integrating by parts, we get


  d   4
I = 2   sec 2  d −      sec 2  d  d 
  dx   0

= 2  tan  −  tan  d  4
 0

= 2  tan  + log cos   04
      1  
= 2  tan + log cos − log cos 0  = 2  + log   − log1
4 4 4  4  2 
 1 
= 2  − log 2 
 4 2 

= − log 2
2
Question 4:
x x + 2 ( Put x+2=t 2 )
2
0
Solution 4:
2
0
x x + 2 dx
Put, x + 2 = t2 ⇒ dx = 2tdt
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
(t − 2 ) t 2 2dt
2 2
  x x + 2dx =  2
0 2
(t − 2 )t 2 dt
2
= 2 2
2
= 2 ( t − 2t 2 )dt
2
2
2
2
 t 5 2t 3 
= 2 − 
5 3  2
 32 16 4 2 4 2   96 − 80 − 12 2 + 20 2  16 + 8 2 
= 2 − − +  = 2  = 2 
5 3 5 3   15   15 
=
16 2 + 2( )
15
=
16 2 ( 2 +1 )
15
Question 5:

sin x
0
2
1 + cos2 x
dx
Solution 5:

sin x
0
2
1 + cos2 x
dx
Put, cos x = t ⇒ −sinx dx = dt


When x = 0, t = 1 and when x = ,t = 0
2

sin x 0 dt
2 dx = − 
0 1 + cos x
2 1 1+ t2
0
= −  tan −1 t 
1
= −  tan 0 − tan −1 1

−1
 
= − − 
 4

=
4
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
Question 6:
2 dx
0 x + 4 − x2
Solution 6:
2 dx 2 dx
0 x+4− x 2
=
0
− ( x − x − 4)
2
dx 2 dx
=
2
=
0  1 1  0  1  17 
2
−  x2 − x + − − 4  −  x −  − 
 4 4 
 2 4 
2 dx
= 2
0
 17   1
2
  − x− 
 2   2
1
Let x- = t so dx=dt
2
1 3
when x=0, t=- and when x=2, t=
2 2
3
2 dx dt
 2
=  21 2
0
 17   1
2 −
2  17 
 −
  x −    −t
2
 2   2  2 
3
 2
 17  17 1 
+t
17 3
+ − 
1 
log
=  
1 2 2 2− 2 2
log  = log
 17  17 17  17 3 17 1 
 2  −t  − log + 
  2  2  − 1  2 2 2 2
2
1  17 + 3 17 − 1  1 17 + 3 17 + 1
= log − log = log 
17  17 − 3 17 + 1 17 17 − 3 17 − 1
1 17 + 3 + 4 17  1  20 + 4 17 
= log  = log  
17 17 + 3 − 4 17  17  20 − 4 17 
=
1  5 + 17  1
 5 + 17 5 + 17 
log  
( )( )
log   =
17  5 − 17  17  25 − 17 
 
1  25 + 17 + 10 17  1  42 + 10 17 
= log  = log  
17  8  17  8 
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
1  21 + 5 17 
= log  
17  4 
Question 7:
1 dx
1 x + 2x + 5
2
Solution 7:
1 dx 1 dx 1 dx
−1 x2 + 2x + 5 −1 ( x2 + 2x + 1) 4 −1 ( x −1)2 + ( 2)2
= =
Put, x + 1 = t ⇒ dx = dt
When x = −1, t = 0 and when x = 1, t = 2
1 dx 2 dt
−1 ( x −1) + ( 2) 0 t 2 + 22
2 2
=
2
1 t 1 1
=  tan −1  = tan −1 1 − tan −1 0
2 2 0 2 2
1  
=  =
2 4  8
Question 8:
2 1 1  2x
1  − 2  e dx
 x 2x 
Solution 8:
 1 1  2x
2
 − 2  e dx
 x 2x 
1
Put 2x = t ⇒ 2dx = dt
2 1 1  1 1 2 2 
   − 2  e2 x dx =   − 2  et dt
1
 x 2x  2 2 t t 
1 1 1
=   − 2 e x dt

2 t t 
1
Let = f (t )
t
1
Then,f ' ( t ) = −
t2
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
1 1 1
   − 2 e x dt =  et  f ( t ) + f ' ( t )  dt
1

2 t t  2
= et f ( t ) 
4
2
4
 2
=  et . 
 t 2
4
 et 
= 
 t 2
e4 e2
= −
4 2
e2 ( e2 − 2 )
=
4
Question 9:
1
1 (x − x ) 3 3
The value of the integral 

1
3 x4
dx is
A. 6
B. 0
C. 3
D. 4
Solution 9:
1
1(x − x )
3 3
Consider, I = 1 dx
3 x4
Let x = sin   dx = cos  d 
1 1 
When x = , = sin −1   and when x=1,  =
3 3 2
1

(sin  − sin 3  ) 3
 I =  2 −1  1  cos  d
sin  
 3
sin 4

1
( sin  ) 3 (1 − sin 2  )3
1 1 2

=  2 −1  1 

cos  d =  2 −1  1 
( sin  ) 3 ( cos  ) 3 cos  d
sin  
 3
sin 4  sin  
 3
sin 4 
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
1 2 5

=  2 −1  1 
( sin  ) 3 ( cos  ) 3 cos  d 
=  2 −1  1 
( cos  ) 3 cos ec 2 d
sin 2  sin 2  5
( sin  ) 3
 3  3
 5
=  2 −1  1  ( cot  ) 3 cos ec 2 d
sin  
 3
Put cotθ = t ⇒ −cosec2 θ dθ= dt

1 
When  = sin −1   , t = 2 2 and when  = , t = 0
 3 2
5
( t ) 3 dt
0
I = 
2 2
0
3 8 
= −  (t )3 
8 2 2
0
3  3 
( 8) 
8
( )
8
= − − 2 2 3  =  3
8 2 8 
2
3 4
= ( 8 ) 3 
8 
3
= 16
8
= 3 2
=6
Question 10:
If f ( x ) =  t sin tdt , then f ' ( x ) is
x
A. cos x + x sin x
B. x sin x
C. x cos x
D. sin x + x cos x
Solution 10:
f ( x ) =  t sin tdt
x

x  d  
f ( x ) = t  sin tdt −   t   sin tdt  dt
x
0 0
 dt  
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
= t ( − cos t ) 0 −  ( − cot t ) dt

x x
=  −t cos t + sin t 0
x
= − x cos x + sin x
 f ' ( x ) = − x ( − sin x ) + cos x  + cos x
= x sin x − cos x + cos x
= x sin x
EXERCISE- 7.11
Question 1:

0
2
cos 2 xdx
Solution 1:

I =  2 cos 2 xdx ... (1)
0
( )

 
f ( x ) dx =  f ( a − x ) dx
0 0
 I =  2 cos 2  − x  dx
0
2  0 0

 I =  2 sin 2 xdx ... ( 2 )
0
Adding (1) and (2), we get


2 I =  2 ( sin 2 x + cos 2 x )dx
0

 2 I =  2 1.dx
0

 2 I =  x 02

 2I =
2

I=
4
Question 2:

sin x
0
2
sin x + cos x
dx
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
Solution 2:

sin x
0
2
sin x + cos x
dx

sin x
Consider, I =  2 dx ... (1)
0
sin x + cos x
 
sin  − x 
( )

2 
f ( x ) dx =  f ( a − x ) dx
a a
 I = 2 dx
0
    0 0
sin  − x  + cos  − x 
2  2 

cos
 I =2 dx ... ( 2 )
cos + sin x
0


sin x + cos x
2I =  2 dx
0
sin x + cos x

 2 I =  2 1.dx
0

 2 I =  x 02

 2I =
2

I=
4
Question 3:
3
 2
sin xdx
0
2
3 3
dx
sin x + cos x
2 2
Solution 3:
3

sin 2 xdx
Let I =  2 3 3
dx ... (1)
0
sin x + cos x 2 2
 
3
sin 2  − x 
( )

 I = 2 2  dx
a
f ( x ) dx =  f ( a − x ) dx
a
0
2 
3
  2 
3
  0 0
sin  − x  + cos  − x 
2  2 
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
3

cos 2 x
 I =2 3 3
dx ... ( 2 )
0
sin x + cos x 2 2

3 3

sin 2 + cos 2 x
2I =  2 3 3
dx
0
sin x + cos x
2 2
 
 2 I =  2 1.dx  2I =  x02
0
 
 2I = I=
2 4
Question 4:

cos5 xdx
0
2
sin 5 x + cos5 x
dx
Solution 4:

cos5 xdx
Consider, I =  2 dx ... (1)
0 sin 5 x + cos5 x
 
cos5  − x 
( )

 I = 2 2  dx
a
f ( x ) dx =  f ( a − x ) dx
a
5   5 
0 0 0
sin  − x  + cos  − x 
2  2 

sin 5 x
 I = 2 dx ... ( 2 )
0 sin 5 x + cos5 x


sin 5 x + cos5 x
2I =  2 dx
0 sin 5 x + cos5 x
 
 2 I =  2 1.dx  2I =  x02
0
 
 2I = I=
2 4
Question 5:
5
−5
x + 2 dx
Solution 5:
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
5
Let I =  x + 2 dx
−5
As, (x + 2) ≤ 0 on [−5, −2] and (x + 2) ≥ 0 on [−2, 5].

−2
  − ( x + 2 ) dx + 
5
5
−2
( x + 2 ) dx (
a
b
f ( x) =  f ( x) +  f ( x)
c
a
b
c )
−2 5
 x2   x2 
I = −  + 2x +  + 2x
2  −5  2  −2
 ( −2 )2 ( −5 )
2
  ( 5 )2 ( −2 )
2

= − + 2 ( −2 ) − − 2 ( −5 )  +  + 2 (5) − − 2 ( −2 ) 
 2 2   2 2 
 25   25 
= −  2 − 4 − + 10 +  + 10 − 2 + 4
 2  2 
25 25
= −2 + 4 + − 10 + + 10 − 2 + 4
2 2
= 29
Question 6:
8
2
x − 5 dx
Solution 6:
8
Consider, I =  x − 5 dx
2
As (x − 5) ≤ 0 on [2, 5] and (x − 5) ≥ 0 on [5, 8].

I =  − ( x − 5 ) dx +  ( x − 5 ) dx
2
5
2
8
(
a
b
f ( x) =  f ( x) +  f ( x)
c
a
b
c )
5 8
 x2   x2 
= −  − 5x +  − 5x
2 2  2 5
 25   25 
= −  − 25 − 2 + 10  + 32 − 40 − + 25 = 9
2   2 
Question 7:
 x (1 − x )
1 n
dx
0
Solution 7:
Consider, I =  x (1 − x ) dx
1 n
0
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
 I =  (1 − x ) (1 − (1 − x ) ) dx
1 n
=  (1 − x )( x ) dx =  ( xn − xn+1 ) dx
1 n 1
0 0
( )
1
 1 1   x n +1 x n + 2 
f ( x ) dx =  f ( a − x ) dx
a a
= − = − 
 n + 1 n + 2   n + 1 n + 2  0 1 0
=
( n + 2 ) − ( n + 1) = 1
( n + 1)( n + 2 ) ( n + 1)( n + 2 )
Question 8:

 4
log (1 + tan x ) dx
0
Solution 8:

Let I =  4 log (1 + tan x ) dx ... (1)
0
( )

  
f ( x ) dx =  f ( a − x ) dx
a a
 I =  4 log 1 + tan  − x   dx
0
 4  0 0
  
  tan − tan x 
 I =  4 log 1 + 4
dx
 1 + tan  tan x 
0
 4 
 
 1 − tan x  2
 I =  4 log 1 +  dx  I =  4
log dx
0
 1 + tan x  0
(1 + tan x )
 
 I =  4 log 2dx −  4 log (1 + tan x ) dx
0 0

 I =  4 log 2dx − I  From (1) 
0

 2 I =  x log 204

 2I = log 2
4

I= log 2
8
Question 9:
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
2
0
x 2 − xdx
Solution 9:
2
Consider, I =  x 2 − xdx
0
I =  ( 2 − x ) xdx
0
2
( 0
a
f ( x ) dx =  f ( a − x ) dx
a
0 )
2
  3  5 
2
1 3
   x2  x2 
=  2x 2 − x 2  dx =  2  − 5 
    3 
0

  2  2  0
2
4 3 2 5  4 3
2 5
=  x 2 − x 2  = ( 2) 2 − ( 2) 2
3 5 0 3 5
4 2 2 2 8 2 8 2
= − 4 2 = −
3 5 3 5
40 2 − 24 2 16 2
= =
15 15
Question 10:

 ( 2 log sin x − log sin 2 x ) dx

0
2
Solution 10:

Consider, I =  2 ( 2 log sin x − log sin 2 x ) dx
0

 I =  2 2 log sin x − log ( 2sin x cos x ) dx
0

 I =  2 2 log sin x − log sin x − log cos x − log 2dx
0

 I =  2 log sin x − log cos x − log 2 dx ... (1)
0
Since, ( 0
a
f ( x ) dx =  f ( a − x ) dx
a
0 )

 I =  2 log cos x − log sin x − log 2 dx ... ( 2 )
0


2 I =  2 ( − log 2 − log 2 ) dx
0
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________

 2 I = −2 log 2  2 1.dx
0
 
 I = − log 2  
2

I= ( − log 2 )
2
1 
I=  log 
2 2
 1
 I = log
2 2
Question 11:

  sin
2 2
− xdx
2
Solution 11:

Let I = −2 sin 2 xdx
2
As sin (−x) = (sin (−x))2 = (−sin x)2 = sin2 x, therefore, sin2 x is an even function.
2
f ( x ) dx = 2 f ( x ) dx
a a
If f(x) is an even function, then  −a 0
 
1 − cos 2 x
I = 2  2 sin 2 xdx = 2 2 dx
0 0 2


 sin 2 x  2 
=  2 (1 − cos 2x ) dx =  x − =
0
 2  0 2
Question 12:
 xdx
0 1 + sin x
Solution 12:
 xdx
Let I =  ... (1)
0 1 + sin x
I =
 ( − x ) dx
(
0 1 + sin x  − x
) ( 0
a
f ( x ) dx =  f ( a − x ) dx
a
0 )
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
I =
 ( − x ) dx
... ( 2 )
1 + sin x
0

 
2I =  dx
0 1 + sin x
 2I =  
 (1 − sin x ) dx
( )(
0 1 + sin x 1 − sin x
)
1 − sin x
 sec x − tan x sec xdx
 
 2I =   dx  2I =  2
0 cos 2 x 0
 2I =   2  I = 
Question 13:

  sin
2 7
xdx
−
2
Solution 13:

Let I =  2 sin 7 xdx ... (1)
−
2
As sin (−x) = (sin (−x))7 = (−sin x)7 = −sin7 x, thus, sin2 x is an odd function.
7
 f ( x ) dx = 0
a
f(x) is an odd function, then
−a

 I =  2 sin 7 xdx = 0
−
2
Question 14:
2
0
cos5 xdx
Solution 14:
2
Let I =  cos5 xdx ... (1)
0
cos5 ( 2 − x ) = cos5 x
We know that,
f ( x ) dx = 2 f ( x ) dx, if f ( 2a − x ) = f ( x )
2a a
0 0
= 0 if f ( 2a − x ) = − f ( x )
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
2
 I = 2 cos5 xdx
0
 I = 2 ( 0) = 0 cos5 ( − x ) = − cos5 x 
Question 15:

sin x − cos x
0
2
1 + sin x cos x
dx
Solution 15:

sin x − cos x
Consider, I =  2 dx ... (1)
1 + sin x cos x
0
   
 sin  − x  − cos  − x 
 I =2
0
2



2

1 + sin  − x  cos  − x 
 dx
 ( 0
a
f ( x ) dx =  f ( a − x ) dx
a
0 )
2  2 

cos x − sin x
I =2 dx ... ( 2 )
0 1 + sin x cos x


0
 2I =  2 dx  I = 0
0 1 + sin x cos x
Question 16:

 log (1 + cos x ) dx
0
Solution 16:

Consider, I =  log (1 + cos x ) dx ... (1)
0
 I =  log (1 + cos ( − x ) ) dx

0 ( 0
a
f ( x ) dx =  f ( a − x ) dx
a
0 )

 I =  log (1 − cos x ) dx ... ( 2)
0

log (1 − cos x ) + log (1 − cos x ) dx

2I = 
0
 2 I =  log (1 − cos 2 x ) dx

Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________

 2 I =  log sin 2 xdx
0

 2 I = 2  log sin xdx
0

 I =  logsin xdx ... ( 3)
0
sin (π − x) = sin x

 I =  2 log sin xdx ... ( 4 )
0
 
 
 I = 2 log sin  − x  dx = 2 2 log cos xdx
2
... ( 5 )
2 0
 0


2 I =  2 ( log sin x + log cos x ) dx
0

 I =  2 ( log sin x + log cos x + log 2 − log 2 ) dx
0

 I =  2 ( log 2sin x cos x − log 2 ) dx
0
 
 I =  log sin 2 xdx −  2 log 2dx
2
0 0
Put, 2x = t ⇒ 2dx = dt
When x = 0, t = 0
1 a 
I = 
2 0
log sin tdt − log 2
2
1 
 I = − log 2
2 2
I 
 = − log 2
2 2
 I = − log 2
Question 17:
a x
0
x + a−x
dx
Solution 17:
x
... (1)
a
Let I =  dx
0
x + a−x
We know that, (
0
a
f ( x ) dx =  f ( a − x ) dx
a
0 )
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
a−x
... ( 2 )
a
I = dx
a−x + x
0

a x + a−x
2I =  dx
0
x + a−x
a
 2 I =  1.dx
0
 2 I =  x 0
a
 2I = a
a
I=
2
Question 18:
4
0
x −1 dx
Solution 18:
4
I =  x − 1 dx
0
Since, (x − 1) ≤ 0 when 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 and (x − 1) ≥ 0 when 1 ≤ x ≤ 4

1
I =  x − 1 dx +  x − 1 dx
0
4
1 (
a
b
f ( x) =  f ( x) +  f ( x)
c
a
b
c )
I =  − ( x − 1) dx +  ( x − 1) dx
1 4
0 0
1 ( 4)
1 4 2
 x2   x2  1
=  x −  +  − x = 1 − + − 4 − +1
 2 0  2 1 2 2 2
1 1
= 1− + 8 − 4 − +1
2 2
=5
Question 19:
 f ( x ) g ( x ) dx = 2 f ( x ) dx , if f and g are defined as f (x) = f (a – x) and g (x) + g
a a
Show that
0 0
(a – x) = 4
Solution 19:
 f ( x ) g ( x ) dx ... (1)
a
Let
0
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
  f ( a − x ) g ( a − x ) dx
0
a
( a
0
f ( x ) dx =  f ( a − x ) dx
a
0 )
  f ( x ) g ( a − x ) dx ... ( 2)
a

 f ( x ) g ( x ) + f ( x ) g ( a − x ) dx
a
2I = 
0
 2 I =  f ( x )  g ( x ) + g ( a − x ) dx
a
 2 I =  f ( x )  4dx  g ( x ) + g ( a − x ) = 4 
a
 I = 2 f ( x ) dx
a
Question 20:

  (x + x cos x + tan 5 x + 1) dx is
2 3
The value of
−
2
A. 0
B. 2
C. π
D. 1
Solution 20:

  (x + x cos x + tan 5 x + 1) dx
2 3
Consider,
−
2
   
 I =   x dx +   cos xdx +   tan xdx +  2 1.dx
2 3 2 2 5
− − − −
2 2 2 2
f ( x ) dx = 2 f ( x ) dx
a a
For f ( x ) an even function, then −a 0
 f ( x ) dx = 0
a
if f ( x ) is an odd function, then
−a
and

I = 0 + 0 + 0 + 2  2 1.dx
−a

= 2  x 2
0
2
=
0
=
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
Question 21:

 4 + 3sin x 
The value of 0
2
  dx is
 4 + 3cos x 
A. 2
3
B.
4
C. 0
D. -2
Solution 21:

 4 + 3sin x 
Let I = 
0
2
  dx
 4 + 3cos x 
…(1)
  
 4 + 3sin  2 − x  
( )

 I = 2   dx a
f ( x ) dx =  f ( a − x ) dx
a
0 
 4 + 3cos  − x   0 0
  
2 

 4 + 3cos x 
 I =  2 log   dx ... ( 2 )
0
 4 + 3sin x 

  4 + 3sin x   4 + 3cos x  
2 I =  2 log   + log   dx
0
  4 + 3cos x   4 + 3sin x  

 4 + 3sin x 4 + 3cos x 
 2I =  2   dx
0
 4 + 3cos x 4 + 3sin x 

 2 I =  2 log1dx
0

 2 I =  2 0dx
0
I =0
Miscellaneous Exercise
Question 1:
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
1
x − x3
Solution 1:
1 1 1
= =
x−x x (1 − x ) x (1 − x )(1 + x )
3 2
1 A B C
Let = + + ... (1)
x (1 − x )(1 + x ) x (1 − x ) 1 + x
 1 = A (1 − x 2 ) + Bx (1 + x ) + Cx (1 − x )
 1 = A − Ax 2 + Bx + Bx 2 + Cx − Cx 2
−A + B − C = 0
B+C=0
A=1
1 1
A = 1, B = , and C = −
2 2
1 1 1 1
= + +
x (1 − x )(1 + x ) x 2 (1 − x ) 2 (1 + x )
1 1 1 1 1 1
 dx =  dx +  dx −  dx
x (1 − x )(1 + x ) x 2 (1 − x ) 2 (1 + x )
1 1
= log x − log (1 − x ) − log (1 + x )
2 2
1 1
x
= log x − log (1 − x ) 2 − log (1 + x ) 2 = log 1 1
+C
(1 − x ) (1 + x ) 2
2
1
 x2  2 1 x2
= log  2 
+ C = log +C
 1− x  2 1 − x2
Question 2:
1
x+a + ( x + b)
Solution 2:
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
1 1 x+a − x+b
= 
x+a + ( x + b) x+a + x+b x+a − x+b
=
x+a − x+b
=
( x+a − x+b )
( x + a) − ( x − b) a −b

x+a +
1
( x + b)
dx =
1
a −b 
( )
x + a − x + b dx
 3 3 
1  ( x + a ) −(
2 x + b ) 2  = 2  x + a 32 − x + b 32  + C
=  3 3  3 ( a − b ) 
( ) ( ) 
( a − b)   
 2 2 
Question 3:
1  a
 Hint: x= t 
x ax − x 2
Solution 3:
1
x ax − x 2
a a
Let x =  dx = − 2 dh
t t
1 1  a 
 dx =  −  − 2 dt 
x ax − x 2 a a  t 
2
a
a. −  
t t t
1 1 1 1
= − . dt = −  dt
at 1 1 a t 2
t 2
− −
t t2 t t2
1 1
=−  dt
a t −1
1
= −  2 t − 1  + C
a
1 a 
= − 2 − 1 + C
a x 
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
2 a−x 
= −  +C
a x 
2 a−x 
= −  +C
a x 
Question 4:
1
3
x 2 ( x 4 + 1) 4
Solution 4:
1
3
x 2
(x 4
+ 1) 4
Multiplying and dividing by x −3 , we get

−3
x −3
=
x −3
(x 4
+ 1) 4
3
x − x −3
2
x .x2 −3
(x 4
+ 1) 4
−3
(x + 1) 4
3
4 −
1  x4 + 1  4
= 3
= 5 4 
x .( x )
5 4 −4 x  x 
3
−
1  1  4
= 5 1 + 4 
x  x 
1 4 1 dt
Let 4 = t  − 5 dx = dt  5 dx = −
x x x 4
3
−
1 1 1  1 3
(1 + t ) 4 dt
4 −
 dx =  5 1 + 4  dx = − 
3
x  x 
x 2 ( x 4 + 1) 4
4
 1   1 4
+
1  x 4 
 1
1  (1 + t ) 4 
=−   + C = − +C
4 1  4 1
 4  4
1
 1 4
= − 1 + 4  + C
 x 
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
Question 5:
 
 
1  Hint: 1 = 1
Put x = t 6
1 1  1 1 1
 1
 
x +x
2 3
 x 2 + x 3 x 3 1 + x 6  
   
Solution 5:
1 1
=
1 1

1 1

x +x
2 3
x 1 + x 6 
3
 
Let x = t 6  dx = 6t 5dt
1 1 6t 5
 dx =  dx =  dt
1 1 1
 1
 t 2 (1 + t )
x + x3
2
x 3 1 + x 6 
 
t3
= 6 dt
(1 + t )
On dividing, we get
 2 1 
 1 1 dx = 6 ( t − t + 1) − 1 + t  dt
1
x2 + x3
 t 3   t 2  
= 6   −   + t − log 1 + t 
 3   2  
1 1 1
 1

= 2 x 2 − 3x 3 + 6 x 6 − 6log 1 + x 6  + C
 
1 1
 1

= 2 x − 3x 3 + 6 x 6 − 6log 1 − x 6  + C
 
Question 6:
5x
( x + 1) ( x2 + 9)
Solution 6:
5x A Bx + C
Consider, = + 2 ... (1)
( x + 1) ( x + 9) ( x + 1) ( x + 9)
2
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
 5 x = A ( x 2 + 9 ) + ( Bx + C )( x + 1)
 5 x = Ax 2 + 9 A + Bx 2 + Bx + Cx + C
A+B=0
B+C=5
9A + C = 0
1 1 9
A = − , B = , and C =
2 2 2
x 9
+
5x −1 2 2
= +
( )
( x + 1) x 2 + 9 2 ( x + 1) x 2 + 9( )
5x  −1 ( x + 9 ) dx
 ( x + 1) ( x2 + 9)  2 ( x + 1) 2 ( x2 + 9) 
dx =  +
 
1 1 x 9 1 1 1 2x 9 1
= − log x + 1 +  2 dx +  2 dx = − log x + 1 +  2 dx +  2 dx
2 2 x +9 2 x +9 2 4 x +9 2 x +9
1 1 9 1 x
= − log x + 1 + log x 2 + 9 + . tan −1
2 4 2 3 3
1 1
4
( 3
2
x
)
= − log x + 1 + log x 2 + 9 + tan −1 + C
2 3
Question 7:
sin x
sin ( x − a )
Solution 7:
sin x
sin ( x − a )
Put, x − a = t ⇒ dx = dt
sin x sin ( t + a )
 sin ( x − a )dx =  sin t dt
sin t cos a + cos t sin a
= dt =  ( cos a + cot t sin a ) dt
sin t
= t cos a + sin a log sin t + C1
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
= ( x − a ) cos a + sin a log sin ( x − a ) + C1

= x cos a + sin a log sin ( x − a ) − a cos a + C1
= sin a log sin ( x − a ) + x cos a + C
Question 8:
e5log x − e4log x
e3log x − e2log x
Solution 8:
e5log x − e 4log x e
=
4log x
( elog x − 1)
e3log x − e 2log x e 2log x ( elog x − 1)
= e 2log x
= e log x
2
= x2
e5log x − e4log x x3
  3log x 2log x dx =  x 2 dx = + C
e −e 3
Question 9:
cos x
4 − sin 2 x
Solution 9:
cos x
4 − sin 2 x
Put, sin x = t ⇒ cos x dx = dt
cos x dt
 dx = 
4 − sin x ( 2) − (t )
2 2 2
t
= sin −1   + C
2
 sin x 
= sin −1  +C
 2 
Question 10:
sin 8 x − cos8 x
1 − 2sin 2 x cos 2 x
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
Solution 10:
sin 8 x − cos8 x
=
( sin 4 x − cos 4 x )( sin 4 x − cos 4 x )
1 − 2sin 2 x cos 2 x sin 2 x cos 2 x − sin 2 x cos 2 x − sin 2 x cos 2 x
=
( sin x − cos x )( sin x − cos x )(sin x − cos x )
4 4 2 2 2 2
( sin x − sin x cos x ) + ( cos x − sin x cos x )

2 2 2 2 2 2
=
( sin x + cos x )( sin x − cos x )
4 4 2 2
sin x (1 − cos x ) + cos x (1 − sin x )

2 2 2 2
− ( sin x + cos x )( cos x − sin x )

4 4 2 2
=
( sin x + cos x )
4 4
= − cos 2 x
sin 8 x − cos8 x sin 2 x
 dx =  − cos 2 xdx = − +C
1 − 2sin x cos x
2 2
2
Question 11:
1
cos ( x + a ) cos ( x + b )
Solution 11:
1
cos ( x + a ) cos ( x + b )
Multiplying and dividing by sin (a – b), we get
1  sin ( a − b ) 
 
sin ( a − b )  cos ( x + a ) cos ( x + b ) 
1  sin ( x + a ) − ( x + b )  
=  
sin ( a − b )  cos ( x + a ) cos ( x + b ) 
1  sin ( x + a ) .cos ( x + b ) − cos ( x + a ) sin ( x + b ) 

=  
1  sin ( x + a ) sin ( x + b ) 
=  − 
1
=  tan ( x + a ) − tan ( x + b ) 
sin ( a − b ) 
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
1 1
 cos ( x + a ) cos ( x + b ) dx = sin ( a − b )   tan ( x + a ) − tan ( x + b ) dx
1
=  − log cos ( x − a ) + log cos ( x + b )  + C
sin ( a − b ) 
1 cos ( x + b )
= log +C
sin ( a − b ) cos ( x + a )
Question 12:
x3
1 − x8
Solution 12:
x3
1 − x8
Put, x4 = t ⇒ 4x3 dx = dt
x3 1 dt
 dx = 
1 − x8 4 1− t2
1
= sin −1 t + C
4
= sin −1 ( x 4 ) + C
1
4
Question 13:
ex
(1 + e )( 2 + e )
x x
Solution 13:
ex
(1 + e )( 2 + e )
x x
Put, ex = t ⇒ ex dx = dt
ex dt
 dx = 
(1 + e )( 2 + e )
x x
( t + 1)( t + 2 )
 1 1 
=  −  dt
 ( t + 1) ( t + 2 ) 
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
= log t + 1 − log t + 2 + C
t +1
= log +C
t+2
1 + ex
= log +C
2 + ex
Question 14:
1
(x 2
+ 1)( x 2 + 4 )
Solution 14:
1 Ax + B Cx + D
 = +
(x 2
+ 1)( x + 4 )
2
( x2 + 1) ( x2 + 4)
 1 = ( Ax + B ) ( x 2 + 4 ) + ( Cx + D ) ( x 2 + 1)
 1 = Ax3 + 4 Ax + Bx 2 + 4 B + Cx 3 + Cx + Dx 2 + D
Equating the coefficients of x3, x2, x, and constant term, we get
A+C=0
B+D=0
4A + C = 0
4B + D = 1
1 1
A = 0, B = , C = 0 and D=-
3 3
1 1 1
= −
( )(
x +1 x + 4 3 x +1 3 x + 4
2 2 2
) (
2
) ( )
1 1 1 1 1
 (x 2
+ 1)( x + 4 )
2
dx = 
3 x +1
2
dx −  2 dx
3 x +4
1 1 1 x
= tan −1 x − . tan −1 + C
3 3 2 2
1 1 x
= tan −1 x − tan −1 + C
3 6 2
Question 15:
cos3 xelogsin x
Solution 15:
cos3 xelogsin x = cos3 x × sin x
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
Let cos x = t ⇒ −sin x dx = dt

  cos3 xelogsin x dx =  cos3 x sin xdx
= −  t.dt
t4
= − +C
4
cos 4 x
=− +C
4
Question 16:
e3log x = ( x 4 + 1)
−1
Solution 16:
x3
e3log x = ( x 4 + 1) = elog x ( x 4 + 1) =
−1 3 −1
( x 4 + 1)
Let x 4 + 1 = t  4 x 3dx = dt
x3
  e3log x = ( x 4 + 1) dx = 
−1
dx
( x4 + 1)
1 dt
4 t
=
1
= log t + C
4
1
= log x 4 + 1 + C
4
= log ( x 4 + 1) + C
1
4
Question 17:
f ' ( ax + b )  f ( ax + b ) 
n
Solution 17:
f ' ( ax + b )  f ( ax + b ) 
n
Put, f ( ax + b ) = t  a f ' ( ax + b ) dx = dt
1 n
  f ' ( ax + b )  f ( ax + b )  dx =
a
n
t dt
1  t n +1  1
( f ( ax + b ) ) + C
n +1
=   =
a  n + 1 a ( n + 1)
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
Question 18:
1
sin x sin ( x +  )
3
Solution 18:
1 1
=
sin 3 x sin ( x +  ) sin 3 x ( sin x cos  + cos x sin  )
1
=
sin x cos  + sin 3 x cos x sin 
4
1 cos ec 2 x
= 2 =
sin x cos  + cot x sin  cos  + cot x sin 
Put, cos  + cot x sin  = t  − cos ec2 x sin  dx = dt

1 cos ec 2 x
 dx =  dx.
sin 3 x sin ( x +  ) cos  + cot x sin 
−1 dt
=
sin   t
−1 2 t  + C
=  
sin 
−1  2 cos  + cot x sin   + C
=  
sin 
−2 cos x sin 
= cos  + +C
sin  sin x
−2 sin x cos  + cos x sin  −2 sin ( x +  )
= +C = +C
sin  sin x sin  sin x
Question 19:
sin −1 x − cos −1 x
, x   0,1
sin −1 x + cos −1 x
Solution 19:
sin −1 x − cos −1 x
Let I =  dx
sin −1 x + cos −1 x

As we know that, sin −1 x + cos −1 x =
2
Top tutor.
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 −1 
 − cos x  − cos −1 x
I = 
2
dx

2
2  
   2
= − 2cos −1 x  dx

2  4
= .  1.dx −  cos −1 xdx
 2 
4
= x −  cos −1 xdx ... (1)

Let I1 =  cos −1 xdx
Also. let x = t  dx = 2t dt
 I1 = 2 cos −1t.t dt
 −1 t 2 −1 t 2 
= 2 cos t. −  . dt 
 2 1− t2 2 
t2
= t 2 cos −1 t +  dt
1− t2
1− t 2 −1
= t 2 cos −1 t −  dt
1− t2
1
= t 2 cos −1 t −  1 − t 2 dt +  dt
1− t2
1 1
= t 2 cos −1 t − 1 − t 2 − sin −1 t + sin −1 t
2 2
1 1
= t 2 cos −1 t − 1 − t 2 + sin −1 t
2 2
4 t 1 
I = x − t 2 cos −1 t − 1 − t 2 + sin −1 t 
 2 2 
4 −1 x 1 
= x−  x cos x− 1 − x + sin −1 x 
 2 2 
4   −1  x − x2  
= x−  
x − sin x  − + sin −1 x 
   2  2 2 
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
4x 2 2
= x − 2x + sin −1 x + x − x2 − sin −1 x
  
2 2
= −x +  ( 2 x − 1) sin −1 x  + x − x 2 + C
 
2 ( 2 x − 1) −1 2
= sin x+ x − x2 − x + C
 
Question 20:
1− x
1+ x
Solution 20:
1− x
I= dx
1+ x
Put, x = cos 2   dx = −2sin  cos  d

2sin 2
1 − cos 
I= ( −2sin  cos  ) d = −  2 sin 2 d
1 + cos  2
2 cos
2

 sin
= −  tan .2sin cos  d = −2 2  2sin  cos   cos  d
2   2 2

cos
2

= −4 sin 2 cos  d
2
   
= −4 sin 2 .  2 cos 2 − 1 d
2  2 
   
= −4  2sin 2 cos 2 − sin 2 d
 2 2 2
  
= −8 sin 2 d + 4 sin 2 d
.cos 2
2 2 2
 
= −2  sin 2 d + 4  sin 2 d
2 2
 1 − cos 2  1 − cos 
= −2    d + 4  d
 2  2
 sin 2   sin  
= −2  −  + 4 − +C
2 4  2 2 
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
sin 2
= − + + 2 − 2sin  + C
2
sin 2
= + + 2sin  + C
2
2sin  cos 
= + − 2sin  + C
2
=  + 1 − cos 2  .cos  − 2 1 − cos 2  + C
= cos −1 x + 1 − x . x − 2 1 − x + C
= −2 1 − x + cos −1 x + x (1 − x ) + C
= −2 1 − x + cos −1 x + x − x 2 + C
Question 21:
2 + sin 2 x x
e
1 + cos 2 x
Solution 21:
 2 + sin 2 x  x
I =  e
 1 + cos 2 x 
 2 + 2sin x cos x  x
=  e
 2 cos 2 x 
 1 + sin x cos x  x
=  e
 cos 2 x 
=  ( sec2 x + tan x )e x
Let f ( x ) = tan x  f ' ( x ) = sec2 x
 I =  ( f ( x ) + f ' ( x ) )e x dx
= ex f ( x ) + C
= e x tan x + C
Question 22:
x2 + x + 1
( x + 1) ( x + 2 )
2
Solution 22:
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
x2 + x + 1 A B C
Let = + + ... (1)
( x + 1) ( x + 2 )
2
( x + 1) ( x + 1) ( x + 2 )
2
 x 2 + x + 1 = A ( x + 1)( x + 2 ) + B ( x + 2 ) + C ( x 2 + 2 x + 1)
 x 2 + x + 1 = A ( x 2 + 3x + 2 ) + B ( x + 2 ) + C ( x 2 + 2 x + 1)
 x 2 + x + 1 = ( A + C ) x 2 + ( 3 A + B + 2C ) x + ( 2 A + 2 B + C )
A+C=1
3A + B + 2C = 1
2A + 2B + C = 1
A = −2, B = 1, and C = 3
x2 + x + 1 −2 3 1
= + +
( x + 1) ( x + 2 )
2
( x + 1) ( x + 2 ) ( x + 1)2
x2 + x + 1 1 1 1
 ( x + 1) ( x + 2) dx = −2 x + 1 dx + 3 ( x + 2) dx +  ( x + 1) dx
2 2
1
= −2 log x + 1 + 3log x + 2 − +C
( x + 1)
Question 23:
1− x
tan −1
1+ x
Solution 23:
1− x
I= tan −1 dx
1+ x
Let x = cos   dx = − sin  d
1 − cos 
I =  tan −1 − ( sin  d )
1 + cos 

2sin 2
= −  tan −1 2 sin  d = − tan −1 tan  .sin  d
  2
2 cos 2
2
1 1
= −   .sin  d = −  . ( − cos  ) −  1. ( − cos  ) d 
2 2 
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
1
=−  − cos  + sin  
2
1 1
= +  cos  − sin 
2 2
1 1 x 1
= cos −1 x.x − 1 − x 2 + C = cos −1 − 1 − x2 + C
2 2 2 2
=
1
2
(
x cos −1 x − 1 − x 2 + C )
Question 24:
x 2 + 1 log ( x 2 + 1) − 2log x 
x4
Solution 24:
x 2 + 1 log ( x 2 + 1) − 2log x  x2 + 1
= log ( x 2 + 1) − log x 2 
x4 x 4  
x2 + 1   x2 + 1 
= log  
x4   x2 
x2 + 1  1 
= log 1 + 2 
 x 
4
x
1 x2 + 1  1 
= 3 log 1 + 2 
 x 
2
x x
1 1  1 
= 1 + 2 log 1 + 2 
 x 
3
x x
1 −2
Let 1 + 2 = t  3 dx = dt
x x
1 1  1 
 I =  3 1 + 2 log 1 + 2  dx
x x  x 
1 1 12
= −  t log tdt = −  t .log tdt
2 2
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
1 1
 d  2  
1
I = − log t. t .dt −  log t   t dt  dt 
2
2   dt   
 3 3 
1  t 2
1 t2 
= − log t. −  . dt 
2 3 t 3 
 2 2 
1 2 3
2 1 
= −  t 2 log t −  t 2 dt 
2 3 3 
1 2 3 4 3
= −  t 2 log t − t 2 
2 3 9 
1 3 2 3
= − t 2 log t + t 2
3 9
1 3
2
= − t 2 log t − 
3  3
3
1 1 2   1  2
= − 1 + 2  log  1 + 2  −  + C
3 x    x  3
Question 25:
  1 − sin x 
 e
x
  dx
2  1 − cos x 
Solution 25:
  1 − sin x 
I =  e x   dx
2  1 − cos x 
 x x  x 
 1 − 2sin cos  
cos ec 2

=  e  2 − cot  dx
x
2 2 dx =
2
x
x    
2  2sin 2   2 2
 2   
x
Let f ( x ) = − cot
2
 1 x 1 x
 f ' ( x ) = −  − cos ec 2  = cos ec 2
 2 2 2 2
 I =  e x ( f ( x ) + f ' ( x ) )dx

2

= e x . f ( x ) dx  
2
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________

 x
= − e x .cot 
 2 
2

  
= − e x  cot − e 2  cot 
 2 4

 
= − e  0 − e 2  1
 

= e2
Question 26:

sin x cos x
0
4
cos 4 x + sin 4 x
dx
Solution 26:

sin x cos x
Let I =  4 dx
0 cos 4 x + sin 4 x
(sin x cos x)

 I = 4 cos 4 x dx
0
( cos4 x + sin 4 x )
cos 4 x

tan x sec2 x
I = 4
dx
 1 + tan 4 x
Put, tan 2 x = t  2 tan x sec2 xdx = dt


When x = 0, t = 0 and when x = , t = 1
4
1 4 dt 1
I = 
1
. =  tan −1 t 
2 0 1+ t 2
2 0
1
=  tan −1 − tan −1 0 
2
1  
=  
24

=
8
Question 27:
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________

cos 2 xdx
0
2
cos 2 x + 4sin 2 x
Solution 27:

cos 2 x
Consider, I =  2 dx
0 cos 2 x + 4sin 2 x

cos 2 x
I = 2
dx
0
cos 2 x + 4 (1 − cos 2 x )

cos2 x
 I =2 dx
0 cos 2 x + 4 − 4cos 2 x
−1 2 4 − 3cos 2 x
I =  dx
3 0 cos 2 x + 4 − 4cos 2 x
−1 2 4 − 3cos 2 x 1 2 4
I =  dx +  dx
3 0 4 − 3cos x 2
3 4 − 3cos 2 x
0
−1 2 1 2 4sec2 x
3 0 3 0 4sec2 x − 3
I = 1dx + dx
−1  1  4sec2 x
 I =  x 02 +  2 dx
3 3 0 4 (1 + tan 2 x ) − 3
2 2 2sec2 x

... (1)
6 3 0 1 + 4 tan 2 x
I =− + dx

2sec2 x
Consider,  2 dx
0 1 + 4 tan 2 x
Put, 2 tanx = t  2sec2xdx = dt


When x = 0, t = 0 and when x = ,t= 
2

2sec2 x  dt
2 dx = 
0 1 + 4 tan x
2 0 1+ t2

=  tan −1 t 
0
=  tan −1 (  ) − tan −1 ( 0 ) 

=
2
Therefore, from (1), we get
 2     
I =− +  = − =
6 32 3 6 6
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
Question 28:

sin x + cos x
 3
6 sin 2 x
dx
Solution 28:

sin x + cos x
Consider, I = 3 dx
6 sin 2 x
 I = 
( sin x + cos x )

3

dx  I = 3
sin x + cos x
dx
6 − ( − sin 2 x ) 6 − ( −1 + 1 − 2sin cos x )
 I = 

3
( sin x + cos x ) dx
6 1 − ( sin 2 x cos 2 x − 2sin x cos x )
 I = 3
( sin x + cos x ) dx

1 − ( sin x − cos x )
2
6
Let ( sin x − cos x ) = t = ( sin x + cos x ) dx = dt

  1− 3    3 −1 
when x = , t =   and when x = , t =  
6  2  3  2 
3 −1
dt
I = 1− 23
2 1− t2
3 −1
dt
 I =   12− 3
−


2  1− t2
1 1 1
As = , therefore, is an even function.
1 − ( −t ) 1− t 1− t2
2 2
f ( x ) dx = 2 f ( x ) dx
a a
-a 0
We know that if f(x) is an even function, then

3 −1
dt
 I = 2 2
0
1− t2
3 −1
=  2sin −1 t  2
0
 3 −1 
= 2sin −1  
 2 
Top tutor.
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Question 29:
1 dx
0
1+ x − x
Solution 29:
1 dx
Consider, I = 
0
1+ x − x
I =
1 1 ( 
1+ x + x )dx
0
( 1+ x − x ) ( 1+ x + x)
=
1 ( 1 + x + x ) dx
0 1+ x − x
1 1
=  1 + xdx +  xdx
0 0
1 1
2 2
 2 3

=  (1 + x ) 3   ( x ) 2 
3 0  3 0
2 2
 2
= ( 2 ) 3 − 1 + 1
3  3
2 2
2.2 2
= ( 2)3 =
3 3
4 2
=
3
Question 30:

sin x + cos x
0
4
9 + 16sin 2 x
dx
Solution 30:

sin x + cos x
Consider, I = 
9 + 16sin 2 x
0
4
dx
Put, sin x – cos x = t  (cos x + sinx) dx = dt


When x = 0, t = - 1 and when x = , t = 0
4
 ( sin x − cos x ) = t 2
2
 sin 2 + cos 2 − 2sin x cos x = t 2

 1 − sin 2 x = t 2
 sin 2 x = 1 − t 2
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
0 dt
I = 
−1
9 + 16 (1 − t 2 )
0 dt
=
−1 9 + 16 − 16t 2
0 dt 0 dt
= = −1 ( 5)2 − ( 4t )2
−1 25 − 16t 2
0
1 1 5 + 4t 
=  log 
4  2 ( 5) 5 − 4t  −1
1  1
=  log (1) − log 
40  9
1
= log 9
40
Question 31:

 2
sin 2 x tan −1 ( sin x ) dx
0
Solution 31:
 
Consider, I =  sin 2 x tan
0
2 −1
( sin x ) dx = 02 2sin x cos x tan −1 ( sin x ) dx
Put, sin x = t  cos x dx =dt

When x = 0, t = 0 and when x = ,t=1
2
 I =  t tan −1 ( t ) dt ... (1)
1
d 
Consider  t.tan −1 tdt = tan −1 t. tdt −   ( tan −1 t )  tdt  dt
 dt 
2 2
t 1 t
= tan −1 t. −  . dt
2 1+ t2 2
t 2 tan −1 t 1 t 2 + 1 − 1
= −  dt
2 2 1+ t2
t 2 tan −1 t 1 1 1
= −  1.dt +  dt
2 2 2 1+ t2
t 2 tan −1 t 1 1
= − .t + tan −1 t
2 2 2
1
1  t 2 tan −1 t t 1 
  t.tan tdt =  −1
− + tan −1 t 
0
 2 2 2 0
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
1    1    1
=  − 1 +  =  − 1 = −
24 4 22  4 2
 1  
I = 2  −  = −1
 2 2 2
Question 32:
 x tan x
0 sec x + tan x
dx
Solution 32:
 x tan x
Let  dx ... (1)
0 sec x + tan x

I = 
0
 ( − x ) tan ( − x )  
 dx
 sec ( − x ) + tan ( − x ) 
 
(
0
a
f ( x ) dx =  f ( a − x ) dx
a
0 )
 − ( − x ) tan x  
I =   dx
0
 − ( sec x + tan x ) 
 
I =
 ( − x ) tan xdx ... ( 2 )
sec x + tan x0

sin x
  tan x 
2I =  dx  2 I =   cos x dx
0 sec x + tan x 0 1 sin x
+
cos x cos x
 sin x + 1 − 1
 2I =   dx
0 1 + sin x
  1
 2 I =   1.dx −   dx
0 0 1 + sin x
 1 − sin x
 2 I =   x 0

−  dx
0 cos 2 x
 2 I =  2 −   ( sec 2 x − tan x sec x ) dx


 2 I =  2 −   tan x − sec x 0

 2 I =  2 −   tan  − sec  − tan 0 + sec 0

 2 I =  2 −  0 − ( −1) − 0 + 1
 2 I =  2 − 2
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
 2 I =  ( − 2 )

I = ( − 2 )
2
Question 33:
4
1
 x − 1 + x − 2 + x − 3 dx
Solution 33:
4
Consider, I = 
1
 x − 1 + x − 2 + x − 3 dx
4 4 4
 I =  x − 1 dx +  x − 2 dx +  x − 3 dx
1 1 1
I = I1 + I 2 + I3 ...(1)
4 4 4
where, I1 =  x − 1 dx, I 2 =  x − 2 dx, and I 3 =  x − 3 dx
1 1 1
4
I1 =  x − 1 dx
1
( x − 1)  0 for 1  x  4
 I1 =  ( x − 1) dx
4
1
4
 x2 
 I1 =  − x 
x 1
 1  9
 I1 = 8 − 4 − + 1 = ... ( 2 )
 2  2
4
I 2 =  x − 2 dx
1
x − 2  0 for 2  x  4 and x − 2  0 for 1  x  2

 I 2 =  ( 2 − x ) dx +  ( x − 2 ) dx
2 4
1 2
2 4
 x2   x2   1
 I 2 =  2 x −  +  − 2 x   I 2 =  4 − 2 − 2 +  + 8 − 8 − 2 + 4 
 2 1  2 2  2
1 5
 I2 = + 2 = ... ( 3)
2 2
4
I 3 =  x − 3 dx
1
x − 3  0 for 3  x  4 and x − 3  0 for 1  x  3

 I 3 =  ( 3 − x ) dx +  ( x − 3) dx
3 4
1 3
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
3 4
 x2   x2 
 I 3 = 3 −  +  − 3 x 
 2 1  2 3
 9 1  9 
 I 3 = 9 − − 3 +  + 8 − 12 − + 9
 2 2  2 
1 5
 I 3 =  6 − 4 +   = ... ( 4 )
2 2
From equations (1), (2), (3), and (4), we get
9 5 5 19
I= + + =
2 2 2 2
Question 34:
3 dx 2 2
1 2
= + log
x ( x + 1) 3 3
Solution 34:
3 dx
Consider, I = 1 x ( x + 1)
2
1 A B C
Let, = + 2+
x ( x + 1)
2
x x x +1
 1 = Ax ( x + 1) + B ( x + 1) + C ( x 2 )
 1 = Ax 2 + Ax + Bx + B + Cx 2
A+C=0
A+B=0
B=1
A = −1, C = 1, and B = 1
1 −1 1 1
 2 = + 2+
x ( x + 1) x x ( x + 1)
3 1 
3
 1 1   1 
 I =  − + 2 +  dx =  − log x − + log ( x + 1) 
1

 x x ( x + 1)   x 1
3
  x +1  1  4 1 2
= log   −  = log   − − log   + 1
  x  x 1 3 3 1
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
2
= log 4 − log 3 − log 2 +
3
2
= log 2 − log 3 +
3
2 2
= log   +
3 3
Hence Proved.
Question 35:
4
0
xe x dx = 1
Solution 35:
4
Let I =  0
xe x dx
1  d  
I = x  e x dx −   ( x )   e x dx dx
4
0 0
 dx  
1
=  xe x  −  e x dx
1
0 0
x 1 1
=  xe  −  e x 
0 0
= e − e +1
=1
Hence Proved.
Question 36:
1
−1
x17 cos4 xdx = 0
Solution 36:
1
Consider, I =  x17 cos4 xdx
−1
Let f ( x ) = x cos4 x 17
 f ( − x ) = ( − x ) cos4 ( − x ) = − x17 cos 4 x = − f ( x )

17
f (x) is an odd function.

We know that if f(x) is an odd function, then  f ( x ) dx = 0
a
−a
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
1
 I =  x17 cos4 xdx = 0
−1
Hence Proved.
Question 37:

2
0
2
sin 3 xdx =
3
Solution 37:

Consider, I =  2 sin 3 xdx
0

I =  2 sin 2 x.sin xdx
0

=  2 (1 − cos 2 x ) sin xdx
0
 
=  sin xdx −  2 cos 2 x.sin xdx
2
0 0

 cos3 x  2

=  − cos x 02 +  
 3 0
1 1 2
= 1 +  −1 = 1 − =
3 3 3
Hence Proved.
Question 38:

0
4
2 tan 3 xdx = 1 − log 2
Solution 38:

Consider, I =  4 2 tan 3 xdx
0
 
I =  2 tan x tan xdx = 2  4 ( sec 2 x − 1) tan xdx
4 2
0 0
 
= 2  4 sec 2 x tan xdx − 2  4 tan xdx
0 0

 tan 2 x  4 

= 2  + 2  log cos x 04 = 1 + 2 log cos − log cos 0
 2 0  4 
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
 1 
= 1 + 2 log − log1 = 1 − log 2 − log1 = 1 − log 2
 2 
Hence Proved.
Question 39:
1 
 sin
−1
xdx = −1
0 2
Solution 39:
1
 sin
−1
Let xdx
0
1
 I =  sin −1 x.1.dx
0

1 1
I = sin −1 x.x  − 
1
.xdx
0 0
1 − x2
1 1 ( −2 x )
=  x sin −1 x  + 
1
dx
0 2 0 1 − x2
Put, 1 – x2 = t ⇒ −2x dx = dt
1 1 dt
I =  x sin −1 x  + 
1
0 2 0 t
1 0
=  x sin −1 x  +  2 t 
1
0 2 1
= sin −1 (1) +  − 1 

= −1
2
Hence Proved.
Question 40:
1
e
2−3 x
Evaluate dx as a limit of a sum.
0
Solution 40:
1
e
2−3 x
Let I = dx
0
We know that,
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
 f ( x ) dx = ( b − a ) lim n  f ( a ) + f ( a + h ) + ... + f ( a + ( n − 1) h )

b 1
a n →
b−a
where, h =
n
Here, a =0, b=1, and f ( x ) = e 2−3 x
1− 0 1
h= =
n n
 f ( 0 ) + f ( 0 + h ) + ... + f ( 0 + ( n − 1) h ) 
1
  e 2−3 x dx = (1 − 0 ) lim
1
0 n →n
1
n → n
2 −3 n −1 h 1
n → n 

= lim  e 2 + e 2 −3 x + ... + e ( )  = lim e 2 1 + e −3h + e −6 h + e −9 h + ... + e ( )  
−3 n −1 h

  − n  
 ( )  = lim 1 e2 1 − e 
 1 − e−3h n 
3
n
1
= lim e2    3 
n → n 
 1 − ( e )  n→ n  
−3 h −
n 
     1 − e 
1  e (1 − e )  1  1 
2 −3
= lim 
n → n  −
3

= e 2
( e −3
− 1) n→ n  − 3 
lim
 1− e n
  e n − 1
 3   3 
 1 n 
= e ( e − 1) lim  −   3  =
2 −3
− e 2
( e −3
− 1)  −n 
lim  3 
n →
 3   −n  3 n → −
 e n − 1
e −1
   
−e2 ( e−3 − 1)  x 
= (1) lim
 n→ e − 1
x
3
−1
−e + e 2
=
3
1 1
=  e2 − 
3 e
Question 41:
dx
e x
+ e− x
is equal to
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
A.tan -1 ( e x ) + C
B.tan -1 ( e − x ) + C
C.log ( e x − e − x ) + C
D.log ( e x + e − x ) + C
Solution 41:
dx ex
Consider, I =  x − x dx =  2 x dx
e +e e +1
Put, ex = t  ex dx = dt
dt
I = 
1+ t2
= tan −1 t + C
= tan −1 ( e x ) + C
Question 42:
cos 2 x
 (sin x + cos x ) 2
dx is
-1
A. +C
sin x + cos x
B.log sinx+cosx + C
C.log sinx-cosx + C
1
D. +C equal to
( sin x + cos x )
2
Solution 42:
cos 2 x cos 2 x − sin 2 x
Consider, I =   ( sin x + cos x )
dx I = dx
( sin x + cos x )
2 2
=
( co s x + sin x )( cos x − sin x )dx = cos x − sin x dx
( sin x + cos x )
2  cos x + sin x
Let cos x + sin x = t  ( cos x − sin x ) dx = dt
dt
I = 
t
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
= log t + C
= log cos x + sin x + C
Question 43:
xf ( x ) dx is equal to
b
If f (a + b – x) = f (x), then a
a+b b
f ( b − x ) dx
2 a
A.
a+b b
f ( b + x ) dx
2 a
B.
b−a b
f ( x ) dx
2 a
C.
a+b b
f ( x ) dx
2 a
D.
Solution 43:
xf ( x ) dx
b
Consider, I = a
…(1)
I =  ( a + b − x ) f ( a + b − x ) dx
a
b
( a
b
f ( x ) dx =  f ( a + b − x ) dx
b
a )
 I =  ( a + b − x ) f ( x ) dx
b
 I = ( a + b )  f ( x ) dx − I  using (1) 
b
 I + I = ( a + b )  f ( x ) dx
b
 2 I = ( a + b )  f ( x ) dx
b
 a+b
  f ( x ) dx
b
I =
 2  a
Question 44:
1  2x −1 
 tan
−1
The value of  2 
dx is
0
 1+ x − x 
A. 1
B. 0
C. − 1
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________

D.
4
Solution 44:
1  2x −1 
Consider, I =  tan −1  2 
dx
0
 1+ x − x 
1  x − (1 − x 
 I =  tan −1   dx
 1 + x (1 − x ) 
0
 I =   tan −1 x − tan −1 (1 − x ) dx ... (1)

1
 I =   tan −1 (1 − x ) − tan −1 (1 − 1 + x ) dx

1
 I =   tan −1 (1 − x ) − tan −1 ( x )  dx
1
 I =   tan −1 (1 − x ) − tan −1 ( x )  dx ... ( 2 )

1

 2I =  ( tan −1 x − tan −1 (1 − x ) − tan −1 (1 − x ) − tan −1 x )dx
1
 2I = 0
I =0
Top tutor.
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= 2 xdx − 3 cos xdx +  e dx x

=  sec xdx +  sec x tan xdx

=  2sec2 xdx − 3 tan x sec xdx

Thus, the correct answer is C.

1 ( sin x + cos x ) + ( sin x − cos x )

Put cos x − sin x = t ⇒ (−sin x − cos x) dx = dt

(A) 10 x − x10 + C ( B ) 10 x + x10 + C

( A ) tan x + cot x + C ( B ) tan x − cot x + C

=  cos 2 x cos10 x + cos 2 2 x dx

1  sin12 x sin 8 x sin 4 x 

=  cos3 x.sin 2 x.sin x.dx

1 + cos x x sin x = 2sin 2 cos 2 ;cos x = 2cos 2 − 1

sin 2 x + cos2 x = 1;sin 2 x = 2sin x cos x 

Let sin x + cos x = t

cos x − sin x cos x − sin x

= sec 2 x tan 2 x − tan 2 x

=  sec2 x tan 2 xdx − tan x + x + C ... (1)

Consider  sec2 x tan 2 xdx

= tan x sec x + cot x cos ecx

1 sin ( x − b ) cos ( x − a ) − cos ( x − b ) sin ( x − a ) 

(A) – cot (exx) + C (B) tan (xex) + C

= log tan x + tan 2 x + 4 + C

From equation (2), we get

Using equations (2) and (3) in (1), we get

Using equations (2) and (3) in (1), we get

Using equations (2) and (3) in (1), we get

(A) x tan-1 (x + 1) + C (B) tan-1 (x + 1) + C

Consider  2 dx, let ( x 2 + 1) = t  2 xdx = dt

Taking u=(sin-1 x)2 and v=1 and integrating by parts, we get

= x tan x −  1.tan xdx

Taking u=(log x)2 and v=1 and integrating by parts, we get

It is known that,  ex  f ( x ) + f ' ( x ) dx = e x f ( x ) + C

Integrating by parts, we get

Also, let x3 = t so, 3x2dx = dt

 f ( x ) dx = ( b − a ) lim n  f ( a ) + f ( a + h ) + ... + f ( a + ( n − 1) h ) where h = n

 f ( x ) dx = ( b − a ) lim n  f ( a ) + f ( a + h ) + ... + f ( a + ( n − 1) h ) , where h = n

= lim  2 + ... + 2 +   +   + ... + 

 f ( x ) dx = ( b − a ) lim n  f ( a ) + f ( a + h ) + f ( a + ( n − 1) h ) , where h = n

I1 =  x 2 dx = ( 4 − 1) lim  f (1) + f (1 + h ) + ... + f (1 + ( n − 1) h ) 

 f ( x ) dx = ( b − a ) lim n  f ( a ) + f ( a + h ) + ... + f ( a + ( n − 1) h ) where h = n

Here, a = −1, b = 1, and f ( x ) = e x

 f ( x ) dx = ( b − a ) lim n  f ( a ) + f ( a + h ) + ... + f ( a + ( n − 1) h ) where h = n

Using second fundamental theorem of calculus, we get

I = 2 − + 3 ( 2 ) + 9 ( 2 )  − (1) − + 3 (1) + 9 (1) 

 tan xdx = − log cos x = F ( x )

 cos ecxdx = log cos ecx − cot x = F ( x )

Using second fundamental theorem of calculus, we get

Using second fundamental theorem of calculus, we get

 1 + cos 2 x  x sin 2 x 1  sin 2 x 

 cos xdx = sin x = F ( x )

Using second fundamental theorem of calculus, we get