Industrial Engineering Journal

ISSN:2581-4915

Industrial Engineering Journal

Volume 12 Issue 3 * March 2019

Literature Review on ‘Value Stream Mapping’ Using

Bibliometric Tool
Z. Z. Inamdar1, V. S. Narwane2, R. D. Raut3 and B. E. Narkhede4

1
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Vidyavihar, Mumbai, India.
zeeshan.i@somaiya.edu
2
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Vidyavihar, Mumbai, India.
vsnarwane@somaiya.edu
3
Operations & Supply Chain Management Group, NITIE, Mumbai, India.
rraut@nitie.ac.in
4
Industrial Engineering and Manufacturing Systems Group, NITIE, Mumbai, India.
benarkhede@nitie.ac.in

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study is to represent the prospect on ‘Value Stream Mapping which is
recently gaining more and more attention in every sector of Enterprises. To archive this purpose a dynamics
methodology called as ‘Systematic literature network analysis’ has been applied. This methodology
combines the ‘bibliographic network’ and the ‘Systematic literature approach’. Systematic literature network
analysis methodology has been adopted in this study allows complementing the traditional content-based
literature into the bibliographic network by extracting quantitative information to detect the emerging trend
and research carried out around the globe. This dynamic analysis has given the research direction and critical
areas for applying Value Stream Mapping in a Production system.

KEYWORDS: Value stream mapping, CiteSpace, Network analysis, Systematic literature network analysis,
Citation network

1. INTRODUCTION

Lean Manufacturing is one of the techniques that every companies and businessperson is trying to adapt to
remain in the global competitive market. There are many lean tools and technique in lean manufacturing to
increase the productivity and reduce the cost of manufacturing. Few popular tools are Just in Time
(Sugimori et al., 1977), Cellular manufacturing (Wemmerlöv and Hyer, 1989), PDCA - Plan, Do, Check,
Act (Sokovic et al., 2010), 5S – Sort, Set in Order, Shine, Standardize, Sustain (Kobayashi et al., 2008),
Value Stream Mapping (Tyagi et al., 2015), Continuous Improvement (Bhuiyan and Baghel, 2005). Lean
Thinking is an idea based on the principal of Toyota Production System (TS), which extend continuous
efforts to reduce the cost of the customer by improving the manufacturing facility by including suppliers,
distributors, and production system (Womack and Jones, 1997). These improvements and cost reduction is
archived by minimizing the Muda i.e. waste involved in various activities and process to deliver an order to
the customer. The root cause of waste is the insufficient utilisation of resources and poor control over the
process. The waste comes under the following classification overproduction, Inventory, Transportation,
Waiting, Motion, Over-processing, correction: re-work (Mathaisel, 2005).Value stream mapping (VSM) is a
process flowchart, which gives information in each step of the production of goods, material and resources
and the relationship between them (Irani and Zhou 2011). VSM is one of the important tools in any lean

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initiative helping you to highlight the source of mudra and negative effects on the overall performances and
flow (Chaple and Narkhede, 2017). VSM is process of mapping various material flow information,
Inventories information, Information flow between various departments in industries required to coordinate
the activities carried out by the manufacturers, suppliers and the distributors to deliver the final product to
the customer (Rother and Shook, 2003). It helps you to show the link between the material flow and
information flow, presently no other tool other than VSM has the ability to does that (Rother and Shook,
2003).

The first purpose of this study is to investigate the current practises lean tools that are been adopted in
various manufacturing companies so that they can move from discrete to a continuous manufacturing
environment. The Secondary purpose of the study is to understand the theory of VSM and its effects on
production system thoroughly and to calculate various key factors involving in it. The third and main
purpose of my studies is to carry out ‘Systematic Literature Network Analysis’ (SLNA). SLNA combines
systematic literature review and Bibliometric network analysis on VSM by using CiteSpace (version 5.4R4)
software to generate various topology networks and to analyse various trends and research carried out in
various field of application on VSM around the globe.

Fig 1 Systematic Literature Network Analysis [Colicchia and Strozzi,2012]

Colicchia and Strozzi (2012) introduced SLNA, which combines Bibliographies network analysis and
systematic literature review. This methodology is an ideal choice to investigate trends, key issues and
evolutionary trajectories that are influencing the domain of knowledge development (Kajikawa et al., 2007).

In CiteSpace network Analysis, betweenness centrality of a node in the network measures the importance of
the position of the node in the network (Chen et al., 2012). Burst is a cluster contains numerous nodes with
strong citation bursts, and then the cluster as a whole captures an active area of research, or an emerging
trend (Kleinberg, 2003).

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

Research methodology conducted for literature review as follows. From the extensive research, the literature
reviews based on peered reviewed papers of the following publishers: IEEE, Elsevier, Emerald, Springer,
Wiley, Taylor and Francis, Inderscience.

From the above-given publisher no textbook, conference proceedings, the white paper considered for
Literature survey. Only journal papers considered for literature survey, even PhD thesis excluded in the
literature survey. Literature study based upon extensive search of literature. After analysing manually, 20
relevant papers considered on VSM. Each collected journals are categorised, analysed and a code given to
them.

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Table 2.1 Literature survey with critical factors [Source: Author]

Sr Publication Country Name/Type of Tools/ Techniques Adoption model Critical factor

No. Industries
1. Abdulmalek USA Manufacturing VSM data gathered by Rother and Shook approach, Simulation Total production lead-time, Value added
and by “System Modeling Corporation’s Arena 5 software”, full time, Inventories, Takt time, Work in
Rajgopal factorial experimental design, kanban pull system, Analysis of process, Total productive maintenance,
variance (ANOVA), statistical analysis software “Minitab” Setup time reduction.
Andrade et Brazil Manufacturing First In First Out, Supermarkets, Kanban, “ProModel” Processing time, Lead-time, bottleneck of
2 al. (2016) simulation software, single operator alternating operations production, Work positions
Andreadis et UK Manufacturing Survey questions developed by Qualtrics software, Pearson Reduction in lead time, Improved
3 al. (2017) correlation analysis, ANOVA test, 2-Sample Proportion test, productivity, Reduction in cycle time,
Tukey-Pairwise Comparison analysis, 1-Sample t-tests Reduction in inventory, waste
Atieh et al. Jordan Glass Event Simulation software ARENA-Rockwell Automation, Bottleneck, Takt time, utilization time,
4 (2016) Industries Little’s law, Waiting time method, Utilization method, Key performance indicator, Waiting time,
Computerized relative allocation of facilities Technique Inventory.
(CRAFT) method, MS Excel
Azizi and Malaysia Manufacturing 3G's (Gemba, Gembutsu, and Genjitsu), Kaizen activities with Cycle time, Processing time, Changeover
5 Manoharan Single Minute Exchange of Die (SMED) time, Transportation time, Queuing,
(2015) Handling time, Lead-time, Reducing
waste, Bottleneck.
Bal et al. Turkey Healthcare Record data analysed by SPSS software, VSM drawing carried Value added time, Total lead time,
6 (2017) Sector out on Microsoft Visio, Simulation done on ARENA Bottleneck. utilization rate
software,5S.
Carmignani Italy Manufacturing Cost Deployment method, Cause-effect relationship, Pareto Costs (Labour, Material, Energy), Work
7 (2017) Analysis, Data collection by Rother and shook approach, Five in process, Cycle time, Value added time,
why, Spaghetti chart, PDCA. Non value added time, Non flow standard
activity cost, Non-Capital Carrying Costs.
Haefner et Germany Manufacturing Process Failure Mode and Effects Analysis, Data collected by Quality-related costs (Prevention,
8 al.(2014) recording and Analysis approach, SIPOC analysis, Ishikawa Inspection, Rework, Scrapping, Customer
analysis, FMEA analysis, Poka-yoka Technique, Cost benefit reclamation, reworked defects, Time.
analysis.
.

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9 Heravi and Iran Construction Productivity simulation software DES software Arena 13.5, Line Shortest lead-time, Highest quality,
Firoozi of balance (LOB) Technique, Critical path method (CPM) Lowest costs, Takt time, Just in time,
(2017) cycle time.
Hodge et al. USA Textile 5S, Brainstorming method, Kanban, Rapid Improvement Lead Time, Cycle time, Production time.
10 (2011) Industry analysis, Just-In-Time (kanbans, supermarkets) Inventory, Changeover times, Smaller lot
sizes
Kumar et India Manufacturing Pareto analysis, 5 why, Poka-Yoka technique, Brainstorming Takt time, Customer, demand in future,
11 al.(2018) technique, Pencil and Paper, Electronic information, Kanban Value added time, Kanban size, One-
system piece flow, cycle time, Machine setting
time, Manpower efficiency.
Lacerda et Portugal Manufacturing Collection of data through observation, Kaizen, Lean metrics Monthly workforce Necessity, Takt Time,
12 al. (2016) KPI, 5S methodology, Single Minute Cycle Time, Costs and savings, quality
Exchange of Die (SMED), Poka Yoke system and efficiency, Bottleneck
Nafors et al. Sweden Manufacturing Discrete event simulation software “Visual Components 4.0 Process time, Batch size, Process step,
13 (2018) premium software”, 3D laser scanning Product flow, Point cloud data
Rohani and Malaysia Color industry Continuous flow technique, 5’s principles, Kanban method Production Lead-time, Value added time,
14 Zahraee Takt time, Remove bottlenecks, Minimum
(2015) batch sizes
Schmidtke UK Manufacturing Data collection done by Rother and shook approach, FIFO, Customer demand fulfilment, WIP, lead
15 et al. (2014) Kanban pull system, DES package ExtendSim, trade-off analysis time, customer service level
Sing et al. India Manufacturing CVSM data collected by discussion and few assumptions, Total inventory, Cycle time, Change over
16 (2011) Kanban system, Electronic information flow time, Manpower, Total lead-time,
production lead time, Work in process
Inventory, Station cycle time
Tyagi et al. USA Manufacturing Gemba walk, Brainstorming, Pareto diagram, Subject Matter Time-to-market, Lead-time, Achieving
17 (2015) Experts, Diagrams, Affinity diagram. cost, Total waiting time
Venkataram India Material Analytic Hierarchical Process, Kaizen Technique. Cycle time, Number of workers,
18 an et al. processing Inventory, Takt time, capital investment,
(2014) quality in production
Vinodh et al. India Manufacturing 5S, Fool proofing, Stage inspection, IT-enabled logistics Lead-time, Total cycle time, Work in
19 (2010) systems. progress, Defects, WIP reduction
Vinodh et al. India Manufacturing Pareto analysis, cause and effect analysis, Design of experiment Top-level management acceptance, Takt
20 (2014) (Taguchi experiment). time, Process cycle time, Change over
time, WIP, Mean time to repair.

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3. METHODOLOGY

Literature review has been performed on lean Manufacturing, Lean tools, VSM, Bibliometric and CiteSpace
Software. After studying various lean tools such as 5S, PDCA, VSM, Kanban pull system and VSM,
Importance of VSM in increasing the productivity by decreasing the waste and providing the roadmap for
improvement are analysed. Various Case studies and application of values stream mapping in various sectors
such as Manufacturing, Health sector, construction sector, and Service sector is studied.

There are major two databases commonly used by scholars i.e. Web of Science and Scopus. Scopus database
used to gather various journals related to VSM because Scopus is nearly 60% larger than WOS database.
The following keywords used in Scopus database to collect the journals as VSM, lean, lean production, Lean
thinking, VSM. Combinations of keywords by using “and/or” technique are also used in Scopus database to
collect the journals as (“VSM” and “Product development”), (“VSM” and “lean thinking”), (“VSM” and
“simulation”), (“VSM” and “production cost”), (“VSM” and “performance measurement”), (“VSM” and
“sustainable practice”), (“VSM” and “work in progress”), (“VSM and smart manufacturing”).

The study is divided into two phase, first phase is systematic Literature Review and second phase is SLNA
methodology. In first phase, SLR allowed to identifying most relevant journals related to VSM. The details
of SLR study are in the literature table with critical factors. From Scopus database, we obtained 130 works
as on VSM.

The second phase of the study in SLNA methodology includes bibliographic network analysis and
visualization. Bibliographic network analyses carried on CiteSpace software (version 5.3. R4) on VSM to
study the emerging trends and research carried out over the years. The input data (Journals) for CiteSpace
software generated from Scopus saved in Research Information Systems (RIS) format. As CiteSpace,
software takes input data for network analysis from Web of Science (WOS), the Scopus RIS format
converted into WOS plain text data format in CiteSpace. The nodes in the topology of network diagram
represent Cited references and links that connects the nodes represent co-citation relationship between each
other.

Various network analyses is carried out in CiteSpace such as Cited Author, Journals, Cited Keywords, cited
country wise, cited References, burst and their results were recorded

4. RESULTS

CiteSpace Software generated the results. Fig 2 shows the network topology for cited Reference. The most
cited reference is “Singh, B., & Sharma, S. K. (2009)”with citation count of eight and Centrality of 0.33. In
this journal, the author has explained the importance of lean manufacturing and lean tools. He also has
carried out a case study on a manufacturing firm using VSM to improve productivity. The Second most cited
reference is “Abdulmalek, F. A., & Rajgopal, J. (2007)”with citation count of eight and Centrality of 0.09. In
this journal, the author has explained the benefits of lean manufacturing and he has carried out a case study
on process sector with help of VSM simulation software to reduce production lead-time and lower work in
process inventory. The third most cited journal is “Grewal, C. (2008)”with citation count of four and
Centrality of 0.06. In this journal, the author has given an overview of VSM and performed a case study at a
company to improve the reduction in lead-time, inventory level and cycle time.

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Fig 2Network topology of Reference categories based on VSM publication Fig 4Network topology of Journal categories based on VSM publication
[Source: Author] [Source: Author]

Fig 3Network topology of Author categories based on VSM publication Fig 5 Network topology of Keyword categories based on VSM publication
[Source: Author] [Source: Author]

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The most cited Author is Rother M with citation count of 61 and centrality of 0.26. The second most cited
Author is Womack JP with citation count of 47 and centrality of 0.0. The third most cited Author is Hines P
with citation count of 44 and centrality of 0.26. Fig 3shows the network topology of cited Author

The most cited journal is “INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION RESEARCH (2008)” with
citation count of 50 and centrality of 0.09. The second most cited journal is “INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
OF PRODUCTION ECONOMICS (2009)” with citation count of 43 and centrality of 0.27. The third most
cited journal is “JOURNAL OF OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT (2010)” with citation count of 26 and
centrality of 0.11. Fig 4 Shows the network topology if cited journal.

Fig 6 Top cited journal with the strongest citation burst [Source: Author]
The top ranked cited journal by burst is “INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION RESEARCH
(2008)” with bursts of 3.08. The second one is “INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OPERATIONS AND
PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT (2009)” with bursts of 3.06. Fig 6shows the bursts result generated by
CiteSpace.

The top cited Keyword is Value Stream Mapping with citation count of 89 and centrality of 0.64. The
second most cited keyword is mapping with citation count of 44 and centrality of 0.4. The third most cited
Keyword is Lean Manufacturing with citation count of 33 and centrality of 0.26.

Fig 7 Top cited keyword with strongest citation bursts[Source: Author]

The top ranked Keyword by bursts is hydraulics with bursts of 3.91. The second top ranked Keyword by
bursts is Lean with bursts of 3.05. Fig 7 Shows the bursts results generated by CiteSpace

Fig 8 Network topology of Cited country wise based on VSM publication [Source: Author]
The top ranked country by citation is India (2006) with citation count of 22 and centrality of 0.0. The second
ranked country by citation is United States (2010) with citation count of 14 and centrality of 0.11.The third
ranked country is also USA (2011) with citation count of nine and centrality of 0.29.

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5. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

In this study, vast literature survey carried out VSM from various different publishers. From 20 journals that
considered on VSM for literature survey, their critical factor has identified. The most common critical
factors identified in journals are work in process, bottleneck, takt time, lead-time, inventory, cycle time, cost,
value added time, and waste.

Quantitative bibliometric analysis carried out relying on the software tool and its algorithms that allowed a
dynamic representation on knowledge generated over time. Due to these, we succeeded in providing a big
picture of knowledge on VSM. From Bibliometric analysis, evolution of this field of research, emerging
topic and trends on VSM identified. The SLNA methodology help to combine systematic literature review
with bibliometric network analysis. The SLNA methodology also canuse in different application for benefits
of research.

This study contains information that many manufacturing industries, construction sectors, Health care
service sectors and even government can use for evolving traditional production system practise for better
productivity, reducing waste and increasing competitiveness of countries.

This methodology applied in this study has limitations. One of the limitations is that it only takes into
account citation journals that may not give completely informative about real contribution of papers to the
knowledge body. Another limitation is citation data is from databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, etc.
that are comprehensive which is small fraction of scientific publications. One more issues about this method
is that it “has Matthew effect” that means rich get richer, Researcher will tend to cite journals from well
know researchers that has high number of citation because they regard these journals as a reliable source of
information because of their popularity and reputation.

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AUTHORS

Zeeshan Z. Inamdar, M. Tech.(CAD/CAM & Robotics) Student, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, K. J.

Somaiya College of Engineering, Vidyavihar, Mumbai, India. E-mail: zeeshan.i@somaiya.edu

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Vaibhav S. Narwane, Associate Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, K. J. Somaiya College of

Engineering, Vidyavihar, Mumbai, India. E-mail: vsnarwane@somaiya.edu

Rakesh D. Raut, Operations & Supply Chain Management Group, National Institute of Industrial
Engineering (NITIE), Mumbai, India. E-mail: rraut@nitie.ac.in

Balkrishna E. Narkhede, Associate Professor, Industrial Engineering and Manufacturing Systems Group,
National Institute of Industrial Engineering (NITIE), Mumbai, India. E-mail: benarkhede@nitie.ac.in

Correspondence Author – Vaibhav S. Narwane, vsnarwane@gmail.com, Mobile- 9769761576

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