FLOOR CARE, CLEANING And MAINTENANCE

Chapter 3
 The condition of floors depends on how well they are cleaned
and maintained.Without proper maintenance, floors will wear
easily and will lose their beauty. Bigger expense is incurred
when floors are made to undergo frequent repair or
replacement.
 Floor should not only look clean and shiny, but should also be
in good condition – not broken, torn or damage so as not to
cause accidents. Cracks, splinter and other problems should be
repaired as soon as possible. Loose or defective floor tiles should
be replaced.
TYPES OF FLOORS
1. Hard floors
a. Marble and cemented floors
b. Mixed – i.e., pebbles crazy cut,
etc.

DAILY MAINTENANCE
Sweeping – daily
Damp mopping – as needed
Plain polishing – daily
Stripping and finishing – periodically

Brushing with a push brush wet moping

TYPES OF FLOORS
2. Vinyl/resilient floors

DAILY MAINTENANCE
Sweeping – daily
Damp mopping – as needed
Spray buffing and polishing – as needed
Vacuuming of corners - daily
TYPES OF FLOORS
3. Wood and Parquet

DAILY MAINTENANCE
Sanding – initial application
Sweeping – daily
Spray buffing and polishing as needed
Vacuuming of corners – daily
Dust mopping - daily
TYPES OF FLOORS
4. Carpet

DAILY MAINTENANCE
Vacuuming – daily
Shampooing – when heavily soiled
Extraction – when the soil has
penetrated the inner layers which
can only be removed by way of
exrtaction.
 Types of Floor Cleaning And Maintenance
Types of Floor Cleaning Equipment needed
1. Sweeping – removing dirt and trash from Soft broom for fine surfaces like cemented
floors using sweepers and dust pan. floors , vinyl.
Stick broom for hard surfaces like grounds,
Carpet sweeper for carpets
2. Dust mopping – dusting away dirt on floors Dry mop with handle
using mops.
3. Damp mopping – mopping the floor with Mop with handle
lightly wet mop to clear the floor of dirt and Mop must be squeezed tightly on the wringer
soil. to prevent dripping
Mop wringer
4. Spray buffing – spraying the floor with a Sprayer, buff finish, steel wool, nylon pads.
buff finish to retouch it an to keep the gloss.
5. Plain polishing – retouching the shine of Floor polisher
floors by polishing using a polisher.The floor
does not need to undergo stripping and
sealing.
6. Floor stripping – requires application of Finishing solution, mop with handle, mop
stripping solution wringer.
Types of Floor Cleaning Equipment needed
7. Finishing floors – performed on floors that Paste/ liquid wax
are stripped of old wax and dirt and sealed for
protection.The finishing is accomplished Floor polisher
through the application of wax or floor shine
and polishing thereafter using a floor polisher.

8. Extraction – process for extracting deeply Carpet extractor

embedded dirt and soil in carpets especially
those in inner layers that cannot be remove by
shampooing.
9.Wet mopping – mopping the floor using Mop
highly wet ( but not dripping) mop. Mop wringer

10.Wet scrubbing – scrubbing the floor with scrub – maybe cloth, coconut husk or other
coconut husk or a scrubber after the scrubber.
application of a floor finish or wax.

11.Vacuuming – elimination of embedded dirt Ordinary vacuum cleaner or

on floors using a vacuum cleaner. Hydro – vac (wet and dry vacuum for wet and
dry surfaces)
Cleaning And Maintenance of Resilient Floors
 The most common of the resilient ( or man made) floors are
linoleum, vinyl, asphalt and rubber tiles. They are man made
because, unlike wood and marble , they are manufactured out of
elements produced by chemical processes. They are resilient
because they are elastic and buoyant underfoot. Unlike wood and
marble, they are also non-porous,. These floors are usually used
in utility areas such as the kitchen and the laundry room.
Among the resilient floors are:
1. Linoleum – a mixture of
solidified linseed oil,
gums, and pigments,
cord dust, laid on burlap,
canvas or felt backing. It
comes in attractive
patterns – geometric,
floral, and abstract.
2. Vinyl – made of
plastic(polyvinyl
chloride compounds)
and comes in cheer
vinyl, roto-vinyl
asbestos tile and
homogenous vinyl tile.
3. Asphaltile – a mixture of
asbestos fibers, resin and
asphalt. Its color extend
through the tile. It is hard
floor, inexpensive yet
attractive. Since it resists
the chemical reactions of
alkaline moisture, it can be
laid directly over concrete
foundation slabs or basement
floors.
Care and Maintenance of Hard Floors
 Hard Floors are so called because they are hard and not
easily pierced. They are cold underfoot. The most
common of these are marble and granolithic floors. They
are usually used in the living and dining rooms, terraces
and sometimes in the utility are.
 Hard Floor include:
1. Marble comes mainly
from quarries in Rizal,
Bulacan, Mindoro and
Romblon. It comes in a
wide varieties of color,
sheen and patterns
formed by veins or
clouds.
2. Mixes comes in
granolithic, terrazo,
ceramic, and tile, terra
cotta, brick, and
concrete and pebble
washout.
3. Terrazo and Granolithic have
basically the same composition
as mixes; made out of marble
chips and white cement,
compressed and thick slab
ground that is polished to a very
smooth finish.
4. Ceramic Tile is
bake clay tile
which comes
unglazed or with a
high glaze.
5. Terra Cotta
is hard baked
clay tile in
reddish or red-
yellow colors.
6. Concrete is a mixture
of sand and cement
with gravel, broken
stone and/ or other
similar elements. The
water allows the
cement to bind the
mass into the desired
form.
7.Pebble washout is a
mixture of river stones and
cement. The color depends
on the color of the stones
used in the mixture and the
cement.
Cleaning and Maintenance of Carpeted Floors
 Carpeted floors are made of fibers. They need special attention. Improper
cleaning and treatment can destroy the fibers and turn it into a worn out
carpet.
 carpets are to be cleaned daily with a vacuum cleaner. If heavenly soiled,
shampooing necessary using either manual method or through the use of a
shampooing machine. However in cases where the soil has deeply
penetrated the carpet layers, shampooing may not be able to remove the
soil underneath. If this is the case, extraction maybe necessary. Use a
carpet extractor. Too frequent extraction is neither recommended inasmuch
as this can destroy the fibers.
 Carpet Extraction- by extraction, the dirt of soil in the carpet is loosened and
the extracted. It should be rinsed right after extraction. This process applies
to all types of carpet and offers the following advantages:
1. It removes dirt right down to the based of the pile.
2. Only small quantities of chemical residue are left, resulting in a low degree
of subsquent re-soiling.
3. Small amount of residual moisture (about 10-20%) is left due to efficient
vacuum removal.
4. has short drying period.
5. It is safe even for gentle carpets.
 Three types of carpet stains
1. GROUP A - ( softdrinks, alcohol, candy, urine, excrement and starches) – Sponge the spill lightly
with cool water and wipe with sponge or tissue paper. For stubborn stains, sponge a detergent
solution, rinse with clean water, blot dry with paper towels; and then completely dry, and brush up
the affected areas.
2. GROUP B – ( ink, face cream, butter and other oily or greasy substances)- remove or blot away
the spilled substance working from the edge toward the center to avoid spreading the spill. For
scraping, use a spoon or the dull side of a knife sponge the affected area with cleaning fluid and
brush off.
3. GROUP C – (Stains in this group are a combination of A and B and includes she polish, coffee,
vomit, blood and crayon). Blot up or scrape the spilled substance. Then sponge the detergent
solution. If stains remain after the area is dry, use cleaning fluid.
4. Partition the area to bee mopped and do mopping part by part. Re-wet
the mop with a floor finish to make sure the finishing chemical is
applied evenly.
5. Continue to apply the finish covering each area before the adjoining
area is dry. To make a smooth ever application, make sure all pores are
properly filled to lasting protection.
6. Allow at least one-hour drying time.
7. If necessary, apply another coat of finish, only after the first coat is
thoroughly dry.
8. To avoid contaminating the remaining contents, never return leftover
finish to the product container.
 REMOVING SPOTS ON THE CARPET
SOURCE OF SPOTS/STAINS
Sugar and Starch

SOLUTION
Wipe spot with a cloth or
sponge; rinse with clear water.
Use dry cleaning fluids or
absorbent powder cleaner.
SOURCE OF SPOTS/STAINS
Milk

SOLUTION
Sponge with solution of water
and detergent, then with clear
water.
SOURCE OF
SPOTS/STAINS
Ink

SOLUTION
If spot is caused by
washable ink, use damp,
absorbent cloth. If it
comes from ballpoint
mark, use dry-cleaning
fluid.
SOURCE OF SPOT/STAINS
Pet spot

SOLUTION
Sponge urine spots thoroughly with clear
water then blot quickly. Go over spot and
apply solution of water and detergent, then
wipe off with cloth dampened with clear
water, blotting up excess. If spot has dried,
saturate it with solution of ½-cup vinegar to
a cup of warm water and let it stand for a
few minutes. Blot and repeat treatment until
the discoloration disappears. They dry carpet
as quickly as possible.
SOURCE OF SPOT/STAINS
Wax

SOLUTION
If the wax has dried, use stiff bristle brush to
remove solid matter. On spots caused by
paste or liquid wax of furniture wax, use dry-
cleaning fluid. If stains remain, rub with warm
soapy water or foam type rug cleaner. Spots
from self polishing floor wax should be
cleaned with warm water and detergent. If
necessary, follow with foam type or dry
cleaning fluid, or both.
SOURCE OF SPOT/STAINS
Cigarette burns

SOLUTION
If burns appear on the surface of the
rug, use a sharp scissor to snip away
blackened ends of tuft. Sponge with a
solution of wax and detergent, then
sponge again with clear water. For
severely burnt spots, consult a
professional carpet repair service.
 Finishing floors
- To finish a floor means completing the process of floor cleaning through wax
application only after it has been stripped of old sealers and wax and after it has been
sealed with a sealing solution.
- Materials needed : mop, mop wringer, finishing solution
1. Dip the clean mop into the bucket containing the finishing solution and wring it as
tightly as possible through the mop wringer/squeezer.
2. For non-buffable finishes (not fit for spray buffing), dip the mop in the bucket of
finishing chemical and then damp-mop the floor very lightly. Mop should be full but
not dripping. For floors fit for buffable finish, mop should be wring almost dry to
make a thin coat.
3. Start applying the fish in a corner of a room opposite the door or work
towards the door coat the edges of an area small enough to be covered
easily before the finish begins to dry.
4. Partition the area to be mopped and do mopping part by part. Re-wet the mop
with a floor finish to make sure the finishing chemical is applied evenly.
5. Continue to apply the finish covering each area before the adjoining area is
dry. To make a smooth even application, make sure all pores are properly
filled to lasting protection.
6. Allow at least one- hour drying time.
7. If necessary, apply another coat of finish, only after the first coat is
thoroughly dry.
8. To avoid contaminating the remaining contents, never return leftover finish to
the product container.
 Spray Buffing
This designed to retouch the gloss of the floor. Use it only in areas that have become dull and
have lost its glossy appearance.
1. Sweep the floor with dust mop and remove sticky deposits with a putty knife or any
appropriate scraper. It should not be sharp so as not to cause damage.
2. For maximum ease or application, clean and restore the gloss of the floor using a floor
polisher and spray gun puff finish.
3. Star at the far end corner of the surface and work backwards, maneuvering the machine
from the left to right with over lapping strokes , covering entire surface.
4. A corridor maybe done in a single left to right stroke.
5. I the surface is big, working in “lanes” is advised.
 FLOOR POLISHING PROCEDURES
Cleaning equipment and
materials needed.
•Floor polisher
•Polishing pads
•Wax
•Soft broom and dust pan
•Polishing or scrubbing
•Steel wool
•Mop
•Hand gloves
•Caution sign
Steps procedures
1.Install a caution sign Place it in such a way that it can be
labeled “ caution, wet easily seen.
floor”
Dip or dry- clean the Roll steel wool on the polishing pad.
floor Insert or attach it to the brush.
Damp mop Start at the corner and mop when the
floor is a little bit wet.
Apply wax to the floor Pour wax directly to the mop and
start applying evenly to the floor. Let
the wax stand for 10-15 minutes.
Polish the area Preferable use a polishing pad.
Sweep the area Use the soft broom and dustpan
moving from one corner to the other.
Purpose Additional
Information
This is a warning signal designed to
prevent slips and accidents arising
from wet and slippery floors,
To remove scratches and dirt that
have penetrated the floors.
Start from the corner to make sure
that no portion is missed out. Mop
when wet so that dirt, dust and
loose soil can be easily absorbed.
There should be sufficient time for
the wax to dry up before polishing
to get better results.
To polish the floor evenly and to
make it more shiny and
presentable.
To pick up the remaining dirt and
dust that has loosened on the floor
surface.
General cleaning of Vinyl floors
1. Sweep the floor using a soft broom to remove dirt and litters.
2. Remove sticky substance with a putty knife.
3. Mop messy deposits an rinse thoroughly.
4. Damp mop the floor to remove stubborn dirt. Mop with all porpuse
detergents.
5. Rinse thoroughly with plain water.
6. Place “wet floor “ sign on these areas until dry.
Carpet Shampooing and Spot Removal
Equipment and supplies
needed.
•Vacuum cleaner
•Shampooing machine
•Push brush or hand
brush( if manual)
•Caution sign
•Pail and dustpan
•Stain remover solution
•Rags, broom
Steps procedures Purpose additional information

1.Prepare all the above materials Get the supplies from the stockroom. When every thing is needed is ready
and available, cleaning jobs becomes
easier and faster.

2. Sweep the area to be cleaned. Use a stick broom and a dustpan. This helps to clear the area of foreign
and pointed objects like pins, etc.
That can damage the vacuum
cleaner.

3.Vacuum the carpet thoroughly Using a vacuum cleaner, start from
one corner to the rest, moving
towards edges and corners.
4.Apply the stain remover solution on Shake the can very well.
a stained area (if there is no one). Apply the solution directly unto the
stained areas using a hand brush.
Se procedures for spot removal on
carpet.
Vacuuming is necessary before
shampooing to remove soiled
particles that have penetrated the
carpet.
Stain should be removed before the
carpet undergoes shampooing.
Do not spread the stains. Wash spot
from the outside to the center to
avoid spreading the stains.
steps procedure Purpose additional information

5.Shampoo the First dilute the shampoo using 1-gallon solution for every 15 For better results, a stronger dilution is
carpet gallons of water for heavily soiled areas like function rooms; for needed for highly soilded areas.
less soiled areas, using a ratio of 1:25. Always start at the far end comer of the
Apply carpet After diluting, apply shampoo using machine or manual method. surface.
shampoo as Do not over-wet or use excessive
directly water.

Vacuum the Use hydro-vacuum machine if available.
area once Let machine work along sides and corners.
again. If a rotary system is used, handle the machine from left to right
while overlapping each stroke of the machine run.
Wet vacuum or hydro-vac is used to
completely dissolve soil and moisture.
Thorough vacuuming is required after
shampooing to remove the foam
residue.
If the spot is small, simply dry it with
absorbent cloth

Push-brush the Use the push brush This process makes it easier for the
carpet fibers. carpet to dry up, thus making it look
better.
Let the carpet If shampooing machine is used, let it dry overnight. If manual
dry. method is used, drying time is reduced to one hour.