HIGH JUMP

High Jump - sport in athletics (track and field) in which the athlete takes a running jump to attain height.
The sport’s venue includes a level, semicircular runway allowing an approach run of at least 15 metres
(49.21 feet) from any angle within its 180° arc. Two rigid vertical uprights support a light horizontal
crossbar in such a manner that it will fall if touched by a contestant trying to jump over it. The jumper
lands in a pit beyond the bar that is at least 5 by 3 metres (16.4 feet by 9.8 feet) in size and filled with
cushioning material. The standing high jump was last an event in the 1912 Olympics. The running high
jump, an Olympic event for men since 1896, was included in the first women’s Olympic athletics program
in 1928.

Terms Associated with High Jump

Complete range of Sport System’s equipment for high jump includes:

 Colored steel run-up marker with tip for insertion on the ground
 High Jump landing area
 Landing area support and lifting platform
 Control meter for high jump
 Fiberglass crossbars, expanded polyethylene or aluminium with circular section
 High jump stands in galvanized steel or aluminium.

Instructions/ How to Play the High Jump Sports

The Approach:
 Often times jumpers use a 10-step approach.
 The first five of which are a straight-line sprint which will start by pushing off with the take-off
foot.
 The runner should not crouch during the run and be running with his/her body erect.
 The second half of the approach is in a five step 'curve' toward the bar.
 The athlete should lean away from the bar and use his/her ankles as the leverage point (not hips).
The Jump:
 Curving toward the bar, the athlete should leap completely vertical before he/she reaches the
center of the bar and allow the momentum from the approach to carry his or her legs completely
over the bar.
 The athlete can use either a single or double arm jump, which determines how many arms are
clear the bar initially.
 The athlete rotates the non-takeoff leg, hips and shoulders in the air until his or her back is to the
bar and arches the body with the knees apart to allow the hips to clear the crossbar.
 Once the hips clear, the athlete must quickly force their legs upward and straight to allow them
to pass over the bar.

High Jump Sport Rules

Following are some of the important rules of high jump set by International Association of Athletic
Federation (IAAF)

1. Take-off must be made with one foot only.

2. Dislodging of the bar or breaking the plane near the edge of the bar before clearing will not be
counted as successful jump
3. Jumping height is decided by the Chief Judge. Players can accept the challenge or may pass it.
4. If the competitor fails to jump the required height in three consecutive attempts then he/she will
be disqualified from the competition.
5. During the final match, whoever clears above the bar with highest height is declared as winner.
6. In case there is a tie, following two conditions may be applied to decide the winner.
 The player who has fewer misses at the height at which the tie has occurred, is declared
as winner
 The player who has fewest misses in the overall tournament is declared as winner.
7. The jumpers have to face a jump-off if there will be a tie for a first place.
8. The height will be greater than the previous level. Each player will be given one chance for each
clearance
EQUESTRIAN DRESSAGE

Equestrian Dressage - is a highly skilled form of riding performed in exhibition and competition, as well as
an "art" sometimes pursued solely for the sake of mastery. As an equestrian sport defined by the
International Equestrian Federation, dressage is "the highest expression of horse training" where "horse
and rider are expected to perform from memory a series of predetermined movements

Terms Associated with Equestrian Dressage

Below is a list of definitions of commonly used terms:
1. Dressage test is a series of prescribed movements performed by horse and rider and assessed by
dressage judges
2. dressage competition is one or more horse and rider combinations performing the same
prescribed test and assessed by dressage judges to determine the winner and ranking of
performance
3. Dressage event is comprised of one or more competitions between individual mounted
competitors, performing specified dressage tests
 an Official event is an event approved by the EA, conducted by an EA affiliated club or
organisation, and comprised of Competitive and/or Participation competitions
 a Competitive competition is one where grading points can be accrued and recorded
 a Participation competition is one where grading points are not accrued and recorded
4. Restricted event is an event comprised of any level of test, conducted by an EA club for its own
club members only and/or club activities for club members against invited EA members to a
maximum level of Participation competition, up to and including current Novice test and Para-
Equestrian tests
5. the bell includes any device used to signal to a competitor
6. level refers to the standards of tests. (See rule 4.8.2 Definition of levels)
7. Organising Committee (OC) refers to an EA-affiliated organisation, group, society or body held to
be responsible for the management of any dressage event
8. competition area includes the competition arena and immediate surrounding area
9. exercise area refers to the entire area covered by the park, centre, oval, showground or similar
area where an event is being held
10. warm-up area refers to an area designated by the OC as being the warm-up area for competitions
11. FEI-level tests refer to FEI level tests run under EA rules; FEI tests refer to FEI tests run at FEI
sanctioned events
12. horse refers to horses and ponies unless ‘pony’ is otherwise specified
13. pony refers to ponies not exceeding 149cm with shoes or 148cmwithout shoes
14. Combination refers to a horse or pony and rider combination
Ground Jury is made up of all of the officiating judges for an event or a competition
 15. the Chef d’Equipe is a person assigned to be the manager of a team
16. FEI-sanctioned event refers to events that have approval from the FEI, i.e. CDI-W, Y, J or P or CDIPE
17. Steward is a trained, and currently accredited FEI or EA official responsible for ensuring that the
event is conducted in accordance with the rules
18. Chief Judge is the judge positioned at C for the competition
19. gear check is having the horse and rider’s equipment and attire inspected to ensure it complies
with the rules
20. “On the bit”—A horse which is “on the bit” (on the aids) accepts a light contact of the rein with
no resistance and is yielding in the jaw and poll to the rider's hand, accepting the aids to move
forward into the rein. A horse which is “on the bit” moves with a supple back, shows no resistance
in transitions and remains submissive to the rider.
21. Transitions are changes of pace and speed. They should be quickly made yet must be smooth and
not abrupt. The horse should remain light in hand, calm and maintain a correct position.
22. Halt—At the halt the horse should stand attentive, motionless and straight, with this weight
evenly distributed over all four legs. This is recognized by the pairs of legs being abreast of each
other.
23. Diagonals—In the posting trot, the rider should rise as the outside front leg moves forward and
sit as the inside front leg moves forward.
24. Change of Lead—In the canter, the inside foreleg should be the leg that appears to be leading the
stride. When a rider changes direction, the horse must change the leading leg, or change leads, in
one of the following ways:
a. Interrupted is a change whereby the horse is brought to the halt, then immediately asked
to canter on the new lead.
b. Simple is a change whereby the horse is brought to a walk or trot, and then asked to canter
on the opposite lead. There should be no more than 3–4 walk or trot strides.
c. Flying is a change whereby the horse changes leads during a canter stride. The front and
hind legs should change simultaneously.
25. Reverse—A reverse is a change of direction and should be done in the direction away from the
rail.
a. On a change of direction, the horse should adjust the bend of its body to the curvature of the
new line of travel. The horse should remain supple, following the aids of the rider without
changes in pace, rhythm or speed.
b. In the posting trot, the rider should change diagonals.
c. In the canter, the horse should change leads.

Equipments/Essential Items needed

1. An English saddle of any type is required.
2. One whip no longer that 1 meter (3 feet 3 1/2 inches), including the lash, may be carried. Whips
may only be used with permission of the horse owner who must state that the horse is used to
the use of a whip. If a rider has poor leg power he must be allocated a free moving horse or one
that is used to the whip.
3. Stirrups
a. Safety stirrups are required.
b. Riders must bring their own safety stirrups and leathers to the competition, unless the event
management decides otherwise and specifies that in the Entry information or Coaches’
Handbook prior to the competition.
4. Bridles
a. A regular cavesson, a dropped, crossed or a flash noseband is mandatory.
b. A snaffle bit is required.
c. All bits must be smooth and solid.
d. All parts of the bit coming into the horse’s mouth (i.e. mouthpiece) may be made of 2 or
more metals or material.
5. A short, dark colored riding coat.
6. A conservative color, preferably white, riding shirt or Oxford style long or short sleeved shirt.
7. Tie or choker.
8. Breeches or jodhpurs.
9. Gloves are optional.
 10. Spurs are optional and must be approved by the horse owner.
11. In case of inclement weather, athletes will be permitted to wear a hat cover and a conservative
raincoat.
12. 8. In extreme heat (above 80 degrees), the judges may permit athletes to show without riding
coats.
13. 9. Boots with heels.
14. Approved helmet

Instructions/How to Play the Equestrian Dressage

Before Mounting
Before mounting a horse, make sure that you are mounting gracefully without hurting the horse with your
leg onto its rump or saddle. Align yourself correctly over the saddle and start riding with a slight touch
over the rein. Do more trotting or jogging instead of cantering or lopping. Instead of artificial aids (crop or
spurs), use natural aids (hand, legs, weight and voice) to give a clear cues to your horse on movements.

Mounting
Start with little bit of warm up then go for mounting. This is because, cold muscles of the horse require
gradual warm up for smooth functioning. Therefore, before canter/lope just move along with your horse
in both the direction for jogging or trotting.

Different styles of mounting have different steps but all have some common steps that need to be
followed −

 Take your horse to an open location and make sure your horse is at fair distance from other
horses.

 Check the tightness of clinch/girth.

 Rein should be evenly distributed over the horse to give a firm control over him. A good rein can
help you holding your horse in steady position, so that it will not move while you ride.

 If the horse is feeling shy or bolt, his eyes and ears can communicate with you. So before riding,
look into his face for such signs.

 Use a mounting block which will help in reducing the strain on horseback while you ride on it.

Dismounting
Before landing, always make sure that your landing area is free from any obstacles. Those who are using
western style of horse riding can use any of the following two dismounting methods.

 Without using your left stirrup, gently slide down from the horse.

 Leave your foot in the left stirrup and step down from the horse.

 The size of the rider decides the method of sliding down from the horse. For example, a person
having small height should use the first method instead of second.

 If you are an English rider, then without using the left stirrup slide down from the horse or else
do the vaulting. Like western styles, riders do not step down from the horse directly.

Position of Body Parts while Riding

If you learn how to mount and dismount from the horse, that is not going to help you in playing equestrian.
Learning about various body positions is also equally important. Below we have discussed about some
basic position of your body while sitting on the horse.
  Head − Do not tilt your head with respect to your shoulders, rather keep it straight and keep your
eyes on the destination. Put the weight out of your heel by kneeling forward and keep your chin
in up position.
 Shoulders − As soon as you position yourself on the saddle, try to maintain your both shoulders
at same level. If not, they may indicate that your body weight is not balanced centrally. If you lean
in a direction, it will make your horse to lean in that direction too
 Back − Keep your back always in a vertical position with respect to your base. Do not keep it rigid
else it will affect your performance.
 Stomach and Arms − Your stomach should be flat and arms should hang naturally not rigidly. Keep
them soft and relaxed. In this way, your hand will move naturally when the horse will make any
movement.
 Seat − Keep your hips and pelvis in relaxed position because they are the real shock absorbers.
Try to distribute your body weight evenly all over the saddle. Your thighs should remain in touch
with the saddle
 Legs − Through your legs, you can actually communicate with the horse effectively. Legs can
balance your upper body in a equilibrium position over the saddle. Stirrups should be of shorter
height than saddle so that your legs and ankles can effectively act as shock absorbers
 Foot − Most part of your body weight is carried out by your heel. So, proper positioning of the ball
of your foot over the stirrup determines how you are going to use your legs. The position of your
feet should be nearly parallel with the side of the horse

Changing Direction
To change the direction, you must use your hands, legs and the reins effectively. Let’s discuss some of the
basics.

Turn right/left
Let’s start with a procedure for turning right. Turning left will follow the similar procedure with opposite
aids. Put more pressure on the right-hand side of the stirrup but do not lean over the horse. Then draw
the rein little back. Now there is task to turn the horse in a direction you want to. For that you first turn
your head, then shoulders and then hips, so that your horse can sense the movement through you.

Change Direction
As the horse starts turning, bump his girth slightly with your outside legs so that the horse will turn around
more tightly. Here the outside leg will control the impulsion and the inside leg will control the bending of
his ribcage.

Riding a Circle
Making a circle requires the bending of the horse at four points and the rider should be able to see horse’s
inside eye all around the way. The steps for circling are as follows −

 When you start to move around a circle, your horse will follow his nose and will look for where he
is going.

 Slightly tip his nose to the arc of the circle with your inside rein.

 Use your outside leg to control the movement of the horse around the circle.

 Your inside leg can make him move around the arc by applying pressure on his ribcage and spine
in the same direction. Bump him at his girth in between if he does not respond.

 Pull your inside rein slightly up of his mane so that the shoulder of your horse will remain in upright
position.

Equestrian Dressage Rules

1. A simple snaffle, regular caveson, flash, figure-eight or drop noseband are required. A noseband
is required for dressage competitions unless prior approval to ride without one has been obtained.
Twisted wire bits are not permitted. Refer to USEF Rules for Dressage #DR121: Saddlery and
 Equipment for a complete explanation of permitted saddlery and equipment as well as pictures
of all permitted bits.
2. Bandages, boots, blinders, martingales, draw reins, side reins, running reins or artificial devices
are not permitted. Lunging with side reins and riding or lunging with boots, bandages, ear muffs
or a running martingale is permitted only in the warm-up arena.
3. Whips may be carried during a test, but may not exceed 47.2″ (120 cm). Only one whip may be
used during warm-up and must not exceed 47.2″ (120 cm). Whips are not permitted in any
championship classes.
4. Riders may have a reader (except in final and championship classes); however, it is the rider’s
responsibility to know the test. Movements may be read only once. All FEI tests, including FEI Jr.
tests, must be ridden from memory. Reference USEF Rule DR#122.
5. Use of voice while riding your test is not permitted.
6. Committing three course errors, leaving the arena during the test or marked lameness results in
elimination.
7. Riders may not show under a judge from whom they have received private or semi-private
instruction within 30 days of the show. The conducting of clinics or assistance in group activities,
such as Pony Clubs, unless individual instruction is given, will not be considered as instruction,
coaching or tutoring. Should a rider choose to show, s/he will then be riding “Hors de Concours”
(HC). His/her score will not count toward awards.
8. Horses may not be entered in classes differing by more than one level at any one show. The
number of classes entered must comply with the USEF rule limiting the total number of classes in
which a horse may be ridden per day. Currently horses competing at 4th level and below may
enter a maximum of 3 classes per day. Horses competing at the FEI level can enter a maximum of
2 classes per day. DSE, Quadrille and PDD classes are excluded from the maximum limit of rides
per day.
9. A rider must enter the arena within 45 seconds of the judge’s signal (usually a bell or a whistle).
10. If jackets are excused, a shirt of conservative color, with sleeves, must be worn. Stock ties are to
be removed and the shirt should be left open at the neck.
11. The current USEF rule on Protective Headgear will be enforced at all shows.
CURLING