ITEM 600 Latest 2004

PART H – MISCELLANEOUS STRUCTURES
ITEM 600 – CURB AND GUTTER
600.1 Description
This Item shall consist of the construction of curb and gutter either Precast or Cast in place,
made of concrete in accordance with this Specification at the location, and in conformity with the lines,
grades, dimensions and design, shown on the Plans or as required by the Engineer.
600.2 Material Requirements
600.2.1 Material for Bed Course
Bed course materials as shown on the Plans shall consist of cinders, sand, slag, gravel, crushed
stone, or other approved porous material of such grading that all the particles will pass through 12.5 mm
(1/2 inch) sieve.
600.2.2 Concrete
Concrete shall be of the class indicated on the Plans and shall conform to the
requirements of Item 405, Structural Concrete.
600.2.3 Expansion Joint Filler
Expansion joint filler shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 153/ Item 705.
600.2.4 Cement Mortar
Cement mortar shall consist of one part of Portland cement and two parts of fine aggregates with
water added as necessary to obtain the required consistency. The mortar shall be used within 30
minutes of preparation.
600.2.5 Bonding Compound
Where bonding compound is used, it shall conform to AASHTO M 200.
600.3 Construction Requirements
600.3.1 Bedding
Excavation shall be made to the required depth and the base upon which the curb and/or gutter is
to be set shall be compacted to a firm and even surface. All
soft and unsuitable material shall be removed and replaced with suitable material.
Bed course material shall be placed and compacted to form a bed of the required thickness as
shown on the Plans.
600.3.2 Cast in Place Curb and Gutter
600.3.2.1 Placing
Forms shall conform to the requirements of Item 407, Concrete Structures. Metal forms shall be
of an approved section.
Forms to hold the concrete shall be built and set-in-place as described in Item 407, Concrete
Structures. Forms for at least 50 m of curb and gutter shall be in-place and checked for alignment and
grade before concrete is placed. Curbs and gutters constructed on curves shall have forms of either
wood or metal and they shall be accurately shaped to the curvature shown on the Plans.
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Mixing, placing, finishing and curing of concrete shall conform to the requirements of Item 405,
Structural Concrete, as modified by the requirements below.
The concrete shall be placed in the forms in layers of 100 or 125 mm each, and to the depth
required. It shall be tamped and spaded until mortar entirely covers the top and surfaces of the forms.
The top of the concrete shall be finished to a smooth and even surface and the edges rounded to the radii
shown on the Plans. Before the concrete is given the final finishing, the surface of the gutter shall be
tested with a 3-m straight-edge and any irregularities of more than 10 mm in 3 m shall be corrected.
The curb and gutter shall be constructed in uniform sections of not more than 50 m in length
except where shorter sections are required to coincide with the location of weakened planes or
contraction joints of the concrete pavement, or for closures, but no section shall be less than 2 m long.
The sections shall be separated by sheet templates set perpendicular to the face and top of the curb and
gutter. The templates shall be approximately 5 mm in thickness and of the same width as that of the curb
and/or gutter and not less than 50 mm deeper than the depth of the curb and/or gutter. Templates shall
be set carefully and held firmly during the placing of the concrete and shall remain in place until the
concrete has set sufficiently to hold its shape but shall be removed while the forms are still in place. A
preformed joint filler approved by the Engineer may be used in lieu of the sheet template mentioned
above. In this event the fiber board shall be pre-cut to the shape of the curb so that its outer edge will be
flushed with the abutting curb and/or gutter.
Expansion joints shall be formed at intervals shown on the Plans. Where a curb is placed next to
a concrete pavement, expansion joints in the curb shall be located opposite expansion joints in the
pavement.
The form shall be removed within 24 hours after the concrete has been placed. Minor defects
shall be repaired with mortar containing one part of Portland Cement and two parts of fine aggregate.
Plastering shall not be permitted and all rejected portions shall be removed and replaced at the
Contractor’s expense. The exposed surface shall be finished while the concrete is still fresh by rubbing
the surfaces with a wetted soft brick or wood until they are smooth. The surfaces shall be wetted
thoroughly, either by dipping the brick or wood in water, or by throwing water on the surfaces with a
brush. After the concrete has been rubbed smooth using water, it shall then be rubbed with a thin grout
containing one part of Portland Cement and one part of fine aggregates. Rubbing with grout shall
continue until uniform color is produced. When completed, the concrete shall be covered with suitable
material and kept moist for a period of 3 days, or a membrane-forming material may be applied as
provided in Item 405, Structural Concrete. The concrete shall be suitably protected from the weather until
thoroughly hardened.
After the concrete has set sufficiently, the spaces on the back of the curb which were excavated
for placing the curb shall be refilled to the required elevation with suitable material which shall be tamped
in layers of not more than 150 mm until consolidated.
600.3.3 Precast Curb and Gutter
600.3.3.1 Placing
The precast concrete curb and gutter shall be set in 20mm of cement mortar as specified in
Subsection 600.2.4 to the line level and grade as shown on the approved Plans.
The precast curb shall not be more than 20cm in width at the top portion and not be more than
25cm at the base. The precast curb and gutter shall be 1.0 m in length and shall be put side by side
consecutively with joint in between.
Joints between consecutive curb and gutter shall be filled with cement mortar to the full section
of the curb and gutter. Expansion joints shall be formed at intervals shown on the Plans. Where a curb
and gutter is placed next to a concrete pavement, expansion joints in the curb and gutter shall be located
opposite expansion joints in the pavement.
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Minor defects shall be repaired with mortar containing one part of Portland Cement and two parts
of fine aggregates. Plastering shall not be permitted and all rejected portions shall be removed and
replaced at the Contractor’s expense. The exposed surface shall be finished by rubbing the surfaces
with a wetted soft brick or wood until they are smooth. The surfaces shall be wetted thoroughly, either by
dipping the brick or wood in water, or by throwing water on the surfaces with a brush. After the concrete
has been rubbed smooth using water, it shall then be rubbed with a thin grout containing one part of
Portland Cement and one part of fine aggregate. Rubbing with grout shall continue until uniform color is
produced.
600.3.3.2 Handling Precast Curb and Gutter
1. In preparation for the handling of precast curb and gutter, all fabricated curb and gutter of one (1)
meter in length shall be provided or inserted with 2-1”Ø PVC pipes for fitting at their required
locations. The PVC pipes shall be placed 25 mm from both edge during the fresh concrete is in
plastic state.
2. Precast curb and gutter shall be lifted on upright position and not at the points of support and
shall be the same during transporting and storage.
3. Extreme care shall be exercised in handling and moving precast curb and gutter to avoid
cracking.
4. No precast curb and gutter shall be used that does not reach its final position in the forms with
the required time stipulated prior to installation.
5. Precast curb and gutter shall be transferred to the construction site. Fresh curb and gutter shall
not be placed against in-situ concrete which has been in a position for more than 30 minutes.
6. Precast curb and gutter may only be transported to the delivery point in truck agitators or truck
mixer operating at the speed designated by the manufacturer of the equipment, provided that the
consistency and workability of the mix concrete upon discharge at the delivery point is suitable
for adequate placement.
600.4 Method of Measurement
The length of curb and gutter to be paid for shall be the number of linear meters of curb and
gutter (cast in place) or the number of pieces of precast curb and gutter of the required dimensions shown
on the Plans measured along its front face in-place, completed and accepted. No deductions shall be
made for flattening of curbs at entrances and no additional allowances shall be made for curbs and
gutters constructed on curves.
600.5 Basis of Payment
The length of curb and gutter determined in Subsection 600.4, Method of Measurement, shall be
paid for at the contract unit price per linear meter for Curb and Gutter which price and payment shall
constitute full compensation for furnishing and placing all materials for concrete, reinforcing steel if
required on the Plans, expansion joint materials, forms for drainage openings, excavation for curb and
gutter, backfilling, dumping and disposal of surplus materials, and for all labor, equipment, tools and
incidentals necessary to complete the Item.
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Payment will be made under:
Pay Item Number Description Unit of Measurement
600 (1) Concrete Curb (Cast in place) Linear Meter

600 (2) Concrete Gutter (Cast in place) Linear Meter
600 (3) Curb and Gutter (Cast in place) Linear Meter
600 (4) Concrete Curb (Precast) Piece
600 (5) Concrete Gutter (Precast) Piece
600 (6) Curb & Gutter (Precast) Piece
ITEM 601 – SIDEWALK
601.1 Description
This Item shall consist of the construction of asphalt or Portland Cement concrete sidewalk in
accordance with this Specification and to the lines, grades, levels and dimensions shown on the Plans, or
as required by the Engineer.
601.2.1 Portland Cement Concrete
The cement concrete shall be Class A as specified in Item 405, Structural Concrete.
601.2.2 Asphalt
Asphaltic material shall be as specified in Item 308, Bituminous Plant-Mix Surface Course, Cold-
Laid, or Item 310, Bituminous Concrete Surface Course, Hot-Laid.
601.2.3 Expansion Joint Filler
Unless otherwise ordered, the preformed joint filler shall have a thickness of 5 mm and shall
conform to the requirements of Item 311, Portland Cement Concrete Pavement.
601.2.4 Forms
Forms shall be of wood or metal as approved by the Engineer and shall extend to the full depth of
the concrete. All forms shall be straight, free from warps and of adequate strength to resist distortion.
601.2.5 Bed Course Material
Bed course material consists of cinders, sand, slag, gravel, crushed stone or other approved
permeable granular material of such grading that all particles shall pass a 12.5 mm (1/2 inch) sieve.
601.2.6 Asphaltic Prime Coat
Prime coat shall be cut-back asphalt conforming to the requirements of Item 301, Bituminous
Prime Coat.
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601.3.1 Asphalt Sidewalk
Excavation shall be made to the depth and width required that will permit the installation and
bracing of the forms. The foundation shall be shaped and compacted to a firm and even surface
conforming to the section shown on the Plans. All materials from soft areas shall be removed and
replaced with suitable materials.
The bed course shall be compacted in layers not exceeding 100 mm to the depths, lines and
levels shown on the Plans.
The prepared bed course material shall receive an application of prime coat in accordance with
the requirements of Item 301, Bituminous Prime Coat.
The asphalt mixture shall be placed on the previously primed and prepared bed only when, in the
opinion of the Engineer, the bed is sufficiently dry and weather conditions are suitable. The mixture shall
be placed in one or more layers of uniform thickness to the total depth shown on the Plans. Each layer
shall be smoothed by raking or screeding and shall be thoroughly compacted by rolling with a hand
operated roller of a type satisfactory to the Engineer. After compaction, the surfacing shall be of the
thickness and section shown on the Plans and shall be smooth, even and of a dense uniform texture.
Forms, if used, shall be removed and the shoulders shaped and compacted to the required section.
601.3.2 Cement Concrete Sidewalk
Excavation shall be as specified above. The bed course material shall be placed in accordance
with the Item 200, Aggregate Subbase Course.
All forms shall be staked securely in position at the correct line and level. Preformed joint filler
shall be set in position shown on the Plans before placing of the concrete is started. The top of the joint
filler shall be placed 5 mm below the top surface of the finished sidewalk.
The mixing, placing, finishing and curing of concrete shall be as specified in Item 405, Structural
Concrete. The Portland Cement concrete shall be placed to the total depth shown on the plans.
The surface shall be cut through to a depth of 10 mm with a trowel at intervals of 1 m or, were
required, in straight lines perpendicular to the edge of sidewalk. The surface shall then be brushed. The
edges of the sidewalk and the transverse cuts shall be shaped with a suitable tool so formed as to round
the edges to a radius of 15 mm
The area to be paid for shall be the number of square meters of sidewalk measured,
completed in-place and accepted.
The quantity as determined in Subsection 601.4, Method of Measurement, shall be paid for all
the contract unit price per square meter for Sidewalk which price and payment shall constitute full
compensation for furnishing and placing all materials for asphalt sidewalk, concrete sidewalk, expansion
joint material, for excavating and compacting the foundation bed, for furnishing and placing cinders,
gravel or other permeable bed course material, for prime coat material, for forms, and for all labor,
equipment, tools and incidentals necessary to complete the Item.
Pay Item No. Description Unit of Measurement
601 Sidewalk Square Meter
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ITEM 602 – MONUMENTS, MARKERS AND GUIDE POSTS
602.1 Description
This Item shall consist of right-of-way monuments, maintenance marker posts, kilometer posts
and/or guide posts, furnished and installed in accordance with this Specification at the locations, and in
conformity with the sizes, dimensions and design, shown on the Plans, or as required by the Engineer.
Concrete shall be the class designated on the Plans and shall be composed of materials
conforming to the requirements of Item 405, Structural Concrete.
Reinforcing steel shall conform to the requirements of Item 404, Reinforcing Steel.
Timber shall be of the species and grade shown on the Plans. Treated timber, if required, shall
conform to the requirements of Item 410, Treated and Untreated Timber.
The metal material shall conform to the requirements shown on the Plans, or as stipulated in the
Special Provisions.
Paints, if required, shall conform to the requirements shown on the Plans, or as stipulated in the
Special Provisions.
Warning reflectors, if required, shall conform to the requirements shown on the Plans, or as
stipulated in the Special Provisions.
Construction or fabrication and installation of monuments and posts shall be as shown on the
Plans or in the Special Provisions and shall include the attaching of warning reflectors and the painting of
posts, if required. Each monument and post shall be set accurately at the required location and elevation
and in such manner as to insure its being held firmly in place. In constructing precast monuments, the
forms shall not be removed until after the concrete has hardened. Monuments that are warped shall be
rejected. The exposed surface of the finished monuments shall be uniform, of even texture, and shall be
free from holes, cracks and chipped edges. The precast monuments shall not be transported to the work
until the concrete has been cured.
The quantities to be paid for shall be the actual number of right-of-way monuments, maintenance
marker posts, kilometer posts and/or guide posts furnished, placed and accepted.
The quantities determined as provided in Subsection 602.4, Method of Measurement, shall be

paid for at the contract price per unit of measurement respectively, for each of the particular Pay Item
listed below and as shown in the Bid Schedule, which price and payment shall constitute full
compensation for furnishing and placing all materials, including all labor, equipment, tools and incidentals
necessary to complete the work prescribed in this Item.
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Pay Item Number Description Unit of Measurement\
602 (1) Right-of-Way monuments Each

602 (2) Maintenance marker posts Each
600 (3) Kilometer posts Each
600 (4) Guide posts Each
(When more than one design is specified for any of the pay items, their respective dimensions,
material types or other means of identification shall be inserted in parenthesis immediately after the name
of the pay item, and letter suffixes shall be included within the parenthesis of the pay item numbers)
ITEM 603 – GUARDRAIL
603.1 Description
This item shall consist of furnishing and constructing posts and guardrails of the types called for
in the contract and in accordance with this Specification, at the locations, and in conformity with the lines
and grades shown on the Plans, or as required by the Engineer.
Materials for the desired type of guardrail shall meet the requirements specified in the following
specifications:
1. Wire rope or wire cable AASHTO M 30

2. Chain link fabric AASHTO M 181
3. Metal beam rail AASHTO M 180
4. Timber rail, unless otherwise indicated in the Plans or Special Provisions, any of the following
first group Philippine Timber shall be used: Ipil, Molave, Tindalo or Yacal. Only one specie of
timber shall be used in the construction of any one continuous length of guardrail.
Timber guardrail shall be well-seasoned, straight and free of injurious defects. They shall be
dressed and of sufficient length so that joints shall be on the rail posts.
Guardrail Hardware. Offset brackets of the resilient and non-resilient types shall be of the type
specified, or as shown on the Plans, and shall meet the strength requirements specified.
Splices and end connections shall be of the type and design specified or as shown on the Plans,
and shall be of such strength as to develop the full design strength of the rail elements.
Unless otherwise specified, all fittings, bolts, washers and other accessories shall be galvanized
in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO M 111 or ASTM A 153, whichever may apply. All
galvanizing shall be done after fabrication.
Guardrail Post. Posts shall be of either wood, steel, or concrete, as may be specified. Only one
kind of post shall be used for any one continuous guardrail.
Wood post shall be fabricated from an approved or specified timber specie and shall be of the
quality, diameter or section and length as specified, or as shown on the Plans.
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Steel post shall be of the section and length as specified, or as shown on the Plans. They shall
be of a copper bearing steel when so specified. Steel shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M
183 for the grade specified. The posts shall be galvanized or shop painted as may be specified.
Pre-cast reinforced concrete posts shall be of a section and length as specified or as shown on
the Plans. Concrete shall conform with the requirements of Item 405, Structural Concrete, for class
specified. Reinforcement shall conform with the requirements of AASHTO M 31 Grade 60. All bars shall
be of the deformed type.
Concrete deadmen for end anchorages shall be as specified, or as shown on the Plans.
Concrete and reinforcement shall conform to the requirements as stated above the precast reinforced
concrete posts.
Paints for steel and wood shall be specified and conform to the requirements specified in Item
411, Paint.
603.3.1 Posts
Posts shall be set vertically in the position shown on the Plans and, where embedded in a
concrete foundation block, shall remain undisturbed for a minimum of 48 hours. The space around the
post shall be backfilled to the ground line with approved material in layers not exceeding 100 mm and
each layer shall be moistened and thoroughly compacted.
603.3.2 Rail Elements
Rail elements shall be erected in a manner resulting in a smooth continuous installation. All bolts,
except adjustment bolts, shall be drawn tight. Bolts shall be of sufficient length to extend beyond the nuts
at least 5 mm but not more than 10 mm.
Where painting of railing components is specified, any damage to the shop coat of paint shall be
corrected by an application of an approved rust-inhibitive primer prior to further painting. Any surface
inaccessible to painting after erection shall be given the specified number of coats of paint uniformly
applied by thorough brushing using an approved pressure spray.
Galvanized surfaces which have been abraded so that the base material is exposed, threaded
portions of all fittings and fasteners and cut ends of bolts shall be protected in a manner as may be
specified or directed.
The surfaces and sawed edges of untreated or salt-treated guardrail shall be painted with three
coats of white paint to within 200 mm of the ground line. The first 200 mm of posts above the ground
shall be painted with two coats of black paint. Painting shall be done only when the timber is dry and
clean. Each coat of paint shall be thoroughly dry before the next coat is applied. Paint shall be applied in
heavy coats, completely covering every part of the surface and shall be worked well into the joints and
open spaces. It shall be thoroughly and evenly spread that no excess paint collects at any point.
Guardrail and posts, after erection has been completed, shall be stained with two applications of
approved creosote stain, covering the rails and the exposed portions of the posts. The wood shall be dry
before being stained. The first coat shall be thoroughly dry before the second is applied. Stain shall not
be applied in damp weather.
For beam type guardrails, metal works not galvanized shall be given one shop coat of red lead,
zinc chromate paint or an approved fast-drying rust-inhibitive primer and two field coats of white or
aluminum paint. Untreated wood posts shall be given three coats of paints of the color indicated on the
Plans, or as specified. Painting shall conform to the requirements of Item 411, Paint.
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Guardrail shall be measured by linear meter from center to center of end posts, except where end
connections are made on masonry or steel structures, in which case measurement will be to the face of
such structures.
End anchorages and terminal sections will be measured as units of each kind shown in Bid
Schedule. If no pay item for anchorages or terminal sections appear in the Bid Schedule, measurement
therefore shall be included in the linear meter measurement for completed guardrail.
The accepted quantities of guardrail, determined in Subsection 603.4, Method of Measurement,

shall be paid for at the contract unit price per linear meter for the type specified, complete in place, which
price and payment shall be full compensation for furnishing and placing all materials, including all labor,
equipment, tools and incidentals necessary to complete the Item. When so specified, end anchorages
and terminal sections will be paid for at the contract unit price for each of the kind specified and
completed in place.
603 (1) Guardrail (Wire rope or Wire cable) Linear Meter

603 (2) Cable Guardrail 9Chain Link Fabric) Linear Meter
603 (3a) Metal Guardrail (Metal Beam) Linear Meter
Including Post
603 (3b) Metal Beam End Piece Each
604 (4) Guardrail (Timber) Linear Meter
ITEM 604 – FENCING
604.1 Description
This Item shall consist of furnishing and constructing posts and barbed wire or chain link fences in
accordance with the details, and at the locations, shown on the Plans, or as required by the Engineer.
604.2.1 Barbed Wire
Barbed wire shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A 121, Class I. The barbed wire shall
consist of 2 strands of 12.5 gauge wire, twisted with 2 points, 14 gauge barbs spaced 100 mm apart.
604.2.2 Chain Link Fence Fabric
Chain link fence fabric shall be fabricated from 10 gauge galvanized wire conforming to AASHTO
M 181 and shall be of the type shown on the Plans. Before ordering the chain link fence fabric, the
Contractor shall submit a sample of the material to the Engineer for testing and for approval.
604.2.3 Concrete Post
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Concrete posts shall be made of Class A concrete in accordance with Item 405, Structural
Concrete. The posts shall be cast to a tapered section 3 m long, or to the length shown on the detailed
Plans, and shall have a smooth surface finish.
604.2.4 Steel Post
Steel posts shall be of the sections and length as specified or as shown on the Plans. The posts
shall be copper bearing steel and shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 183 for the grade
specified.
604.2.5 Steel Reinforcement
Steel reinforcement for concrete posts shall be deformed steel bars conforming to the provisions
of Item 404, Reinforcing Steel.
604.2.6 Hardwares
Nuts, bolts, washers and other associated hardware shall be galvanized after fabrication as
specified as ASTM 153.
The Contractor shall perform such clearing and grubbing as may be necessary to construct the
fence to the required grade and alignment. Fence shall generally follow the contour of the ground.
Grading shall be performed where necessary to provide a neat appearance.
Gates shall be constructed as shown on the Plans
604.3.1 Erection Post
The post shall be erected vertically in position inside the formwork of the foundation block prior to
the placing of concrete and shall be adequately supported by bracing to prevent movement of the post
during the placing and setting of the concrete. The posts shall be erected to the height and location
shown on the Plans, or as ordered by the Engineer.
604.3.2 Installation of Chain Link Fence fabric
The chain link fence fabric shall be set to line and elevation and pulled taut between each post
before spot welding, or other method of fixing, is carried out. Where splicing of the fence fabric is
necessary, or at joints, the lapping of the chain link fence fabric shall be for a minimum of 100 mm and
shall occur only at the post. No horizontal splicing will be permitted. The fence fabric shall be fixed to the
posts as shown on the Plans. Any surface protective layer damaged during welding and/or construction
shall be restored properly.
The quantity to be paid for shall be the number of linear meter measured center to center of
posts, of fencing erected in place and accepted.
The quantity, as determined in Subsection 604.4, Method of Measurement, shall be paid for at
the contract price per unit of measurement respectively for each of the particular items listed below and
as shown in the Bid Schedule, which price and payment shall be full compensation for furnishing and
placing all materials and for all labor, equipment, tools and incidentals necessary to complete the Item.
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604 (1) Fencing (Barbed wire) Linear Meter

604 (2) Fencing (Chain Link
Fence Fabric) Linear Meter
604 (3) Fencing (Posts) Each
604 (4) Fencing (Gates) Each
ITEM 605 – ROAD SIGN
605.1 Description
This Item shall consist of furnishing and installing road signs in accordance with this
Specification and to the details shown on the Plans, or as required by the Engineer.
The road signs shall comply in all respects with the “Philippine International Road Signs Manual”
published by the Department of Public Works and Highways, Manila. The categories of road signs are
designated in the Manual, namely, danger warning signs, regulatory signs and informative signs, or guide
signs. These are referred to in the Contract as warning signs and informatory signs, respectively.
Road signs shall be classified as standard or non-standard. Standard signs consist of all warning
signs, regulatory signs and informatory signs with the exception of direction signs, place identification
signs and the line. Non-standard signs consist of all informatory signs which are not classified as
standard signs.
The size of warning and regulatory signs is the length of the side of triangular signs (measured
from the points of intersection of the extension of the edges), the horizontal width of octagonal signs and
the diameter of circular signs.
605.2.1 Sign Panels
Sign panels for warning, regulatory, and informatory signs shall be manufactured from aluminum
sheeting at least 3 mm thick.
605.2.2 Reflective Sheeting
The reflective sheeting used on the road signs shall consist of spherical lens elements embedded
within a transparent plastic having a smooth, flat surface with a protected precoat adhesive which shall be
pressure sensitive for manual application, or tack free heat activated for mechanical vacuum-heat
application.
The minimum reflective brightness values of the reflective sheeting as compared to a magnesium
oxide (MgO) shall be as given in Table 605.1. The brightness of the reflective sheeting totally wet by rain,
shall be not less than 90% of the given values.
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Table 605.1 – Reflective Brightness of Traffic Signs Surfaces
Color Angle of Angle of Minimum Reflective

Incidence Divergence Brightness Value
Compared with MgO
0 0
Red -4 0.5 15
0 0
20 0.5 10
0 0
50 0.5 3
0 0
White -4 0.5 75
0 0
20 0.5 70
0 0
50 0.5 70
0 0
Yellow -4 0.5 35
0 0
20 0.5 35
0 0
50 0.5 10
0 0
Blue -4 0.5 6
0 0
20 0.5 4.5
0 0
50 0.5 0.5
The reflective sheeting shall be sufficiently flexible to permit application and adhesion to a
0
moderately embossed surface. It shall show no damage when bent 90 over a 50 mm diameter mandrel.
The sheeting shall be solvent-resistant so as to be capable of withstanding cleaning with petrol,

diesel fuel, mineral spirits, turpentine methanol.
The sheeting shall show no cracking or reduction in reflectivity after being subjected to the
dropping of a 25 mm diameter steel ball from a height of 2 m into its surface.
The adhesive shall permit the reflective sheeting to adhere accurately 48 hours after application
0
of temperatures of up to 90 .
The reflective material shall be weather-resistant and, following cleaning in accordance with
manufacturer’s recommendations, shall show no discoloration,
cracking, blistering, peeling or any dimensional change.
Samples of reflective sheeting shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval.
605.2.3 Posts and Frames
Wide flange posts and frames shall be fabricated from structural steel conforming to ASTM A
283 Grade D. In lieu of wide flange steel posts, the Contractor may use tubular steel posts conforming to
ASTM A 501. All posts shall be thoroughly cleaned, free from grease, scale and rust and shall be given
one coat of rust-inhibiting priming paint and two coats of gray paint in accordance with Item 411, Paint.
605.2.4 Nuts and Bolts
Nuts, bolts, washers and other metal parts shall be hot-dip galvanized after fabrication in
accordance with the requirements of AASHTO M 111.
605.2.5 Concrete Foundation Blocks
The concrete for the foundation blocks shall be Class A in accordance with Item 405, Structural
Concrete and shall be of the size shown on the Plans.
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605.3.1 Excavation and Backfilling
Holes shall be excavated to the required depth to the bottom of the concrete foundation as shown
on the Plans.
Backfilling shall be carried out by using suitable material approved by the Engineer and shall be
compacted in layers not exceeding 150 mm in depth. Surplus excavated material shall be disposed of by
the Contractor as directed by the Engineer.
605.3.2 Erection of Posts
The posts shall be erected vertically in position inside the formwork of the foundation block prior
to the placing of the concrete and shall be adequately supported by bracing to prevent movement of the
post during the placing and setting of concrete. The posts shall be located at the positions shown on the
Plans.
605.3.3 Sign Panel Installation
Sign panels shall be installed in accordance with the details shown on the Plans. Any chipping or
bending of the sign panels shall be considered as sufficient cause to require replacement of the panels at
the Contractor’s expense.
The exposed portion of the fastening hardware on the face of the signs shall be painted with
enamels matching the background color.
All newly erected traffic road signs shall be covered until ordered removed by the Engineer.
The quantities of standard reflective warning and regulatory road signs shall be the number of
such signs of the size specified, including the necessary posts and supports erected and accepted.
The quantities for standard reflective informatory signs and non-standard reflective informatory
signs shall be the number of such, including the necessary posts and supports, erected and accepted.
The quantities measured as determined in Subsection 605.4, Method of Measurement, shall be

paid for at the contract unit price for the Pay Items shown in the Bid Schedule which price and payment
shall be full compensation for furnishing and installing road signs, for excavation, backfilling and
construction of foundation blocks, and all labor, equipment, tools and incidentals necessary to complete
the Item.
605 (1) Warning Signs Each
605 (2) Regulatory Signs Each
605 (3) Informatory Signs Each
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ITEM 606 – PAVEMENT MARKINGS
606.1 Description
This item shall consist of placing markings on the finished pavement. The work shall include the
furnishing of premixed reflectorized traffic paint or reflectorized pavement marking paint conforming to the
requirements of AASHTO M 248, whichever is called for in the Contract, sampling and packing, preparing
the surface, and applying the paint to the pavement surface, all in accordance with this Specification.
The paint shall be applied to the size, shape and location of the markings shown on the Plans, or
as required by the Engineer.
606.2 Premixed Reflectorized Traffic Paints
Premixed reflectorized traffic paint is a paint in which the glass beads are mixed in the paint
during the process of manufacture, so that upon application and drying, the paint line is capable of
retroreflection of the light beams.
Premixed reflectorized traffic paints which are available in both white and yellow are paints that
provide reflective marking for concrete, bituminous, bricks or stone surface of highways, bridges, tunnels,
streets, parking lots and airports.
606.2.1 Classification
Premixed reflectorized traffic paint shall be classified according to the following types based on
the vehicles used:
Type I – Alkyd
Type II – Chlorinated Rubber Alkyd
606.2.2 Material Requirements
The paint shall consist of pigments, vehicles and glass beads so combined as to produce a paint
that will conform to the following requirements.
a. Condition in container – The packaged material shall be free from lumps and mixed readily to a
smooth homogenous state.
b. Skinning – The packaged material shall not skin within 48 hours in a ¾ filled, tightly closed
container.
c. Appearance of Dried Film – The paint film shall dry to a smooth uniform finish.
d. Flexibility – The dried paint film shall not show cracking or flaking after being bent about 180
degrees over a 12.7 mm mandrel.
e. Resistance to Water – The dried paint film shall not show blistering, peeling, wrinkling and
discoloration when immersed in water for 18 hours.
f. The paint shall also conform to the physical properties specified in Table 1.
Table 1 – Physical Properties
Properties Type I and Type II
Minimum Maximum
Specific Gravity 1.5 -
Drying Time, No Pick Up,
Minutes - 40
Consistency (Kreb Units) at 20 C 65 95
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g. Premixed reflectorized traffic paint composition shall conform to the requirements given in Table
2.
Table 2 – Composition Requirements

Requirements
Paint Composition
Type I Type II
Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum
Total Dry Solids, percent
By weight 60 - 60 -
Titanium Dioxide, Rutile
Percent by weight 16.0 - 16.0 -
Medium Chrome Yellow,
Percent by weight 12.0 - 12.0 -
Extenders, percent by wt.,
White 13.0 - 13.0
Yellow - 17.0 - 17.0
Non-volatile Content
(based on the vehicle)
percent by weight 40 - 41 -
Glass Beads, percent by
Weight 31.0 35.0 31.0 35.0
h. Glass Spheres or Beads Requirements:
Quantity: The amount of glass beads to be mixed with the paint shall be 500
grams per liter of paint.
Beads Diameter: The percentage of beads that will pass through the US
Standard Sieves shall be as follows:
Sieve No. (um) Mass Percent Passing
70 (212 – um) – 0.850 100

80 (186 – um) – 0.600 85-100
140 (106 – um) – 0.300 15-55
230 ( 63 – um) – 0.150 0-10
Index of Refraction: The index of refraction of the beads shall be

within the range of 1.50 to 1.60 when tested
o
by the liquid immersion method at 29 C.
Appearance: The glass beads shall be transparent, colorless and

the sum of particles that are fused, plane, angular
and colored and contains bubble shall not exceed
20 percent
606.2.3 Construction Requirements
The painting of lane markers and traffic strips shall include the cleaning of the pavement
surfaces, the application, protection and drying of the paint coatings, the protection of pedestrians,
vehicular or other traffic, the protection of all parts of the road structure and its appurtenances against
disfigurement by spatters, splashes or smirches of paints or of paint materials, and the supplying of all
tools, labor and traffic paint necessary for the entire work.
The paint shall not be applied during rain or wet weather or when the air is misty, or when in the
opinion of the Engineer, conditions are unfavorable for the work. Paint shall not be applied upon damp
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pavement surfaces, or upon pavement which has absorbed heat sufficient to cause the paint to blister
and produce a porous film of paint.
The application of paint shall preferably be carried out by a machine specially made for this
purpose but where brushes are used, only round or oval brushes not exceeding 100 mm in width will be
permitted. The paint shall be so applied as to produce a uniform, even coating in close contact with the
surface being painted.
2
Traffic paint shall be applied to the pavement at the rate of 0.33 L /m and shall dry sufficiently to
be free from cracking in from 15 to 30 minutes.
All markings shall present a clean cut, uniform and workmanlike appearance. Markings that fail
to have a uniform, satisfactory appearance either by day or night, shall be corrected by the Contractor in
a manner acceptable to the Engineer and at no cost to the Government.
606.2.4 Sampling
The paint shall be sampled in accordance with PNS 484/ISO 1512 or other Philippine Standard
Method of Sampling Paints and Varnishes.
606.2.5 Test Methods
The paints shall be tested in accordance with the methods specified in PNS 461 or other
Philippine Standard Method of Tests for Paints and Varnishes.
606.2.6 Packing, Packaging and Marking
The paints shall be packed, packaged and marked in accordance with PNS 140.
The quantity of pavement markings to be paid for shall either be the length as shown on the
Plans of painted traffic line of the stated width or the area as shown on the plans of symbols, lettering,
hatchings, and the like, completed and accepted. Separate items shall be provided for premixed
reflectorized traffic paint and reflectorized thermoplastic pavement markings.
The quantities measured as determined in Section 606.4, Method of Measurement, shall be paid
for at the appropriate contract unit price for the Pay Items shown in the Bid Schedule which price and
payment shall constitute full compensation for furnishing and placing all materials, sampling and packing,
for the preparation of the surface, and for all labor, equipment, tools and incidentals necessary to
complete the Item.
606 (1) Pavement markings

(Premixed Reflectorized) Square Meter
606 (2) Pavement markings

(Reflectorized Thermoplastic) Square Meter
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ITEM 607 – REFLECTIVE PAVEMENT STUDS
607.1 Description
This Item shall consist of furnishing and installing reflective pavement studs on the surface of the
pavement in accordance with this Specification and at the locations shown on the Plans, or as required by
the Engineer.
607.2.1 Reflective Studs
Reflective studs shall be either the “Flush Surface” or “Raised Profile” type having the following
characteristics.
The “Flush Surface” reflector shall be the short base type having a maximum base area of 180
mm x 140 mm. The base shall be formed in cast-iron with adequate webbing to insure a firm key to the
road when installed. The pad shall be highly resilient and durable rubber reinforced with canvass and
shall have a design life of at least 5 years. The pad shall be so designed as to produce a self-wiping
action of the reflectors when depressed. The reflectors shall be made of impact and abrasion-resisting
glass and shall be hermetically sealed into a copper socket.
The “Raised Profile” reflectors shall consist of an acrylic plastic shell filled with an adherent
epoxy compound molded from methyl methacyclate into the shape of a shallow frustrum of a pyramid
with base dimensions approximately 100 mm x 100 mm and thickness of not more than 20 mm. The shell
o
shall contain two prismatic reflectors each inclined at an angle of 30 to the horizontal and having an area
2
not less than 20 cm . The reflectors shall attain the following standards for their photometric and physical
properties:
a) The reflectors shall have the minimum specific intensity values expressed as candle
power per foot-candle of illumination at the reflector on a plane perpendicular to the
incident light shown in Table 607.1.
Table 607.1 – Raised Profile Pavement Studs:

Photometric Properties
Specific Intensity Values

Color Crystal Yellow Red
o o o
Divergence Angle 0.2 0.2 2
Incidence Angle
o
0 3.00 1.80 0.75
o
20 1.20 0.72 0.30
Each reflector for testing shall be located with the center of the reflecting face at a diameter of 1.5
m from a uniformly bright light source having an effective diameter of 5 mm. The width of the photocell
shall be 1.2 mm and shall be shielded from stray light. The distance from the centers of the light source
and photocell shall be 5 mm. Failure of more than 4% of the reflective faces shall be a cause for rejection
of the complete batch.
The reflectors shall support a vertical load or kgf(10kN) when tested in the following manner. A
reflector shall be centered horizontally over the open end of a vertically positioned hollow metal cylinders,
75 mm internal diameter, 25 mm high and wall thickness of 6 mm. The load shall be applied to the top of
the reflector through a 6 mm diameter by a 6 mm high metal plug centered on top of the reflector. Failure
shall constitute either breakage or significant deformation of the marker at any load less than 1000 kgf.
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607.2.2 Adhesive
When “Raised Profile” type reflectors are specified, an approved two-part epoxy adhesive shall
be used.
607.2.3 Cement Mortar
Cement mortar shall consist of 1 part of Portland Cement to 2 parts of fine aggregate with water
added as necessary to obtain the required consistency.
607.3.1 Flush Surface Type
The stud shall be installed into the pavement in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions
but shall also comply with the following requirements.
Cavities in the pavement shall be clearly cut to the dimensions of the pavement stud and shall
allow a clearance of 10 mm around the stud base. The longitudinal centerline axis of the cavity shall be
the same as that required for the pavement stud when laid to the correct line and direction.
o
The walls of the cavity shall be splayed back at the angle of approximately 30 to the vertical to
facilitate a “dove-tail” joint after the mortar has set.
The bottom of the cavity shall be levelled with asphalt concrete prior to placing the stud base
which shall be pounded into position with a pounder foot attached to the pneumatic drill.
The depth of the activity shall be such that when the stud base and reflectors have been installed
the elevation of the floor of the lens socket shall not be greater than 2.0 mm or less than 1.0 mm above
the pavement surface.
When the studs are installed into a cement concrete pavement, the stud shall be grouted into
position with asphalt concrete containing fine aggregate only or with a cement mortar as described in
Subsection 607.2.3 above.
607.3.2 Raised Profile Type
The pavement studs shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
The quantity of reflectorized pavement studs to be paid for shall be the number of reflectorized
pavement studs of either the flush surface type or the raised profile type, whichever is called for in the
Contract, installed complete and accepted.
The quantities measured as described in Subsection 607.4, Method of Measurement, shall be

paid for at the contract unit price of the Pay Items shown in the Bid Schedule, which payment shall
constitute full compensation for furnishing and placing all materials, excavating cavities, preparation of
surfaces, applying adhesive and mortar and for all labor, equipment, tools and incidentals necessary to
complete the Item.
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607 (1) Reflectorized Pavement Stud Each

(Flush Type)
607 (2) Reflectorized Pavement Studs Each

(Raised Profile Type)
ITEM 608 – TOPSOIL
608.1 Description
This Item shall consist of topsoil furnished, transported and spread, or topsoil removed from
designated areas, hauled and spread, in accordance with this Specification at the location shown on the
Plans or as required by the Engineer.
Topsoil furnished shall consist of fertile friable soil of loamy character without admixture of
undesirable subsoil, refuse or foreign materials. It shall be obtained from well-drained arable land and
shall be reasonably free from roots, hard clay, coarse gravel, stones larger than 50 mm in size, coarse
sand, noxious seeds, sticks, brush, litter and other deleterious substances. Topsoil shall be capable of
sustaining healthy plant life and shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer.
Topsoil shall contain not less than five (5) percent organic matter as determined by loss or
ignition of samples oven-dried to constant weight.
608.3.1 Sources of Material
Topsoil shall be obtained as specified in Item 102, Excavation, or from other approved sources.
The Contractor shall notify the Engineer at least five days before he intends to start topsoil stripping
operations. After inspection and approval by the Engineer and prior to stripping any topsoil, the
Contractor shall remove noxious weeds and tall grass, brush roots and stones larger than 50 mm in
diameter.
608.3.2 Placing
The topsoil shall be evenly spread on the areas and to the line and level shown on the Plans
and compacted with a light roller to a depth of not less than 100 mm. Spreading shall not be done when
the ground topsoil is excessively wet, or otherwise in a condition detrimental to such work. The roadway
surfaces shall be kept clean during hauling and spreading operations.
After spreading has been completed, large clods, stones, roots, stumps and other loose-lying
materials shall be raked up and removed. Any erosion, irregularities of grade or other incidental damage
to the surface of the topsoil shall be repaired and/or restored to the Engineer’s satisfaction.
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The quantities to be paid for shall be the number of cubic meters of Topsoil removed, furnished
and hauled complete in place and accepted.
The quantities, as determined in Subsection 608.4, Method of Measurement, shall be paid for at
the contract unit price respectively, for each of the particular Pay Items listed below that is shown on the
Bid Schedule, which price and payment shall be full compensation for furnishing and placing all materials
and for all labor, equipment, tools and incidentals necessary to complete the Item.
608(1) Furnishing and Placing Topsoil Cubic Meter
608(2) Placing Topsoil Cubic Meter
ITEM 609 - SPRIGGING
609.1 Description
This Item shall consist of planting sprigs of living grass plants in accordance with this
Specification at locations shown on the Plans or as required by the Engineer.
609.2.1 Sprigs
Sprigs shall be healthy living stems (stolons or rhizomes) with attached roots or perennial turf-
forming grasses of the kinds shown on the Plans, harvested without adhering soil and obtained from
approved sources in the locality of the work where the sod is heavy and thickly matted. The presence of
objectionable grasses, weeds or other detrimental material will be a cause for rejection.
609.2.2 Fertilizers
Fertilizers shall be standard commercial fertilizers supplied separately or in mixture containing

the percentages of total nitrogen, available phosphoric acid and water-soluble potash. They shall be
furnished in standard containers with name, weight and guaranteed analysis of contents clearly marked.
The fertilizers may be supplied in the following form:
1. A dry, free-flowing fertilizer soluble in water, suitable for application by a common fertilizer
spreader.
2. A finely ground fertilizer, soluble in water suitable for application by power sprayer.
3. A granular or pellet form suitable for application by blower equipment.
609.2.3 Ground Limestone
Ground limestone shall contain not less than 85 percent of calcium and magnesium carbonates
and shall be of such fineness that 100 percent shall pass through a 2.00 mm sieve and not less than 35
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percent through a 0.150 mm sieve. Granulated slag may be substituted in lieu of ground limestone
subject to the approval of the Engineer of an adjusted application rate that will provide the equivalent total
neutralizing power of the specified limestone.
609.2.4 Topsoil
Topsoil shall perform to the requirements of Item 608, Topsoil.
609.2.5 Mulch Material
Mulch material shall be hay, straw or other local non-toxic material.
609.3.1 Harvesting Sprigs
The Contractor shall notify the Engineer at least 5 days before sprigs are to be harvested and the
source shall be approved by the Engineer before harvesting begins.
To begin harvesting, grass and woods shall be mowed to a height of 50 to 75 mm and all
clippings removed. Sprigs shall then be loosened by cross-disking, shallow plowing or other acceptable
methods. After loosening the sprigs from the soil, they shall be gathered in small piles or windrows,
watered and kept moist until planted.
Not more than 24 hours shall elapse between harvesting and planting sprigs, except that when
weather or other uncontrollable condition interrupts the work, a time extension may be granted, provided
the sprigs are still moist and viable. Sprigs that have heated in stockpiles, permitted to dry out or
otherwise seriously damaged during harvesting or delivery shall be rejected and be disposed off as
directed.
609.3.2 Advance Preparation and Cleanup
After grading of areas has been completed and before applying fertilizer and ground limestone,
areas to be sprigged shall be raked or otherwise cleared of stone larger than 50 mm in diameter, sticks,
stumps and other debris which might interfere with sprigging, growth of grasses or subsequent
maintenance of grass-covered areas. If any damage by erosion or other causes has occurred after
grading of areas and before beginning the application of fertilizer and ground limestone, the Contractor
shall repair such damage. This may include filling gullies, smoothing irregularities and repairing other
incidental damage.
609.3.3 Topsoiling
If topsoiling is shown on the Plans, it shall be done in accordance with the requirements of Item
608, Topsoil.
609.3.4 Applying Fertilizer and Ground Limestone
Following advance preparation and cleanup, fertilizer shall be uniformly spread at the rate
indicated on the Plans. If use of ground limestone is required, it shall be spread at the rate shown on the
Plans. These materials shall be incorporated into the soil to a depth of not less than 50 mm by disking,
raking or other methods acceptable to the Engineer. Stones larger than 50 mm in diameter, large clods,
roots and other litter brought to the surface by this operation shall be removed.
On steep slopes where fertilizer and ground limestone cannot be incorporated effectively by
mechanical equipment, they may be applied with power sprayers, blower equipment or other approved
method and need not be incorporated into the soil.
247
609.3.5 Planting Sprigs
Sprigging shall not be done during windy weather or when the ground is dry, excessively wet or
otherwise untillable. Sprigs shall be planted in existing ground or in formed embankments or on topsoil
as shown on the Plans. If the soil is not moist when the sprigs are being set, water shall be applied until
the soil is moist and in a workable condition. One or more of the following methods shall be used,
whichever is directed by the Engineer:
1. Broadcast Sprigging – Sprigs shall be broadcast by hand or by suitable equipment in a

uniform layer over the prepared surface with spacing between sprigs not to exceed 150
mm. The sprigs shall then be forced into the soil to a depth of 50 mm to 100 mm with a
straight spade or similar tool, or with a disk harrow or other equipment set to cover the
sprigs to the required depth.
2. Row Sprigging – Furrows shall be opened along the approximate contour of slopes at the
spacing and depth indicated on the Plans. Sprigs shall be placed without delay in
continuous row in the open furrow with successive sprigs touching and shall be covered
immediately.
3. Spot Sprigging – Spot sprigging shall be performed as specified under row sprigging,
except that, instead of planting in continuous rows, groups of four sprigs or more shall be
spaced 450 mm apart in the rows.
609.3.6 Mulching and Compacting
After planting or sprigs has been completed and prior to compacting, the surface shall be cleared
of stones larger than 50 mm in diameter, large clods, roots and other litter brought to the surface during
sprigging.
If mulching of sprigged areas is shown on the Plans, the sprigged area shall be covered with
mulch in accordance with the requirements of Subsection 609.2.5, Mulch Material, within 24 hours from
the time sprigging has been completed, weather and soil conditions permitting.
If mulching is not shown on the Plans, the sprigged area shall be compacted within 24 hours from
the time sprigging has been completed, weather and soil conditions permitting, by cultipackers, rollers or
other satisfactory equipment operated at right angles to the slopes. Compaction shall not be done when
the soil is in such condition that it is picked up by the equipment, nor shall clay soils be compacted if so
directed by the Engineer.
609.3.7 Maintenance of Sprigged Areas
The Contractor shall protect sprigged areas against traffic by warning signs or barricades
approved by the Engineer. Surfaces gullied or otherwise damaged following sprigging shall be repaired
by regrading and resprigging as directed. The Contractor shall mow, water as directed and otherwise
maintain sprigged areas in a satisfactory condition until final inspection and acceptance of the work.
The quantity of sprigging to be paid for shall be the number of units of 100 square meters,
measured on the ground surface, completed and accepted.
The quantity, determined as provided in Subsection 609.4, Method of Measurement, shall be paid
for the Pay Item listed below, which price and payment shall be full compensation for furnishing and
248
placing all materials, for any required mulching of sprigged areas and for all labor, equipment, tools and
incidentals necessary to complete the work prescribed in this Section except topsoiling which shall be
paid for as provided in Item 608, Topsoil.
Pay Item will be made under:
Pay item No. Description Unit of Measurement
609 Sprigging 100 Square Meter
ITEM 610 – SODDING
610.1 Description
This Item shall consist of furnishing and laying of live sod on the shoulders, slopes, ditches, or
other locations as designated, construction of sod ditch checks or similar appurtenances, as shown on
the Plans or as ordered and laid out in the field by the Engineer, all in accordance with this Specification.
The sod shall consist of healthy, dense, well-rooted growth of permanent and desirable grasses
indigenous to the general locality where it is to be used and shall be free from weeds or undesirable
grasses. At the time the sod is cut, the grass on the sod shall have a length of approximately 50 mm (if
longer, the grass shall be cut to approximately this length) and the sod shall have been raked free from
debris.
The sod shall be cut into uniform squares approximately 300 mm x 300 mm, but not larger than is
convenient for handling and transporting.
The thickness of the sod shall be uniform as possible approximately 40 mm or more depending
on the nature of the sod, so that practically all of the dense root system of the grasses will be retained,
but exposed, in the sod strip and that the sod can be handled without undue tearing or breaking.
In the event the sod to be cut is in a dry condition as to cause scrumbling or breaking during
cutting operations, the Contractor, at his own expense, shall apply water in sufficient quantities at least 12
hours before cutting to provide a well-moistened condition of the sod to the depth to which it is to be cut.
Sods shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer.
610.3.1 Preparation of the Earth Bed
The area to be sodded shall be constructed to the required cross-section and contour, and the
tops and bottoms of the slopes shall be rounded as shown in the typical roadway sections.
The areas to be sodded shall be free from stones, roots or other undesirable foreign materials.
The soil on the area to be sodded shall be loosened and brought to a reasonably fine texture to a
depth of not less than 30 mm by means of equipment on hand methods adapted for the purpose.
249
610.3.2 Placing the Sod
The earth bed upon which the sod is to be placed shall be moistened to the loosened depth, if not
naturally sufficiently moist, and the sod shall be placed thereon within 24 hours after the same has been
cut.
Unless otherwise required, the sod on slopes shall be laid on horizontal strips beginning at the
bottom of the slope and working upwards. When placing sod in ditches, or in the construction of sod ditch
checks or similar appurtenances, the length of the strips shall be laid at right angles to the direction of the
flow of the water.
Sod shall be laid so that the joints caused by abutting ends of sod strip are not continuous.
Each sod strip shall be so laid as to abut snugly against the strip previously laid.
As the sod is being laid it shall be lightly tamped with suitable wooden or metal tampers
sufficiently to set or press the sod into the underlying soil.
At points where it is anticipated that water may flow over a sodded area, the upper edges of the
sod strips shall be turned into the soil to be below the adjacent area and a layer of earth place over this
juncture and thoroughly compacted. At the limits of sodded areas, the end strips shall be turned in and
treated similarly.
610.3.3 Staking the Sod
On all slopes steeper than one vertical to four horizontal, sod shall be pegged with stakes 200-
300 mm in length, spaced as required by the nature of the soil and steepness of slope. Stakes shall be
driven into the sod at right angles to the slope until flush with the bottom of the grass blades.
610.3.4 Top Dressing
After staking has been completed, the surface shall be cleared of loose sod, excess soil or other
foreign material, whereupon a thin layer of topsoil shall be scattered over the sod as a top dressing and
the areas shall then be thoroughly moistened by sprinkling with water.
610.3.5 Watering
The Contractor shall regularly water and maintain sodded areas in a satisfactory condition for the
duration of the Contract and until final acceptance of the work by the Engineer.
Sodding shall be measured by the square meter and the quantity to be measured for payment
shall be the actual number of square meters of area on which sod has been placed in accordance with
this Specification and within the limits of construction as designated on the Plans or as ordered by the
Engineer.
The quantity as determined in Subsection 610.4, Method of Measurement, shall be paid for at
Contract unit price per square meter for Sodding which price and payment shall be full compensation for
preparing the earth bed, for furnishing, placing, staking, top dressing and watering the sod, and for all
labor, equipment, tools and incidentals necessary to complete the Item.
610 Sodding Square Meter
250
ITEM 611 – TREE PLANTING
611.1 Description
This Item shall consist of furnishing and planting deciduous shade, flowering trees and evergreen
trees less than 150 mm in diameter on the areas and in the arrangements indicated on the Plans or as
indicated by the Engineer, including the digging and preparation of pocket holes, furnishing and placing
the necessary topsoil, mulch, water, fertilizer and other incidentals necessary to complete the Item.
611.2.1 Topsoil
Topsoil shall conform to the requirements of Item 608, Topsoil.
611.2.2 Mulching
Mulching material shall consist of approved wood chips, ground or crushed corn cobs, wood
shavings, sawdust or peat moss. Wood chips shall be combination of wood slivers with ground wood or
sawdust.
Bracing stakes for plants shall be 50 mm x 50 mm of rough wood free from unsound loose knots,
rot, cross grain and sapwood or other defects that may impair its strength.
Anchor stakes shall be of the same quality as bracing stakes and of the size specified under
operations calling for their use.
Wrapping material for trees shall be waterproof paper or burlap.
The tying material to be used in wrapping trees shall be jute twine or similar material not less than
2-ply for trees 7.5 mm or less in diameter and 3-ply for trees over 7.5 mm in diameter.
The wire to be used in bracing trees 7.5 mm or less in diameter shall be 3 mm (No. 11)
galvanized steel wire and for trees over 75 mm in diameter, 40 mm (No. 9) galvanized steel wire shall be
used. All wires shall be new and free from bends or kinks.
611.2.3 Trees
All trees furnished under this Item shall be 150 mm or less in diameter and shall be true to name
and type and shall follow standard names of trees in accordance with the Bureau of Forestry Standards
as adopted by the Department of Public Works and Highways.
When specified in the Provisions, certain varieties of plants will be furnished by the government.
The Contractor shall submit complete and detailed information concerning the sources of supply
for each item of plant materials before planting operations.
All existing laws and regulations requiring inspection for plant diseases and infections shall be
complied with and each delivery shall be accompanied by necessary certificates of clearance to be
presented to the Engineer.
Plants furnished by the Contractor shall be healthy, shapely and well-rooted and roots shall show
no evidence of having been restricted or deformed at any time. Plants shall be well-grown and free from
insect pest and disease.
Root condition of plants furnished by the Contractor in containers will be determined by the
removal of earth from the roots of not less than two plants nor more than two (2) percent of total number
of plants of each specie or variety except when container-grown plants are from several sources, the
251
roots of not less than two plants of each specie or variety from each source will be inspected by the
Engineer. In case the sample plants inspected are found to be defective, the Government reserves the
right to reject the entire lot or lots of plants represented by the defective samples. Any plant rendered
unsuitable for planting because of this inspection will be considered as samples and will not be paid for.
611.3 Construction Methods
611.3.1 Balling of Plants and Trees
Balling is employed in plants and trees to be transplanted or transferred. To ball out the trees,
the depth to which the root system reaches is first determined. Digging around the tree is then done,
being careful not to cut many roots. Watering the soil before balling is prohibited. The surface of the
earth is kept as smooth as possible. After the tree is dug out, the roots and earth is wrapped immediately
with the sacking material. The tree could now be tipped over and rolled to a new location. These plants
shall be hauled by the ball only and not by the plant itself. The slightest indication of manufactured earth
balls or hauling of the plants itself will be a cause for rejection of such plants.
611.3.2 Digging Plants
All plants, nursery-grown or collected, shall be dug with care and skill immediately before
shipping and avoiding all possible injury to the plants, loss or damage of the roots, particular attention
being given to fibrous roots in this respect. After the plants are dug, their roots shall not be permitted to
dry out. They shall not be exposed to hot temperatures. All plants shall be dug in dormant state and
shall be so held until planted.
611.3.3 Temporary Storage and Plant Spray
After delivery and inspection, the plants shall be sprayed with an approved anti-desiccant prior to
planting, heeling-in or storing, except in the case of collected stock which shall not be heeled-in or stored,
but shall be sprayed with anti-desiccant immediately and planted within 36 hours after digging.
The spray shall cover both upper and lower surfaces of the branches and foilage to the point of
run-off. Spray nozzles shall be the type to produce a fine mist.
Spraying shall be included for payment in the pertinent planting item. Following spray treatment
with anti-desiccant, all plants which cannot be planted promptly shall be heeled-in in a trench, spread and
the roots covered with moist soil. If plants are not to be stored for a period longer than 10 days, they
may be placed in an approved well-ventilated, cool and moist storage shed and the roots completely
covered with moist straw. All plants heeled-in or stored shall be properly maintained by the Contractor
until planted. In the event heeled-in plant material must be held over for a longer period, such heeled-in
material shall be lifted and replanted in a satisfactory manner in nursery rows.
The ball of soil and roots of balled and burlapped plants, if not immediately planted after delivery
and inspection, shall be adequately protected by topsoil covering until removed for planting in a manner
appropriate to the conditions and satisfactory to the Engineer.
Such emergency storage of plant shall be at the entire risk of the Contractor, including
maintenance of same.
611.3.4 Layout of Planting
Before digging pocket holes or beds, the Contractor shall lay out, by suitable staking, the location
of all pocket holes and beds. The layout of planting shall be approved by the Engineer.
611.3.5 Roots and Top Pruning
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The ends of all broken and damaged roots, 6 mm diameter or larger, shall be pruned with a clean
cut removing no more than the injured portion. All plants shall be pruned to balance the top with the root
system keeping the natural shape of the species. All dead woods shall be removed. All cuts and
wounds, 12 mm or over in diameter, shall be painted with tree wound dressing immediately after the
pruning.
611.3.6 Pocket Holes
Pocket holes shall be dug at the locations shown on the Plans or as directed by Engineer. The
holes shall be dug to the depth and cross-section specified and should be of sufficient size to provide for
not less than 150 mm of top soil backfill beneath and around the root system. The holes shall be dug with
the sides vertical. Surplus excavation from the bed and pocket holes shall be disposed off as directed by
the Engineer.
611.3.7 Backfill
The pocket holes shall be backfilled with topsoil as each plant is set. The topsoil shall be well-
tamped by the worker’s feet, rods or other approved tamping devices as it is shovelled into the holes.
The backfill in holes on slopes shall be built-up on the lower side to catch and hold water. During planting
the topsoil surrounding the plant be slightly depressed to hold water.
611.3.8 Planting
The plants to be planted shall be the specie, variety and size specified. The operation of the
actual planting shall not be performed at any time when the soil is not in a friable or workable condition.
The Engineer shall also approve the location of each individual plant taking into consideration its size and
shape, in order that the best possible arrangement will result.
One plant shall be planted in the center of each pocket hole and in the arrangement shown on the
Plans. The plants shall be set on tamped topsoil backfill brought to the height necessary to plant them at
the same depth they grew, carefully spreading out the roots of barefoot stock in their natural position.
Upright plants shall be kept in a vertical position. After placing the plant in the hole, the backfill shall be
carefully made, tamping with the worker’s feet and with round-end rods or other approved tamping
devices to insure topsoil in and about all the roots. The topsoil shall be settled in and about the plant
roots by application of water but at no time shall tamping or further topsoil backfill be made while this wet
topsoil backfill is of a consistency that would permit its being compacted or puddled by so doing. All
compaction shall be such that no plant will settle lower than the depth above specified. No air pocket
shall be left around the root of any plants.
After filling halfway on the earth ball, the burlap shall be loosened and the top half cut off and
removed after which the balance of the pocket hole shall be backfilled and tamped.
After planting and prior to mulching, fertilizers shall be applied evenly over the top of the
backfilled area. Care shall be used so that the fertilizer does not get into contact with the stem, trunk,
branches or leaves of the plants.
611.3.8.1 Tree Planting along National Road
The trees to be used for this purpose shall be the varieties the root systems of which grow
downward rather than sideward to avoid situations where the roots spread sideward and consequently
destroy the road and sidewalk slabs.
Trees shall be planted in a neat row, within the road right-of-way (ROW) and as close as
possible to the ROW limit, with sufficient allowance so that the trees when fully grown will not encroach on
the adjoining property or touch electric and other overhead utility lines. The center-to-center spacing
between trees shall be 10-20 metres (m). For road sections with a generally north-south alignment, the
trees on one side of the road shall be staggered vis-à-vis the trees on the other side of the road. This
253
arrangement will help to ensure that enough sunlight will fall on the road and thus help to keep the road
dry even during the rainy season.
For roads without curbs, the trees shall be planted with a minimum clear distance of 0.60 m
beyond the edge of the shoulder, but in no case less than 3.0 m from the edge of the pavement. For
roads with curbs, particularly in urban areas, the trees shall be planted with a minimum setback of 1.00 m
beyond the face of the curb.
Where there are longitudinal drainage canals, the trees shall be planted on the outer side of such
canals. On the roadway curves and intersections, the pertinent design standards on sight distance shall
be observed.
Non-traversable hazards (ravine, waiting shed, etc.) along the line of trees shall be provided with
appropriate barriers, e.g., guardrails, and clearly marked, so that these do not pose hazards to motorists.
The Contractor concerned shall undertake and be responsible for the maintenance of the planted
trees during the contract warranty period of the road project covered by his contract. The contractor’s
maintenance work shall comply with the provision of subsection 611.3.10 (Watching and Maintenance).
The maintenance of trees shall be faithfully undertaken as an integral part of the regular road
maintenance program and shall be included in the reports therefore as a regular work item under Activity
No. 209 of the Highway Maintenance Activity Standards.
The tree planting shall be undertaken not only along national roads programmed for construction
or improvement, but also along existing national roads especially those outside developed urban areas
where there are no trees or only a few trees have been planted. For such existing roads, the required
tree planting shall be undertaken by the District Engineering Office concerned. The tree planting shall be
undertaken in both contractual projects and projects by administration.
611.3.9 Mulching
Within 24 hours after planting, mulching material shall be spread to cover the plant hole and the
area 150 mm outside the periphery of the plant hole. The depth and application for wood chips shall be
a minimum of 150 mm. For ground or crushed corn cobs, sawdust or peat moss the minimum depth shall
be 100 mm.
611.3.10 Watering and Maintenance
All plants shall be watered during the planting operations, subject to direction and approval of the
Engineer. From time to time during the life of the Contract, sufficient water shall be applied so that not
only will the topsoil backfill about each plant be kept moist, but also for moisture to extend into the
surrounding soil.
The Contractor shall, during the life of the Contract, properly care for all plants furnished, planted
or stored, performing such watering, weeding, cultivating or other ordinary maintenance work as shall be
necessary to keep the stock in a live and healthy condition. Plants which have died back into the crown
or beyond a normal pruning line shall be replaced by the Contract at no additional expense to the
Government.
611.3.11 Bracing
All deciduous and evergreen trees shall be braced immediately after planting. Deciduous trees
from 1.20 m to 1.80 m in height shall have one vertical support stake. Deciduous trees from 1.80 m to
2.50 m in height shall have two vertical support stakes.
Balled and burlapped deciduous or evergreen trees within the above size ranges shall be
supported with the number of stakes specified for the group but instead of being placed vertically, shall be
driven so that the stake does not enter or contact the earth ball around the plant roots. The stake or
stakes shall be so placed that after being driven in place, the upper foot of the stake is within
254
approximately 100 mm of the trunk at one-half of the height of the tree. If two are required, they shall be
driven on opposite sides of the tree with the stake tops on opposite sides for fastening.
All trees, deciduous or evergreen over two and one-half meters shall be braced by the tripod
method as directed by the Engineer.
611.3.12 Dead Trees
Before completion and final acceptance of the project, all trees not healthy or that have died back
into the crown or beyond the normal pruning line shall be replaced by the Contractor at his own expense
with trees of the specified species or variety, size and quality and meeting the Specification.
The quantity to be paid for shall be the number of trees of each specie or variety called for in the
Plans furnished, planted and accepted with the necessary mulch, topsoil, water, fertilizer and other
incidentals to complete the Item.
The quantities as determined in Subsection 611.4, Method of Measurement, shall be paid for at
the contract unit price each of the trees of each specie or variety furnished, planted and accepted which
price and payment shall constitute full compensation for furnishing all labor, tools and incidentals
necessary to complete the Item.
611 (1) Trees (Furnishing and

Transpplanting) Each
611 (2) Trees (Transplanting) Each
ITEM 612 – REFLECTIVE THERMOPLASTIC STRIPPING MATERIALS ( SOLID FORM)
612.1 Description
This standard specifies the requirement for reflectorized thermoplastic pavement striping material
conforming to AASHTO M 249 that is applied to the road surface in a molten state by mechanical means
with surface application of glass beads at a rate of not less than 350 g/L of glass beads having a size
range of drop-in type and will produce an adherent reflectorized stripe of specified thickness and width
capable of resisting deformation by traffic.
612.2 Materials Requirements
1. Reflectorized Thermoplastic Pavement Material shall be homogeneously composed of

pigment, filler, resins and glass reflectorizing spheres.
255
The thermoplastic material shall be available to both white and yellow.
2. Glass Beads (Pre-Mix) shall be uncoated and shall comply with the following requirements:
Refractive Index, min. - 1.50

Spheres, Percent, min. - 90
Gradation:
Sieve Mass Percent Passing
mm
0.850 100
0.600 75-95
0.425 -
0.300 15-35
0.180 -
0.150 0-5
612.3 General Requirements
612.3.1 Composition
The pigment, beads and filler shall be uniformly dispersed in the resin. The material shall be free
from all skins, dirt and foreign objects and shall comply with the requirements as specified in Table 612.1.
Table 612.1 – Composition Requirements
Component White Yellow

Binder, min. 18.0 18.0
Glass Beads:
min. 30 30
max. 40 40
Titanium
Dioxide, min. 10.0
Chrome Yellow,
Medium, min. 10.0
Calcium Carbonate
And Inert Fillers,
Max. 42.0 42.0
612.3.2 Qualitative
The material shall conform to the qualitative requirements as specified in Table 612.2.
Table 612.2 – Qualitative Requirements
Property Requirements
White Yellow
Specific Gravity, max. 2.15
Drying Time, minutes, max. 10.0
Bond Strength to Portland
Cement Concrete after
heating for four (4) hours
o
±5 min. @ 218 C, MPa, max. 1.24
Cracking Resistance @ low
temp. after heating for
four (4) hours ±5 min. @ 218
o
±2 C. No cracks
Impact Resistance after
256
heating for four (4) hours
o
±5 min. @ 218 ±2 C and
forming test specimens,
mm/kg, min. 115
o
Softening Point after heating 102.5 ± 9.5 C
for four (4) hours ±5 min.
o
@ 218 ±2 C.
Daylight reflectant @ 45 75 45
Degrees – 0 degrees, % min.
612.4 Application Properties

o
The material shall readily extrude at a temperature of 211 ± 7 C, from approved equipment to
produce a line 3.2 to 4.8 mm thick which shall be continuous and uniform in shape having clear and sharp
dimensions.
The material shall not exude fumes which are toxic, obnoxious or injurious to persons or property
when heated during applications.
The application of additional glass beads by drop-in methods shall be at a rate of not less than
350 g/L of glass beads having a size range for drop-in type. The typical size range of spheres of drop-in
type paints is as follows.
Passing 850 um (#20) sieve and

retained on 250 um (#60) sieve, % 80 – 100
a) Preparation of Road Surface – the materials should be applied only on the surface which is
clean and dry. It shall not be laid into loose detritus, mud or similar extraneous matter, or over an old
paint markings, or over an old thermoplastic marking which is faulty. In the case of smooth, polished
surface stones such as smooth concrete, old asphalt surfacing with smooth polished surface stones
and/or where the method of application of the manufacturer of the thermoplastic materials shall be
recommended, and with the approval of the Engineer.
b) Preparation of Thermoplastic Materials – The materials shall be melted in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instruction in a heater fitted with a mechanical stirrer to give a smooth consistency to the
thermoplastic and such the local overheating shall be avoided. The temperature of the mass shall be
within the range specified by the manufacturer and shall on no account be allowed to exceed the
maximum temperature stated by the manufacturer. The molten material shall be used as expeditiously as
possible and for thermoplastics which have natural resin binders or otherwise sensitive to prolong heating
the materials shall not be maintained in a molden condition for more than 4 hours.
c) Laying – Center lines, lane lines and edges lines shall be applied by approved mechanical
means and shall be laid in regular alignment. Other markings may be applied by hand – screed, hand
propelled machine or by self-propelled machine approved or directed by the Engineer. After transfer to
the laying apparatus the materials shall be maintained within the temperature range specified by the
manufacturer and stirred to maintain the right consistency for laying.
In the case of screen application, the material shall be laid to a thickness of not less than 3 mm
or more than 6 mm unless authorized by the Engineer when laid over an existing markings. In the case
of sprayed application the material shall be laid to thickness of not less than 1.5 mm unless authorized by
the Engineer. In all cases the surface produced shall be uniform and appreciably free from bubbles and
steaks. Where the Contractor Documents require or the Engineer direct that ballotini shall be applied to
the surface of the markings, these shall be applied uniformly to the surface of hot thermoplastic
immediately after laying such that the quality of ballotini firmly embedded and retained in the surface after
completion complies with the requirements of Sub-section 606.2.2, Material Requirements.
257
Road markings of a repetitive nature, other center lines, lane lines, etc., shall unless otherwise
directed by the Engineer be set out with stencils which comply with the size and spacing requirements
shown on the Plans.
d) Re-use of Thermoplastic Materials – At the end of day’s as much as possible the material
remaining in the heater and/or laying apparatus shall be removed. This may be broken and used again
provided that the maximum heating temperature has not been exceeded and that the total time during
which it is a molden condition does not exceed the requirements of Sub-section 606.2.3, Construction
Requirements.
612.4.1 Defective Materials or Workmanship
Materials which are defective or have been applied in an unsatisfactory manner or to incorrect
dimensions or in a wrong location shall be removed, the road pavement shall be made good and
materials replaced, reconstructed and/or properly located, all at the Contractor’s expenses and to the
satisfaction of the Engineer.
612.4.2 Protection of the Traffic
The Contractor shall protect pedestrians, vehicles and other traffic adjacent to the working area
against damage or disfigurement by construction equipment, tools and materials or by spatters, splashes
and smirches or paint or other construction materials and during the course of the work, provide and
maintain adequate signs and signals for the warning and guidance of traffic.
612.5 Sampling
A minimum weight of 10 kg. of Reflectorized Thermoplastic paint shall be taken for every 100
bags or fraction thereof.
612.6 Testing
The material shall be tested in accordance with AASHTO T 250 or with the appropriate method in
ASTM designation.
612.7 Packing and Marking
The material shall be packaged in a suitable containers to which it will not adhere during
shipment and storage. The blocks of cast thermoplastic material shall be approximately 300 x 915 by 51
mm and shall weigh approximately 23 kg. Each container label shall designate the color, manufacturer’s
name, batch number and date of manufacture. Each batch manufactured shall have its own separate
o
number. The label shall warn the user that the material shall be heated to 211 ± 7 C during application.
The quantity of pavement markings to be paid for shall be the area as shown on the Plans of
painted traffic line of the stated width and the area as shown on the plans of symbols, lettering, hatching
and the like, completed and accepted.
The quantity shown in the Bill of Quantities represents the approximate quantity in square meter
of pavement markings, with width as shown applied at the centerline of the road pavements to which may
be increased or decreased depending on the Engineer’s decision whether to require additional markings
or delete parts of it. Other markings representing symbols, lettering, hatching and others in locations
where they maybe required by the Engineer shall, likewise, be implemented by the Contractor using
reflectorized thermoplastic pavement markings as approved and directed.
258
The quantities measured as determined in Subsection 612.8, Method of Measurement, shall be

paid for at the appropriate contract unit price for the Pay Items shown in the Bid Schedule which price and
payment shall constitute full compensation for furnishing and placing all materials, sampling and packing,
for the preparation of the surface, and for all labor, equipment, tools and incidentals necessary to
complete the Item.
612(1) Reflectorized Thermoplastic Square Meter

Pavement Markings (White)
612(2) Reflectorized Thermoplastic Square Meter
Pavement Markings (Yellow)
259

ITEM 600 Latest 2004

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PART H – MISCELLANEOUS STRUCTURES

ITEM 600 – CURB AND GUTTER

600.2 Material Requirements

600.2.1 Material for Bed Course

600.2.3 Expansion Joint Filler

600.2.4 Cement Mortar

600.2.5 Bonding Compound

Where bonding compound is used, it shall conform to AASHTO M 200.

600.3 Construction Requirements

600.3.2 Cast in Place Curb and Gutter

600.3.3 Precast Curb and Gutter

600.3.3.2 Handling Precast Curb and Gutter

600.4 Method of Measurement

600.5 Basis of Payment

Pay Item Number Description Unit of Measurement

600 (1) Concrete Curb (Cast in place) Linear Meter

ITEM 601 – SIDEWALK

601.2 Material Requirements

601.2.1 Portland Cement Concrete

601.2.3 Expansion Joint Filler

601.2.5 Bed Course Material

601.2.6 Asphaltic Prime Coat

601.3 Construction Requirements

601.3.2 Cement Concrete Sidewalk

601.4 Method of Measurement

Payment will be made under:

Pay Item No. Description Unit of Measurement

601 Sidewalk Square Meter

602.2 Material Requirements

602.3 Construction Requirements

602.4 Method of Measurement

602.5 Basis of Payment

The quantities determined as provided in Subsection 602.4, Method of Measurement, shall be

Pay Item Number Description Unit of Measurement\

602 (1) Right-of-Way monuments Each

ITEM 603 – GUARDRAIL

603.2 Material Requirements

1. Wire rope or wire cable AASHTO M 30

603.3 Construction Requirements

603.3.2 Rail Elements

603.5 Basis of Payment

The accepted quantities of guardrail, determined in Subsection 603.4, Method of Measurement,

Payment will be made under:

Pay Item No. Description Unit of Measurement

603 (1) Guardrail (Wire rope or Wire cable) Linear Meter

ITEM 604 – FENCING

604.2 Material Requirements

604.2.1 Barbed Wire

604.2.2 Chain Link Fence Fabric

604.2.3 Concrete Post

604.2.4 Steel Post

604.2.5 Steel Reinforcement

Gates shall be constructed as shown on the Plans

604.3.1 Erection Post

604.3.2 Installation of Chain Link Fence fabric

604.4 Method of Measurement

604.5 Basis of Payment

Pay Item No. Description Unit of Measurement

604 (1) Fencing (Barbed wire) Linear Meter

ITEM 605 – ROAD SIGN

605.2 Material Requirements

605.2.1 Sign Panels

605.2.2 Reflective Sheeting