PRONOUNS – RELATIVES

Who, whom, which, that and whose are relative pronouns used to introduce
relative clauses (adjective clauses).

1. Who and whom are used for persons.

a. In general the pattern for who is :
who (whoever) + verb
b. the pattern for whom is :
whom (whomever) + S + verb
e.g :
 I saw the man who is famous for inventing plastic.
 Give it to the man whom you already know.
2. Which is used for things.
e.g :
 Is this the 104 bus, which goes to the Southgate Shopping Center ?
3. That can be used for persons or things.
e.g :
 Here is the man that can answer your questions.
 Did you find the book that you were looking for ?
4. Whose is used to show possession. It can be followed by persons or things.
e.g :
 This is the man whose car was towed away.
 Do you know the doctor whose children I teach?

Exercises :

Fill in the blanks with who, whom, which, or whose.

1. I like novels .............. deal with philosophical questions.
2. The company did not want to hire a man ............ his experience was so
limited.
3. The family .......... house burned down was on television.
4. She wore a dress ............. everyone considered extravagant.
5. Where can one catch the train ............... goes to Flower Square ?
6. The ship ............ we boarded in Rio was bound for Marseilles.
7. John did not want to do business with a man .......... had been in prison.
8. Take your car back to the man .......... sold it to you.
9. That is the baby ............. has been in the incubator for three months.
10. The woman ......... her photograph was in the paper is making a speech at the
town hall tonight.

I. Join these sentences using relative pronouns of who, whose, whom or

which !

1. The man is a book keeper. His books lost yesterday.

2. This is the English dictionary. I got it for you when I went to Singapore.
3. These are pictures. They were sent by my father last week.
4. She is the girl. I lent you her hat yesterday.
 5. The policeman is at the door. You knocked off his helmet last Tuesday.
6. He is the young man. He came to my house last night.
7. Some students had started to leave the classroom. The teacher called them.
8. Those are keys. I put them on the desk two days ago.
9. My father’s secretary has recognized our office. She can type faster than his
last secretary.
10. The boy will be punished. He broke the window yesterday.

II. Supply the relative pronouns of who, which or whose !

1. The man .... car was stolen has reported the thief to the police.
2. What is the name of that song ..... John is singing ?
3. The butcher .........sold you this meat was certainly no friend of yours.
4. Are you the woman ........purse was stolen ?
5. Is there a shop near here ...... sells postcards ?
6. The flowers .... you sent me are still fresh.
7. The book .......... arrived by mail this morning was sent to me by my cousin.
8. The man ... planned this city had great foresight.
9. He is the man .... sold me the car.
10. Is that the boy ... dog bit you?

PRESENT SIMPLE

1. It is used when the activity happens at present, habit or routine

2. Verb 1
3. Ending with –s/-es for third person singular
4. Formula:
(+) S + V1(-s/es) + O
(-) S + do/does + not + V1+ O
(?) Do/Does + S + V1 + O ?
5. Adverb of time: everyday, daily, usually. Often, etc

Examples:
a. I go to school everyday.
b. She reads a book.
c. They love each other.
d. We do our homework.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS
1. It is used when the activity happens at the moment or as a progress
2. Verb 1 + ing
3. Use to be present : is, am, are
4. Formula:
(+) S + is, am, are + Ving + O
(-) S + is, am, are + not + Ving+ O
(?) Is, am, are + S + Ving + O ?
5. Adverb of time: now, at the moment, while

Examples:
a. I am going to school now.
b. She is reading a book at 7 o’clock morning.
c. They are studying English in the library.
d. We are playing football on Saturday.

PRESENT PERFECT

1. It is used when the activity happens in the past and still done up to now.
2. Verb 3
3. With verb auxiliary: has/have
4. Formula:
(+) S + has/have + V3 + O
(-) S + has/have + not + V3+ O
(?) Has/have + S + V3 + O ?
5. Adverb of time: already, yet, just, since, for

Examples:
a. I have studied English since I was in elementary school.
b. She has read the novel for two weeks.
c. They have watched the movie for two hours.
d. He has played the piano since he was eight.

Exercises

Put in the present simple or present continuous the verbs in brackets.

1. Please be quite. I (try) to read my book.

2. I (not belong) to this particular government committee.
3. George is a vegetarian. He (not eat) meat.
4. I (apply) for a job in the sales department, but I don’t know if I will be successful.
5. While Anna is away on holidays, Steve (work) in his office.
6. Inflation (rise) at a rate of 2% per year.
7. The neighbors are so noisy. They (always argue) loudly.
8. She always (remember) my birthday.
 9. Look! It (rain) now
10. What (you/do)? I (clean) my shoes.
11. Can you drive? No, but I (learn) at the moment.
12. (you/like) Bon Jovi?
13. Those flowers (smell) lovely.
14. Jane (repair) her bike. She (know) exactly what to do.
15. Look! The woman (try) to steal the man’s wallet.

Present perfect

1. How long (she/study) German?

2. When (he/begin) to study business?
3. Mr. Smith (work) in a travel agency for years.
4. It is raining now. It (finally stop).
5. I am really not very hungry. I (just have) lunch.
6. I am not the person you are looking for, you (make) a mistake.

Tenses: Present Simple vs. Present Continuous

1. Put the verb into the correct tense form:
1. Julia is very good at languages. She ............................................ (speak) 4 languages
fluently.
2. Hurry up! Everybody ............................................ (wait) for you.
3. a. ............................................ (you/listen) to the radio?
b. No, you can turn it off.
4. a. ............................................ (you/listen) to the radio everyday?
b. No, just occasionally.
5. The River Nile ............................................ (flow) into the Mediterranean.
6. a. How’s your English?
b. Not bad. It ............................................ (improve) slowly.
7. a. Can you drive?
b. I ............................................ (learn). My father ............................................ (teach)
me.
8. My parents ............................................ (live) in Bristol. Where
............................................ (your parents / live)?
 9. Sonia ............................................ (look) for a place to live. She
............................................ (stay) with her sister until she finds a flat.
10. Usually I ............................................ (enjoy) parties, but I ............................................
(not/enjoy) this one very much.
11. I must go now. It ............................................ (get) late.
12. Can you hear those people? What ............................................ (they/talk) about?

2. Put the verb into the correct tense form:

1. Are you hungry? ............................................ (you/want) something to eat?
2. Jill is interested in politics but she ............................................ (not/belong) to
a political party.
3. Don’t put the dictionary away. I ............................................ (use) it.
4. Don’t put the dictionary away. I ............................................ (need) it
5. Who’s that man? What ............................................ (he/want)?
6. Who’s that man? Why ............................................ (he/look) at us?
7. George says he is 45 years old but nobody ............................................ (believe) him.
8. She told me her name but I ............................................ (not/remember) it now.
9. I ............................................ (think) of selling my car. ............................................
(you/want) to buy it ?
10. I think you should sell your car. You ............................................ (not/use) it very
often.
11. I used to drink a lot of coffee but these days I ............................................ (prefer) tea.
12. Air ............................................ (consist) mainly of nitrogen and oxygen.