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Volatiles PDF
Volatiles PDF
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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E 872 – 82 (1998)
6.1.3.1 Coning and dividing reduction is accomplished by constitute a laboratory sample. Riffles and procedures are
placing the gross sample on a sheet of rubber or oil cloth. described in Method D 2013.
Thoroughly mix it by raising first one corner of the cloth and 6.2 Reduce the sample to a smaller particle size by use of
then the other. After mixing, cone and quarter sample. Con- cutting or shearing type laboratory mill. The final product
tinue the operations until the sample is reduced sufficiently so should pass through a 1-mm or smaller screen. Depending on
that one quarter weighs about 50 g (0.11 lb). This shall the specific product this step may involve more than one stage
constitute a laboratory sample. of reduction, that is, passing the sample through a mill with a
6.1.3.2 Riffle reduction is accomplished by using a standard
larger size screen first and then milled to pass the final screen.
coal riffle. The gross sample is riffled repeatedly until one half
Minimum atmospheric exposure is recommended and the
of the riffle sample equals about 50 g (0.11 lb) which will
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E 872 – 82 (1998)
milling process should be conducted to avoid significant 7. Calculation
moisture means to ensure thorough intermix of heavy fines and 7.1 Calculate the weight loss percent as follows:
milled fluff.
Weight loss, % 5 100 3 ~Wi 2 Wf!/~Wi 2 Wc! 5 A (1)
6.3 Weigh the crucible and cover to the nearest 0.01 g and
record as crucible weight, Wc. Place approximately 1 g of
sample in the crucible, cover, weigh the crucible, cover, and where:
sample to the nearest 0.01 g, and record as initial weight, Wi. Wc = weight of crucible and cover, g,
6.4 Place the covered crucible with sample on platinum or Wi = initial weight, g, and
nickel-chromium wire supports and insert directly into the Wf = final weight, g.
furnace chamber, which shall be maintained at a temperature of 7.2 Calculate the volatile matter percent in the analysis
950 6 20°C, and lower immediately to the 950°C zone. samples as follows:
Regulation of the temperature to within the prescribed limits is Volatilematter in analysis sample, % 5 A 2 B (2)
critical. After the more rapid discharge of volatile matter has
subsided as shown by the disappearance of the luminous flame,
inspect the crucible (Note 2) to verify the lid is still properly where:
seated. If necessary, reseat the lid to guard against the admis- A = weight loss %, and
sion of air into the crucible. Do this as rapidly as possible by B = moisture, %, as determined using Method E 871.
raising the crucible to the top of the furnace chamber, reposi-
tion the lid as described in Method D 2013 to more perfectly 8. Precision and Bias
seal the crucible, then lower immediately back to the 950°C 8.1 The following criteria should be used for judging the
zone. After heating for a total of exactly 7 min, remove the acceptability of results:
crucible from the furnace and, without disturbing the cover, 8.1.1 Repeatability—Duplicate results by the same labora-
allow it to cool in a desiccator. Weigh the covered crucible with tory should not be considered suspect unless they differ by
sample as soon as cold to the nearest 0.1 mg and record as final more than 0.3 %.
weight, Wf. 8.1.2 Reproducibility—The results submitted by two or
NOTE 2—Inspection of the crucible may be aided by the use of a mirror more laboratories should not be considered suspect unless they
held above the furnace well. differ by more than 1.0 %.
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