Organizing

 The second phase of management process.

 Involves establishing a formal structure that provides the best
possible coordination or use of resources to accomplish unit
objectives.
 It determines what tasks are to be done, who is to do these,
how tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and what
decision are to be made.

CATEGORIES OF ORGANIZATION
1. Formal organization
 is a system of well defined jobs, each with measure of
authority and responsibility.
 It is well defined, bounded by delegation and relatively stable.
2. Informal organization
 Refers largely to what people do because they are human
personalities, and to their actions in terms of needs, emotions,
and not in terms of regulations
CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGANIZATION
1. Division of work where each box represents an individual or
sub unit responsible for a given task.
2. Chain of command with lines indicating who reports to whom
and by what authority.
3. Different types of work segments, shown by clusters of work
groups.
4. Different level of management including hierarchial
relationships.
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
 Refers to the way in which a group is formed, its lines of
communication, and its means for channeling authority and
making decisions.
PATTERNS OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
1. Tall or centralized structure
In such a structure, the centralization authority is:
a) Responsible for only few subordinates, so there is a
narrow span of control; and
b) Because of vertical nature of the structure, there are
many level of communication.
2. Flat or decentralized structures
This structure is characterized by few levels and a broad span
of control, where decision-making is spread among many
people. Communication from lower level to higher level is easy
and direct.

TYPES OF ORGANIZATONAL STRUCTURE

1. Line structure- Bureaucratic organizational designs are
commonly called line structures.
-In this structure, authority and responsibility
are clearly defined, which leads to efficiency
and simplicity of relationships.
Ex: Organizational chart
2. Ad hoc Designs- Is a modification of the bureaucratic
structure and is sometimes used as temporary basis to
facilitate completion of a project within a formal line
organization.
3. Matrix structure- Is designed to focus on both product and
function.
 -has a formal vertical and horizontal chain of
command.
4. Shared governance organization- It is one of the most radical
and idealistic type of organizational structure developed in
1980’s as an alternative to traditional pyramidal/centralized
structure.
5. Flat Organization- It is a decentralized type. There is a
flattened scalar chain and fewer level of position.
- It is also known as Horizontal organization
6. Staff organization- is by nature purely advisory to the line
structure with no authority to place recommendations into
action.
7. Functional organization- permits a specialist to aid line
position within limited and clearly defined scope of authority
8. Lateral organization- one of coordination and collaboration.