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Typical Application
Forward Characteristics of LTC4415
Prioritized Power Supply ORing vs MBRS410E Schottky
CURRENT LIMIT
PRIMARY IDEAL 4
IN1 OUT1 TO
POWER
LOAD
SOURCE 100k 4.7µF LTC4415
LTC4415
LOAD CURRENT (A)
3
EN1 SCHOTTKY
21.5k CLIM1 STAT1 DIODE
CLIM2 WARN1 MBRS410E
2
124Ω 124Ω WARN2
STAT2 RON = 50mΩ
EN2 1
IDEAL
IN2 OUT2
SECONDARY + 4415 TA01a
POWER
SOURCE GND 0
0 100 200 300 400 500
FORWARD VOLTAGE DROP (mV)
4415 TA01b
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LTC4415
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)
IN1, IN2, OUT1, OUT2, CLIM1, CLIM2, Storage Temperature Range................... –65°C to 150°C
STAT1, STAT2, WARN1, WARN2 Voltage........ –0.3V to 6V Peak Reflow Temperature...................................... 260°C
EN1, EN2 Voltage.................. –0.3V to Max (VINx, VOUTx)
Operating Junction Temperature Range
(Notes 3, 4)..............................................–40°C to 125°C
Pin Configuration
TOP VIEW
IN1* 1 16 OUT1*
IN1* 2 15 OUT1* TOP VIEW
Order Information
LEAD FREE FINISH TAPE AND REEL PART MARKING* PACKAGE DESCRIPTION TEMPERATURE RANGE
LTC4415EDHC#PBF LTC4415EDHC#TRPBF 4415 16-Lead (5mm × 3mm) Plastic DFN –40°C to 125°C
LTC4415IDHC#PBF LTC4415IDHC#TRPBF 4415 16-Lead (5mm × 3mm) Plastic DFN –40°C to 125°C
LTC4415EMSE#PBF LTC4415EMSE#TRPBF 4415 16-Lead Plastic MSOP –40°C to 125°C
LTC4415IMSE#PBF LTC4415IMSE#TRPBF 4415 16-Lead Plastic MSOP –40°C to 125°C
Consult LTC Marketing for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges. *The temperature grade is identified by a label on the shipping container.
Consult LTC Marketing for information on non-standard lead based finish parts.
For more information on lead free part marking, go to: http://www.linear.com/leadfree/
For more information on tape and reel specifications, go to: http://www.linear.com/tapeandreel/
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LTC4415
Electrical
The Characteristics l denotes the specifications which apply over the specified operating
junction temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C (Notes 2, 3). VIN1 = VIN2 = 3.6V, RCLIM = 250Ω, unless otherwise
specified.
SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
VIN1, VOUT1, Operating Supply Range At Least One Input/Output Must Be in This Range l 1.7 5.5 V
VIN2, VOUT2
VUVLO Undervoltage Lockout VINx Rising l 1.63 1.7 V
Hysteresis 55 mV
IQF Quiescent Current In Forward Regulation VIN1 = VEN1 = VEN2 = 3.6V, IOUT1 = –1mA, l 44 80 µA
(Note 5) VIN2 = VOUT2 = 0V, Measured Through GND Pin
IQOFF Quiescent Current In Shutdown VIN1 = VIN2 = VEN2 = 3.6V, VEN1 = 0V, l 13 28 µA
VOUT1 = VOUT2 = 0V, Measured Through GND Pin
IQR(OUT) Reverse Turn-Off Current: OUT1 VIN1 = 3.6V, VOUT1 = 3.7V, VIN2 = 3.5V, VOUT2 = 3.6V l 18 40 µA
OUT2 (VOUT1 > VOUT2) l 5 11 µA
IQR(IN) INx Pin Current In Reverse Turn-Off VOUT1 = VOUT2 = 5.5V l 4 10 µA
ILEAK(IN) INx Pin Leakage Current VIN1 = VIN2 = 0V, VOUT1 = VOUT2 = 5.5V –1 1 µA
VFR Forward Regulation Voltage (VINx – VOUTx) IOUTx = –1mA l 5 15 25 mV
VRTO Reverse Turn-Off Voltage (VINx – VOUTx) l –50 –30 –10 mV
RFR Forward Dynamic Resistance in IOUTx = –100mA to –300mA 18 30 mΩ
Regulation
RON On-Resistance in Constant Resistance IOUTx = –1A 50 70 mΩ
Mode
tON PowerPath Turn-On Time (Notes 6, 7) Before Enable VOUT1 = 1.5V, Diode 1 10 µs
Before Enable VOUT2 = 1.5V, Diode 2 23 µs
Before Enable VOUTx = 0V 250 µs
tON(SD) PowerPath Turn-On from Shutdown Both Diodes Disabled and VOUTx = 1.5V Before Enable 70 µs
(Note 7) Both Diodes Disabled and VOUTx = 0V Before Enable 320 µs
tSWITCH PowerPath Switchover Time VINx ↑ (2.6V to 4.6V) to VOUTx Starts Rising, Both 9 µs
Diodes Enabled, OUT1 and OUT2 Tied Together
tOFF PowerPath Turn-Off Time Disable to IIN Falling from 100mA to 1mA 2 µs
tSS Soft-Start Duration (Note 8) VOUTx = 0V 2 ms
Current Monitor
Current Monitor Ratio ICLIMx /IOUTx When IOUTx = –4A 0.9 1 1.1 mA/A
ICLIMx /IOUTx When IOUTx = –2A 0.8 1 1.2 mA/A
Current Limit
VCLIM CLIM Clamp Voltage In Current Limit 0.5 V
ILIM(ADJ) Current Limit Adjustability l 0.5 4 A
Accuracy of Adjustable Current Limit VOUTx = VINx – 0.5V, Current Limit = 4A l ±8 %
Threshold VOUTx = VINx – 0.5V, Current Limit = 2A l ±15 %
ILIM(INT) Internal Current Limit RCLIMx = 0Ω, VOUTx = 0V l 4 6 9 A
TWARN Thermal Warning Threshold Rising Temperature 130 °C
Hysteresis 15 °C
TSD Thermal Shutdown Threshold Rising Temperature 160 °C
Hysteresis 20 °C
Open-Drain Status Outputs (STAT1, WARN1, STAT2, WARN2)
VOL Open-Drain Output Low Voltage Current Into Open-Drain Output = 3mA l 0.05 0.4 V
Open-Drain Output High Leakage Current Open-Drain Output Voltage = 5.5V l 0 1 µA
tSTAT(ON) STAT Turn-On Time (Note 6) EN1 Rising to STAT1 Pull-Down 5 µs
EN2 Falling to STAT2 Pull-Down 18 µs
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LTC4415
Electrical
The Characteristics l denotes the specifications which apply over the specified operating
junction temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C (Notes 2, 3). VIN1 = VIN2 = 3.6V, RCLIM = 250Ω, unless otherwise
specified.
SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
tSTAT(OFF) STAT Turn-Off Time Disable to STAT Pull-Up 2 µs
tWARN(ON) WARN Turn-On Time Current Limit to WARN Pull-Down 500 µs
tWARN(OFF) WARN Turn-Off Time Out of Current Limit to WARN Pull-Up 5 µs
Enable Inputs (EN1, EN2)
VENTH EN1 Rising and EN2 Falling Thresholds l 760 800 840 mV
VENHYST EN1 and EN2 Hysteresis 55 mV
Enable Pin Current When Pulled High VEN1 = VEN2 = 3.6V l 0 1 µA
Note 1: Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings Note 4: The LTC4415 includes overtemperature protection that is intended
may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to any Absolute to protect the device during momentary overload conditions. Junction
Maximum Rating condition for extended periods may affect device temperature will exceed 125°C when overtemperature protection is active.
reliability and lifetime. Continuous operation above the specified maximum operating junction
Note 2: Unless otherwise specified, current into a pin is positive and temperature may impair device reliability.
current out of a pin is negative. Note 5: One channel enabled. Quiescent current is identical for each
Note 3: The LTC4415 is tested under pulsed load conditions such that channel.
TJ ≈ TA. The LTC4415E is guaranteed to meet performance specifications Note 6: Enable inputs are driven to supply levels. Other diode is already
from 0°C to 85°C. Specifications over the –40°C to 125°C operating enabled so the chip bias circuits are active.
junction temperature range are assured by design, characterization and Note 7: Turn-on time is measured from enable to IOUTx rising through
correlation with statistical process controls. The LTC4415I is guaranteed 1mA. When the output voltage is more than 1.2V, soft-start is disabled and
over the full –40°C to 125°C operating junction temperature range. turn-on is faster.
The junction temperature (TJ in °C) is calculated from the ambient Note 8: Current ramps from zero to the current limit during the soft-start
temperature (TA in °C) and power dissipation (PD in Watts) according to duration. Soft-start is measured from 10% to 90% of the current limit. If
the formula: the load condition is such that the current does not need to go up to the
TJ = TA + (PD • θJA) current limit during start-up, the output voltage may reach steady state
Note that the maximum ambient temperature consistent with these sooner.
specifications is determined by specific operating conditions in
conjunction with board layout, the rated package thermal impedance and
other environmental factors.
70 70
3
FORWARD CURRENT (A)
60 60
RON (mΩ)
RON (mΩ)
2 50 50
40 40
1 125°C
90°C 30 30
25°C
–40°C
0 20 20
0 50 100 150 200 250 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 1 2 3 4 5 6
FORWARD VOLTAGE DROP (mV) TEMPERATURE (°C) INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
4415 G01 4415 G02 4415 G03
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LTC4415
Typical Performance Characteristics
TA = 25°C, VIN1 = VIN2 = 3.6V, RCLIM = 250Ω unless otherwise noted.
1µ BOTH DIODES ON
80 80 BOTH DIODES ON
10p 0 0
–50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 1 2 3 4 5 6
TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C) INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
4415 G04 4415 G05 4415 G06
RCLIM = 124Ω
RCLIM = 124Ω
60
4 4
IQF (µA)
3 3
40
RCLIM = 249Ω RCLIM = 249Ω
2 2
20
1 RCLIM = 1000Ω 1 RCLIM = 1000Ω
RCLIM = 124Ω
0 0 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150
OUTPUT CURRENT (A) OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) TEMPERATURE (°C)
4415 G07 4415 G08 4415 G09
1.20 1.20
0.80 0.80
IOUT = 2A
RCLIM = 124Ω RCLIM = 124Ω
0.70 0.70
–50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 0 1 2 3 4
TEMPERATURE (°C) OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
4415 G10 4415 G11
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LTC4415
Typical Performance Characteristics
TA = 25°C, VIN1 = VIN2 = 3.6V, RCLIM = 250Ω unless otherwise noted.
Enable and Disable Response for Enable and Disable Response for Switchover in Diode-OR
Large Load Capacitor Small Load Capacitor Application
VIN2 = 4.6V
VOUT1 VOUT1 VIN1,
2V/DIV 2V/DIV
VIN2 VIN1 = 3.6V
1V/DIV
IIN1
2A/DIV VIN2 = 2.6V
IIN1
2A/DIV
WARN1 WARN1 VOUT1,2
5V/DIV 5V/DIV 1V/DIV 3.55V
STAT1 STAT1
5V/DIV 5V/DIV
EN1 EN1 STAT1
5V/DIV 5V/DIV 5V/DIV
STAT2
5V/DIV
4415 G12 4415 G13
COUT1 = 1200µF 1ms/DIV COUT1 = 47µF 1ms/DIV COUT = 47µF 20µs/DIV 4415 G17
Short-Circuit Response
Load Step Response Short-Circuit Response at Heavy Load
VIN 3.6V
VIN 3.6V VIN 3.6V
0.5V/DIV
5V/DIV 5V/DIV
10mA 1A
4415 G14
COUT = 47µF 40µs/DIV COUT = 4.7µF 100µs/DIV 4415 G15
COUT = 4.7µF 40µs/DIV 4415 G16
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LTC4415
Typical Performance Characteristics
TA = 25°C, VIN1 = VIN2 = 3.6V, RCLIM = 250Ω unless otherwise noted.
EFFICIENCY (%)
0.6 96
95
0.4 94
93
0.2 125°C 92 125°C
25°C 91 25°C
–40°C –40°C
0 90
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
OUTPUT CURRENT (A) OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
4415 G21 4415 G22
Pin Functions
IN1 (Pins 1, 2): Diode 1 Anode and Positive Power Supply EN2 (Pin 6): Enable Input for Diode 2. A low signal less
for LTC4415. Bypass IN1 with a ceramic capacitor of at than VENTH enables Diode 2.
least 4.7µF. Pins 1 and 2 are fused together on the package. IN2 (Pins 7, 8): Diode 2 Anode and Positive Power Supply
These pins can be grounded when not used. for LTC4415. Bypass IN2 with a ceramic capacitor of at
EN1 (Pin 3): Enable Input for Diode 1. A high signal greater least 4.7µF. Pins 7 and 8 are fused together on the package.
than VENTH enables Diode 1. These pins can be grounded when not used.
CLIM1 (Pin 4): Current Limit Adjust and Monitor Pin for OUT2 (Pins 9, 10): Diode 2 Cathode and Output of LTC4415.
Diode 1. Connect a resistor from CLIM1 to ground to set Bypass OUT2 with a ceramic capacitor of at least 4.7µF.
the current limit; the diode 1 current can then be monitored Pins 9 and 10 are fused together on the package. Leave
by measuring the voltage on CLIM1 pin. A fixed 6A internal these pins open when not used.
current limit is active when this pin is shorted to ground.
STAT2 (Pin 11): Status Indicator for Diode 2. Open-drain
Do not leave this pin open. Minimize stray capacitance
output pulls down during forward diode conduction. This
on this pin to generally less than 200pF (see Applications
pin can be left open or grounded when not used.
Information for more details).
WARN2 (Pin 12): Overcurrent and Thermal Warning
CLIM2 (Pin 5): Current Limit Adjust and Monitor Pin for
Indicator for Diode 2. Open-drain output pulls down when
Diode 2. Connect a resistor from CLIM2 to ground to set
diode 2 current exceeds its current limit or die temperature
the current limit; the diode 2 current can then be monitored
is close to thermal shutdown.
by measuring the voltage on CLIM2 pin. A fixed 6A internal
current limit is active when this pin is shorted to ground. WARN1 (Pin 13): Overcurrent and Thermal Warning
Do not leave this pin open. Minimize stray capacitance Indicator for Diode 1. Open-drain output pulls down when
on this pin to generally less than 200pF (see Applications diode 1 current exceeds its current limit or die temperature
Information for more details). is close to thermal shutdown.
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LTC4415
Pin Functions
STAT1 (Pin 14): Status Indicator for Diode 1. Open-drain GND (Exposed Pad Pin 17): Device Ground. The exposed
output pulls down during forward diode conduction. This pad must be soldered to PCB ground to provide both
pin can be left open or grounded when not used. electrical connection to ground and good thermal con-
ductivity to PCB.
OUT1 (Pins 15, 16): Diode 1 Cathode and Output of
LTC4415. Bypass OUT1 with a ceramic capacitor of at least
4.7µF. Pins 15 and 16 are fused together on the package.
Leave these pins open when not used.
Block Diagram
IOUT1
1000 CLIM1
4
IN1 OUT1
1, 2 15, 16
P1
TEMPERATURE
SENSOR
STAT1
14
IOUT2
1000 CLIM2
5
IN2 OUT2
7, 8 9, 10
P2
TEMPERATURE
SENSOR
STAT2
11
4415 BD
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LTC4415
Operation
The LTC4415 consists of two PowerPath ideal diode cir-
cuits within a single package. Each diode in the LTC4415 ILIM
CONSTANT CURRENT
is capable of supplying a maximum rated output current of
4A from its input supply with typical forward conduction SLOPE = 1 CONSTANT
CURRENT (A)
RON
resistance of 50mΩ. RESISTANCE
3. As the load current exceeds the current limit, the series Overcurrent Status
PFETs offer higher resistance between IN1/IN2 and
When either of the ideal diodes is operating in current
OUT1/OUT2 by reducing the gate drive in order to limit
limit, the corresponding warning pin, WARN1/WARN2,
the load current; so the forward voltage drop increases
is pulled low by an open-drain NFET after a 500µs delay.
rapidly. This operating mode is referred to as constant
Normal operation resumes and the warning pin is released
current operation. 4415fa
9
LTC4415
Operation
when the load current decreases below the current limit. die temperature exceeds the warning threshold (130°C),
Power consumption in LTC4415 increases during opera- the WARN1/WARN2 pins are pulled down with open-drain
tion in current limit due to the large voltage drop across NFETs while the LTC4415 continues to operate normally.
the PFET devices (P1 or P2). This gives some time for the user to reduce the load current
to avoid thermal shutdown. The warning signal is deas-
Load Current Monitor serted when the die temperature cools down below 115°C.
The current limit pins output 1/1000th of the ideal diode Thermal shutdown is triggered when the internal die
output current. The voltage across the current limit resis- temperature increases beyond the fault threshold (160°C).
tor can be measured to monitor the current through each Status pins, STAT1/STAT2, are deasserted during thermal
ideal diode as follows: shutdown to indicate the interruption in forward condi-
VCLIM tion. Normal operation resumes when the die temperature
IOUT = 1000 • cools below 140°C. Note that prolonged operation at the
RCLIM
overtemperature condition degrades device reliability.
Note that the current monitor function via VCLIM is not Figure 2 shows WARN followed by thermal shutdown
available when CLIM pins are grounded to use the fixed caused by an output short-circuit to ground. Time to
internal current limit. thermal shutdown varies depending on power dissipation,
ambient temperature and board layout. The output cur-
Soft-Start rent ramps up after the device cools down below 140°C,
An internal soft-start is included for each ideal diode to but shuts down repeatedly as the device overheats due
minimize the start-up inrush current. When either of the to persistent short.
diodes start forward conduction, the load current ramps
from zero to the set current limit over a period of 2ms. The VOUT OUTPUT SHORTED
soft-start can be monitored by observing the CLIM1 and 2V/DIV TO GND
CLIM2 pin voltages when they are connected to grounded
resistors. Soft-start duration is reduced to 0.5ms (typical)
when the CLIM pins are grounded. In order to minimize IOUT
2A/DIV
output droop during switchover between input sources
in power supply ORing applications, soft-start is disabled RESTART DUE TO
THERMAL HYSTERESIS
when the output voltage is above 1.2V. STAT
THERMAL
SHUTDOWN
5V/DIV
ideal diode. With resistor pull-ups on these status pins, Figure 2. Current Limit Warning and
a low voltage indicates forward conduction from input to Thermal Shutdown on Output Short Circuit
output, IN1/IN2 to OUT1/OUT2, respectively. The status
pins go to high impedance when the respective ideal diodes The thermal sensors are independent for each diode to
are disabled, during reverse turn-off conditions, or during warn of, or shut down the heat generating path so that it
thermal shutdown. does not hinder the normal operation of the other path.
Depending on the amount of heat generated, the whole
Thermal Warning and Shutdown die may still heat up and eventually shut down the other
Thermal sensors within the LTC4415 monitor the die tem- channel.
perature when either of the diodes are enabled. When the
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LTC4415
Operation
Undervoltage Lockout The diode conduction path is turned off and the status
Each ideal diode contains an independent UVLO control signal, STAT1/STAT2, is deasserted during an undervolt-
circuit so that one input experiencing undervoltage lockout age condition.
does not hinder normal operation of the other channel.
Applications Information
Stability Considerations or switching, disable, or even thermal shutdown. Limit
Any capacitance on the CLIM pins adds a pole to the cur- inductance and/or increase bypass capacitors to prevent
rent control loop. Therefore, stray capacitance on these pin voltages from exceeding the absolute maximum rat-
pins must be kept to a minimum. Although the maximum ing of 6V. Some ESR in these capacitors may be helpful
allowed value of the current limit adjust resistor is 1000Ω, in dampening the resonances and minimizing the ringing
any additional capacitance on these pins reduces the caused by hot plugging or load switching. Refer to Ap-
maximum allowed resistance, consequently increasing plication Note 88, entitled, “Ceramic Input Capacitors Can
the minimum allowed current limit. For stable operation, Cause Overvoltage Transients” for a detailed discussion
the pole frequency at the CLIM pins should be kept above and mitigation of this phenomenon.
800kHz. Therefore, if the CLIM pin parasitic capacitance The values of the input and output decoupling capacitors
is CP, the following equation should be used to calculate also depends on the maximum allowable droop during
the maximum allowed resistor RCLIM: switchover in power supply ORing applications. Typical du-
1 ration for LTC4415 ideal diodes to switchover from reverse
RCLIM ≤ turn-off to forward conduction, tSWITCH, is 9µs. Therefore,
2π • 800kHz •CP the minimum decoupling capacitance, C, required for a
When the voltage at the CLIM pins are monitored using a specified maximum output voltage droop, ∆V, when one
long cable, such as an oscilloscope probe, decouple the of the input voltages drops, can be calculated as follows:
parasitic capacitance of the probe and the monitor system ILOAD • t SWITCH
C=
using a series resistor as shown in Figure 3, where a 20k ∆V
resistor has been added between the CLIM pin and the
probe to ensure stable operation. where ILOAD is the load current at the time of switchover.
For example, the required value of output capacitance for
Input and Output Capacitors a 100mV maximum droop in the output voltage during
High current transients through parasitic inductance on the quick switchover at 1A load would be 100µF. Note that both
input and output sides of the ideal diodes can cause volt- supplies share the load during switchover, and therefore
age spikes on the IN1/IN2/OUT1/OUT2 pins. These current reduce the droop, when the voltage on the falling supply
transients can occur on power plug-in, load disconnect pin changes slowly.
20k
MONITOR CLIM
PIN
CMONITOR RCLIM CP
4415 F03
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LTC4415
Applications Information
Board Layout Considerations 2. The traces to the input supplies, outputs and their
decoupling capacitors should be short and wide to
When laying out the printed circuit board, the following
minimize the impact of parasitic inductance. Connect
checklist should be followed to ensure proper operation
the GND side of the capacitors directly to the ground
of the LTC4415:
plane of the board. The decoupling capacitors provide
1. Connect the exposed pad of the package (Pin 17) directly the transient current to the internal power MOSFETs
to a large PC board ground to minimize thermal imped- and their drivers.
ance. Correctly soldered to a 2500mm2 double-sided 1oz
3. Minimize the parasitic capacitance on CLIM1 and CLIM2
copper board, the DFN package has a thermal resistance
pins for stable operation.
(θJA) of approximately 43°C/W. Failure to make good
contact between the exposed pad on the backside of
the package and an adequately sized ground plane re-
sults in much larger thermal resistance, raising the die
temperature for given power dissipation. An example
layout for double layer board is given in Figure 4. Via
holes are used in the board under and near the device
to conduct heat away from the device to the bottom
layer.
IN1 OUT1
EN1 STAT1
CLIM1 WARN1
CLIM2 WARN2
EN2 STAT2
IN2 OUT2
4415 F04
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LTC4415
Typical Applications
Precision enable inputs and independent status outputs The enable overlap minimizes the load voltage droop during
provide flexibility in power supply back up and load share switchover. Both input power supplies provide power to
applications using the two high current ideal diode circuits the load during the overlap. The status output pins can be
in the LTC4415, as shown in the following examples. The pulled up to the output voltage or to a logic power supply.
features shown in these application circuits can be com-
bined in custom applications as needed. Automatic Switchover to a Backup Battery and Keep-
Alive Power Source
Prioritized Switchover to a Backup Battery Figure 6 illustrates an application circuit for automatic
The application circuit, Figure 5, illustrates switchover switchover to the backup battery if the primary power
from a primary power source to backup power at a pre- source voltage falls below the backup battery voltage. The
cise input voltage using the prioritized power supply-OR wired-AND of the status outputs is used to drive the gate
application circuit. Diode 2 is enabled when the primary of a pair of back-to-back connected external NMOS (M1
power source voltage on diode 1 input falls below the and M2) when both primary and backup power sources
threshold given as follows: are absent or below UVLO or during thermal shutdown of
LTC4415. Under these conditions, the keep-alive source
R1+R2 supplies power to critical components of the system. At
VIN1 < 0.8V • 1+
R3 the same time, the wired-AND status output turns off
As VIN1 falls further, diode 1 is disabled when the primary IDEAL
KEEP ALIVE/
PRIMARY
power source voltage falls below the threshold determined POWER
IN1 OUT1 COIN CELL
used for additional overlap between the two supplies. The BAT 4415 F06
PRIMARY IDEAL
IN1 OUT1 TO
POWER
LOAD
SOURCE R1 4.7µF
LTC4415
EN1 470k
CLIM1 STAT1 470k
R2
CLIM2 WARN1 470k
RCLIM1 RCLIM2 WARN2 470k
R3 STAT2
EN2
IDEAL
SECONDAY IN2 OUT2
POWER + 4415 F05
SOURCE GND
(BAT)
13
LTC4415
Typical Applications
non-critical high current loads. If the status resistors are Multiple Battery Charging
pulled up through the keep-alive power source itself as
Figure 7 illustrates an application circuit for automatic dual
shown in Figure 6, the output voltage is limited to:
battery charging from a single charger. The battery with
VOUT = VKEEP_ALIVE – Vgs(M1,2) lower voltage receives larger charging current until both
where Vgs(M1,2) is the voltage drop from gate to source battery voltages are equal, then both are charged. While
of the composite NMOS device (M1 and M2). The pull-up both batteries are charging simultaneously, the higher
resistor, R1, consumes power from the keep-alive source capacity battery gets proportionally higher current from
when the primary or backup sources supply power to the the charger. For Li-Ion batteries, both batteries achieve
load. The primary power source or backup battery supplies the charger float voltage minus the forward regulation
power to the load when either of them are higher than the voltage of 15mV. This concept can be extended to more
output voltage. than two batteries using additional LTC4415. The STAT1,
STAT2 pins provide information as to when the batteries
Current limit on any of the diode power paths can be set are being charged. For intelligent control, the EN1/EN2
to automatically fold back as the output voltage drops (to input pins can be used with a microcontroller as shown
reduce power consumption), by switching out a resistor on in Figure 9 later in this section.
the CLIM pin, as shown in Figure 6 for diode 1. The gate
of NMOS M3 can optionally be fed from a resistor divided
output voltage to adjust the output voltage threshold of
current foldback.
L1
1.5µH 50k
SW SENSE IDEAL
IN1 OUT1
VINSENSE BAT LOAD1
VIN
PVIN 10µF +
4.5V TO 5.5V LTC4415 BAT1
R1 R2 C1
10k 1k 10µF EN1
PGND CLIM1 STAT1 1.5k
D1
LED CLIM2 WARN1
LTC4001
CHRG WARN2 1.5k
EN2 STAT2
NTC
TO µP FAULT IDEAL
IN2 OUT2
BATSENS LOAD2
FROM µP EN +
PROG IDET TIMER SS GNDSENS GND BAT2
4415 F07
C2
0.22µF
R3 C3
R4 R5
10k 0.1µF
549Ω 549Ω
25°C
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LTC4415
Typical Applications
Load Sharing by Multiple Batteries and Automatic Microcontrolled Power Switch with Reverse Blocking,
Switchover to a Preferred Power Supply Selectable Current Limit, Soft-Start and Monitoring
(Such as a Wall Adapter)
Figure 9 illustrates an application circuit for microcon-
An application circuit for dual battery load sharing with troller monitoring and control of two power sources. The
automatic switchover to a wall adapter (when present) microcontroller monitors the input supply voltages and
is shown in Figure 8. In the absence of the wall adapter, commands the LTC4415 through EN1/EN2 inputs.
the higher voltage battery provides the load current until
Currents through the ideal diodes are monitored by the
it has discharged to the voltage of the other battery. The
microcontroller measuring CLIM1/CLIM2 pin voltages
load is then shared between the two batteries according
using ADCs. The current limit can be adjusted for either
to their capacities, the higher capacity battery providing
diode using an external FET as shown in this application
proportionally higher current to the load unless limited
for diode 1 with MN1. The two ideal diode outputs are
by its current limit.
connected together for power source ORing, or they may
When a wall adapter is applied, the output voltage rises feed different loads.
as the body diode of PFET MP1 conducts and both of the
ideal diode paths in the LTC4415 stop conducting due to Parallel Diodes for Lower Resistance or Higher
reverse turn-off. At this time, the wired-OR status signal Current Output
pulls up the gate voltage of NFET MN1, pulling down the The two ideal diodes in the LTC4415 can be connected in
gate voltage of power PFET MP1, turning it on. The wired‑OR parallel as shown in Figure 10 to achieve a low resistance
status signal indicates whether the wall adapter or either PowerPath. The master enable input, ENABLE, turns on
of the two batteries is supplying the load current. The two diode 2. EN1 is tied to the output so that diode 1 conducts
application circuits described in Figure 7 and Figure 8 can only after the output has charged up (by diode 2 according
be cascaded for dual battery charging and load sharing. to its current limit setting). Diode 1 is disabled when the
WALL ADAPTER
MP1 IRFHS9301
IDEAL
IN1 OUT1
+
BAT1 4.7µF
LTC4415 470k 470k 4.7µH 4.7µH
PVIN1 VIN PVIN2 VOUT2
EN1 SW1A SW2 1.8V
STAT
CLIM1 STAT1 MN1 IRLML2402 SW1B 137k 10µF 0.6A
CLIM2 WARN1 VOUT1 FB2
WARN2 3.3V VOUT1
STAT2 0.8A 68.1k
1.0M LTC3521
EN2 FB1 4.7µH VOUT3
IDEAL
IN2 OUT2 221k ON SHDN1 SW3 1.2V
+ OFF SHDN2 FB3 100k 10µF 0.6A
BAT2
GND SHDN3 PGOOD1
PWM
BURST PWM PGOOD2
PGND1A PGOOD3 100k
PGND1B GND PGND2
4415 F08
Figure 8. Dual Battery Load Sharing with Automatic Switchover to a Wall Adapter
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15
LTC4415
Typical Applications
PRIMARY IDEAL
IN1 OUT1
POWER LOAD
SOURCE
LTC4415
EN1 470k
CLIM1 STAT1
CLIM2 WARN1
MICRO- WARN2
CONTROLLER MN1
STAT2
IRLML2402
EN2
AUXILLIARY IDEAL
IN2 OUT2
POWER
SOURCE
GND 4.7µF
4415 F09
IDEAL
POWER IN1 OUT1
LOAD
SOURCE
LTC4415
EN1 470k
CLIM1 STAT1
CLIM2 WARN1
WARN2
STAT2
ENABLE EN2
IDEAL
IN2 OUT2
4415 F10
GND
D1
1N5817
Figure 10. Parallel Diodes with Current Limit Foldback and Reverse Polarity Protection
output falls below a threshold set by the resistor divider power (VDD) is available, possibly from a wall adapter. When
on EN1 pin. This arrangement results in current limit the input power falls below the supercapacitor voltage,
foldback, reducing the current limit of the parallel diodes the supercapcitor provides power to the LTC3521. The
to that of only diode 2 when the output voltage falls, thus supercapacitor charger (LTC3625) provides a power failure
controlling power dissipation. comparator output signal (PFO) when its input voltage
falls below a preset voltage defined by the resistive divider
An optional Schottky diode can be inserted in series with
on the PFI input. The PFO signal is available to start the
the chip ground as shown in Figure 10 to protect LTC4415
shutdown of high current applications. When the super-
against input power source reverse polarity. The presence
capacitor discharges to a voltage level determined by the
of the Schottky shifts the UVLO and enable pin thresholds
resistor divider on EN1 input of LTC4415, the wired-AND
by a voltage equal to the forward voltage drop of the
status signal of LTC4415 pulls up because neither of the
Schottky diode.
diode paths in LTC4415 are conducting and the coin cell
Power Backup Using Supercapacitors and Optional provides power through a back-to-back connected pair
Keep-Alive Cell of NFETs, M1 and M2. The wired-AND status signal is
available to signal that only low current circuits such as
An application of dual backup power is shown on the last real-time clock or memory remain enabled while operating
page of this data sheet. Diode 2 provides power to the from the coin cell.
triple DC/DC converter (LTC3521) when the primary input
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16
LTC4415
Package Description
Please refer to http://www.linear.com/designtools/packaging/ for the most recent package drawings.
DHC Package
16-Lead Plastic DFN (5mm × 3mm)
(Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1872 Rev Ø)
Variation A
0.65 ±0.05
1.29 ±0.05
3.50 ±0.05
1.65 ±0.05
2.20 ±0.05 (2 SIDES)
PACKAGE
OUTLINE
0.25 ± 0.05
0.50 BSC
4.40 ±0.05
(2 SIDES)
1.29 REF
3.00 ±0.10 1.65 ±0.10
(2 SIDES) (2 SIDES)
PIN 1 PIN 1
TOP MARK NOTCH
(SEE NOTE 6)
(DHC16 Var A) DFN 0410
8 1
0.200 REF 0.75 ±0.05 0.25 ±0.05
0.50 BSC
4.40 ±0.10
(2 SIDES)
0.00 – 0.05
BOTTOM VIEW—EXPOSED PAD
NOTE:
1. DRAWING PROPOSED TO BE MADE VARIATION OF VERSION (WJED-1) IN JEDEC
PACKAGE OUTLINE MO-229
2. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE
3. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS
4. DIMENSIONS OF EXPOSED PAD ON BOTTOM OF PACKAGE DO NOT INCLUDE
MOLD FLASH. MOLD FLASH, IF PRESENT, SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.15mm ON ANY SIDE
5. EXPOSED PAD SHALL BE SOLDER PLATED
6. SHADED AREA IS ONLY A REFERENCE FOR PIN 1 LOCATION ON THE
TOP AND BOTTOM OF PACKAGE
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17
LTC4415
Package Description
Please refer to http://www.linear.com/designtools/packaging/ for the most recent package drawings.
MSE Package
16-Lead Plastic MSOP, Exposed Die Pad
(Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1667 Rev E)
BOTTOM VIEW OF
EXPOSED PAD OPTION
2.845 ±0.102 2.845 ±0.102
(.112 ±.004) 0.889 ±0.127 (.112 ±.004)
(.035 ±.005)
1 8 0.35
REF
0.53 ±0.152
(.021 ±.006)
1234567 8
DETAIL “A” 1.10 0.86
0.18 (.043) (.034)
(.007) MAX REF
SEATING
PLANE 0.17 – 0.27 0.1016 ±0.0508
(.007 – .011) (.004 ±.002)
TYP 0.50
NOTE: (.0197)
MSOP (MSE16) 0911 REV E
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18
LTC4415
Revision History
REV DATE DESCRIPTION PAGE NUMBER
A 4/12 Clarified footnotes and added new Note 5 for quiescent current 3, 4
Changed FET MP1 part number on Figure 8 15
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19
Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable.
However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representa-
tion that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights.
LTC4415
Typical Application
Power Backup Using Supercapacitors and Optional Keep-Alive Cell
KEEP-ALIVE/COIN CELL
M1
M2 DMN2215UDM
IDEAL
IN1 OUT1
VDD VIN VOUT
L1 3.3µH 47µF
CTOP 300k LTC4415
294k EN SW1 4.7µH PVIN1 VIN PVIN2 4.7µH VOUT2
L2 3.3µH 360F
LTC3625 EN1 SW1A SW2 1.8V
PFI SW2
CBOT 200k STAT1 SW1B 137k 10µF 0.6A
CTL VMID
100k 360F WARN1 47k VOUT1 3.3V 1A
VSEL GND FB2
WARN2 VOUT1
GND PFO CLIM1 STAT2 68.1k
PROG 22µF 1.0M LTC3521
125Ω CLIM2 4.7µH
RPROG FB1 VOUT3
78.7k 125Ω SHDN1 SW3 1.2V
221k ON
IN2
IDEAL
OUT2 OFF SHDN2 FB3 100k 10µF 0.6A
SHDN3 PGOOD1
EN2 PWM
GND BURST PWM PGOOD2
PGND1A PGOOD3 100k
PGND1B GND PGND2
4415 TA02
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