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An Integrated Model of Technical and Non-Technical

Perspective on Managing the IoT Security

Muhammad Suryanegara & Nur Hayati

 Outline

1 INTRODUCTION
RELATED WORK: SECURITY AND PRIVACY ON
2 IOT TECHNOLOGY

AN INTEGRATED MODEL OF TECHNICAL AND

3 NON-TECHNICAL PERSPECTIVE ON MANAGING
THE IOT SECURITY
4 CONCLUSION

5 DISCUSSION

2
3
 IoT Security
1. IoT (Internet of Things) has widely implemented in various sectors
• healthcare, manufacture, transportation, smart city and others
2. IoT implementation is to improve society welfare through various technological facilities, IIoT has
positive impact on industry development
3. Trade-off between excellency provided by IoT technology and its security services
4. Two main concern in IoT implementation are security and privacy
• financial loss, production loss due to device malfunction, loss of intellectual property and even the
presence of accidents or even losing life
5. Smart city
✚ smart lighting, pollution, transport, traffic congestion, waste management, and scarcity resources
− traffic incidents, financial losses, water pollution, information breach, even resulting to losing life
in case attacker try to manipulate building control system
6. Healthcare
- interruptions at end and network devices, modification and fabrication of patient data, or even using
malicious code to modify programs on devices used to treat patients

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5
SECURITY AND PRIVACY ON IOT TECHNOLOGY
• various types of security threats and vulnerability issues that
emerged on IoT technology which were classified based on
three layers, namely perception, network and application.
• application layer include DoS and data manipulation that
occurs in smart environments, malicious attacks and physical
security on smart grids, insider misuse, cyber-attacks, privacy
attacks on maintenance systems and insecure transmission
control, like configuration and spectrum sharing on smart
transportation. Meanwhile, in regard to privacy issues breach
level index reports that there are more than two million
records about breach data [6] and almost 100 data records
that are stolen or loss in every hour. Figure 1 show the
number of privacy issues that emerged during 2017.
•

Figure 1. The Quantity of Data Breach Incidents

Classified based on Source and Type [6]
6
§ Some research resolving IoT security and privacy issues by
utilizing the reference architecture approach. Research [7]
analyzed the problems that appear on each layer, namely the
application, middleware (this research use term: middleware layer
as network layer), and perception layers; then it provided the
descriptions of its technical solutions. The authors also discussed
the existence of cross-layer security in the form of an IoT
integration layer. Furthermore, J. Hou, L. Qu, and W. Shi [8]
presented information on the results of security investigations of
IoT from data perspectives. According to this paper, data plays an
important role in IoT technology. The approach is done by dividing
data into three categories, namely data on a node, data on
7
§ Ammar et al. [10] examined security issues in the cloud-based IoT
framework and platform. They compared security features,
hardware compatibility, smart applications, and the architecture of
eight different commercial frameworks. Details about the security
features discussed in each framework include secure
communication, access control, authorization, and authentication.
The authors [11] discussed the results of a comprehensive survey
related to the latest issues regarding security and privacy in IoT.
These researchers provided examples of IoT applications in the
field, then identified problems and security challenges that arise.
Research [12] conducted by M.B. Mohammad Noor and W.H.
Hasan analyzed the trends in security research on IoT over the
8
9
§ The integrated model of managing IoT security is similar to the
system engineering principle, in which a combination of
components that support each other is needed [14]. Synergy
between components is required to resolve security issues on IoT
implementation. Therefore, in this study we use both technical
and non-technical approaches as components to deal with IoT
security issues. In the technical approach, we follow the standards
from previous studies [5] [7] [12] [13], namely classifying security
issues into three layers of IoT architectures. Meanwhile, in the
non-technical approach, we categorize three parties or actors who
are involved with and responsible for managing security and
privacy issues during IoT implementation. These three actors are
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 S P
e Application Layer r
c i
u Network Layer v
r a
i Perception Layer c
t y
y

Secure IoT environment

Regulator • Technological Implementation to

provide prevention, detection, early
warning and mitigation system
Industry
• Regulation complied - Participatory
End User and Certified System

S P
e r
Application Layer
c i
u v
Network Layer
r a
i Perception Layer c
t y
y IoT environment
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Integrated Model of Technical and Non-
Technical Perspectives on Managing IoT
Security

12
Regulators’ Role in IoT Security

“Who is speaking?"”

13
Industries’ Role in IoT Security

14
End Users’ Role in IoT Security

15
Speaker Recognition System

16
 The Common Methods
§ MFCC
Feature Extraction [2],[3],[4],[6],[8],[9],[10],[11]
§ LPC [2]
Biometric
(Speaker Recognition)
§ VQ [3],[4]
Feature Matching § HMM [5],[6],[7]
§ GMM [8],[9],[10]
§ NN [11],[12]

• This research à to increase MFCC performance in noisy environment by using the

DWT-MFCC Method.
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 MFCC

continuous Frame frame

speech Windowing FFT
Blocking x(n) y(n)

mel cepstrum mel spectrum spectrum

Mel-frequency
Cepstrum
Wrapping

§ Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) is a coefficient that represents an audio based
on a perception of the human hearing system.

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19
Input Signal

Database Noise

§ Librispeech corpus [25].

§ 16 speakers (8 men and 8 woman) Aditive White
§ Text independent Gaussian Noise
§ For each speaker: 1 sentence for training (AWGN)
phase, while 10 sentences for testing phase.
§ Total : 176 samples.

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Input signal

Original signal Noised signal with SNR = 15 dB

Noised signal with SNR = 40 dB

Noise

Aditif White Gaussian

Noise (AWGN)

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 Simulation Block Diagram

cD
HPF

continuous
DWT
speech
cA Mel result
LPF MFCC VQ
cepstrum

Feature Extraction Feature Matching

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23
Simulation Result
§ The graph represent the
accuracy (%) of the speaker
recognition system with the
different SNR values (dB) for
the MFCC, DWT-MFCC level 1,
DWT-MFCC level 2, and DWT-
MFCC level 3 method.
§ SNR = 15 dB to 40 dB to
represent the environment that
contain noise in general.
§ To evaluate the performance of
the MFCC and DWT-MFCC
and also the effect of the
decomposition level.
24
Simulation Result
üAll of the methods have the same graph
trend, which is the greater the SNR value,
the higher the accuracy of the system.
üThe accuracy of the MFCC method is the
lowest.
üThe accuracy of the DWT-MFCC level 3
method is the highest at 25 to 35 dB SNR
values, but the accuracy starts to
decreases at SNR 22.5 dB, even at 15 dB
SNR the accuracy is lower than MFCC.
üAt SNR 15 to 22.5 dB and 37.5 to 40 dB,
the DWT-MFCC Level 2 method has the
highest accuracy value compared to the
others. At 25 to 35 dB SNR, this method is
not the most superior, but has a value that
is equally good and not much different
compared to the DWT-MFCC level 2
method.
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 Discussion

§ The suitable method to be applied as feature extraction in the speaker recognition

system depends on the type of application to be made. Not all of the applications that
rely on voice commands from the authorized person have noise-free environmental
conditions.
§ For some applications that may be operated in noiseless environmental conditions, the
MFCC method is still be the best alternative to use. But for some applications that tend
to be operated in environmental conditions that contain noise, the DWT-MFCC method
is better. This happened because the DWT is effective for removing noise.
§ The recommended level decomposition of DWT-MFCC method is level 2. We do not
recommend level 3 decomposition because with more complicated processes, it
does not obtain a significant increase in accuracy.

26
 Conclusion

§ The DWT-MFCC method as a feature extraction in speaker recognition system can

increase the accuracy of the system with SNR from 15 to 40 dB.
§ The DWT-MFCC method with level 2 decomposition is reliable method to be applied
as feature extraction in the speaker recognition system with SNR from 15 to 40 dB.

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 Future Work

§ The various feature matching methods will be explored as a complement of the

DWT-MFCC method to increase system accuracy, because the accuracy of the
speaker recognition system is not only depend on the feature extraction technique.

28
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Acknowledgment

This article’s publication is supported by Hibah PIT9 2019 Number NKB-

0052/UN2.R3.1/HKP.05.00/2019 from Universitas Indonesia.

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