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Dr. N. K. Patel
Lecture: 11 Sodium bicarbonate
Module: 3
Lecture: 11
SODIUM BICARBONATE
INTRODUCTION
Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is also known as backing powder. The ancient
Egyptians used natural deposits of natron, a mixture consisting mostly of sodium
carbonate decahydrate, and sodium bicarbonate. The natron was used as a
cleansing agent like soap.
MANUFACTURE
Sodium bicarbonate is manufactured in the carbonation tower, same as used
in Solvay‘s Process.
Raw material
Basis: 1000kg of Sodium bicarbonate (98% yield)
Sodium carbonate = 643.74kg
Carbon dioxide = 267.28kg
Water = 109.40kg
Reaction
Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O 2NaHCO3
Manufacture
NPTEL 75
Module: 3
Dr. N. K. Patel
Lecture: 11 Sodium bicarbonate
Animation
Gas outlet to
absorbers
Saturated solution
of soda ash
Carbonation tower
Water Out
Cooling
coils
Water In
CO2
Water
Filter
Saturated solution of soda ash is passed from the top of a carbonating tower.
Compressed CO2 gas is admitted in counter currently from the bottom of the tower.
The temperature of the tower is maintained at 40°C by the cooling coils, provided
above the bottom of the tower. The suspension of bicarbonate formed is removed
from the bottom of the tower, filtered and washed on a vacuum rotary drum filter.
After centrifugation, the product is dried on continuous belt conveyor at 70°C to get
99.9% pure sodium bicarbonate.
NPTEL 76
Module: 3
Dr. N. K. Patel
Lecture: 11 Sodium bicarbonate
BAKING POWDERS
Sodium bicarbonate is primarily used in cooking (baking), as a leavening
agent for producing aeration and lightness in breads and cakes. NaHCO3 often
impetrated an unpleasant taste or even a yellowish colour due to alkalinity of the
sodium carbonate formed, the search for better reagents continued.
Most baking powders are so made that contain 26-29% NaHCO3 and enough
of acid ingredients to decompose the bicarbonate and 14-15% CO2. The rest of
powder, 20-40%, consists of corn starch of flour.
PROPERTIES
NPTEL 77
Module: 3
Dr. N. K. Patel
Lecture: 11 Sodium bicarbonate
USES
NPTEL 78