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Although they are one of the most primitive living insects, they are very
adaptable and highly successful. Some of the species have invaded human
habitats and are considered pests since they can spread disease.
"Crazy bug"
Cockroaches or roaches belong to the order Blattaria, which means "to shun the
light." They were given this scientific name because they sleep and rest during
daylight hours and come out mainly at night. Their common name, however, is a
version of the Spanish word cucaracha, which means "crazy bug." If you have
ever seen one running away from you in a typical wild and zigzagging way, you
know how they got their name. There are some 4,000 species or kinds of
cockroaches living in nearly every habitat except Antarctica. All of them prefer to
live where it is warm and moist, or where they can at least get water, so it is not
surprising that they will move into people's homes if given the chance. Actually,
only about 35 of these species are ever associated with people, and the other
nearly 4,000 species live throughout the world, although the largest numbers are
found in the tropics.
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Cockroaches can be interesting, and some would even say fascinating. They can
range in length from only 0.1 to 3.2 inches (2.5 to 8.1 centimeters). They seldom
use their wings to fly, although some can fly around. Their bodies have a waxy
covering that keeps them from drowning. They also can swim and stay
underwater for as long as ten minutes. They will rest in one spot without moving
for eighteen hours a day, and can go a long time without food. They eat only at
night. As for what they eat, they are omnivorous (pronounced om-NIH-vaw-rus),
meaning that they can and will eat anything, plant or animal. The more we learn
about their diet, the more disgusting they seem, since they eat everything,
including animal feces. Although they will eat wood, which is made up of
cellulose, they are unable to digest it on their own and, thus, depend on certain
protozoa (pronounced pro-toe-ZO-uh) or single-celled organisms that live in
their digestive tracts or gut, to break the cellulose down. They make sure they
always have these protozoa in their systems by eating the feces of other
cockroaches.
Words to Know
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Cockroaches are escape artists whose zigzag darting is done at what seems
lightning speed. They can climb easily up vertical surfaces and have such flat
bodies that they can hide in the tiniest of cracks and crevices. They have
compound eyes (honeycomb-like light sensors) and antennae that are longer
than their bodies, which they use to taste, smell, and feel. They even have a
special organ in their mouths that allows them to taste something without
actually eating it. Each of their six strong legs has three sets of "knees," all of
which can sense vibrations and therefore serve as an early warning system. They
also have little motion detectors on their rear end, which explains why they are
so hard to catch and stomp. Although females mate only once in their lifetimes,
they will stay fertilized all their lives and keep producing eggs without the help
of a male cockroach.
Habits and anatomy
Its thorax is the middle section of the body; the insect's six legs and two wings
are attached to it. Two claws on each foot, plus hairs on their legs, enable them to
hold on tightly or climb a wall easily. Their legs are strong and can propel them
up to 3 miles (4.8 kilometers) per hour. The abdomen is the largest part of their
body, and has several overlapping sections or plates that look like body armor.
Their brain is not a single organ in th
Kecoak atau kecoak milik perintah Blattaria, yang berarti "menghindari cahaya."
Mereka diberi nama ilmiah ini karena mereka tidur dan beristirahat pada siang
hari dan keluar terutama pada malam hari. Nama umum mereka, bagaimanapun,
adalah versi kata Spanyol cucaracha, yang berarti "bug gila". Jika Anda pernah
melihat seseorang melarikan diri dari Anda dengan cara liar dan zig-zag biasa,
Anda tahu bagaimana mereka mendapatkan nama mereka. Ada sekitar 4.000
jenis atau jenis kecoak yang tinggal di hampir setiap habitat kecuali Antartika.
Mereka semua lebih suka tinggal di tempat yang hangat dan lembab, atau di
mana mereka setidaknya bisa mendapatkan air, jadi tidak mengherankan jika
mereka akan pindah ke rumah orang jika diberi kesempatan. Sebenarnya, hanya
sekitar 35 spesies ini yang pernah dikaitkan dengan manusia, dan yang lainnya
hampir 4.000 spesies hidup di seluruh dunia, walaupun jumlah terbesar
ditemukan di daerah tropis.
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Kecoa adalah pelarian seniman yang melakukan zigzag melesat dilakukan pada
kecepatan yang tampak secepat kilat. Mereka dapat memanjat dengan mudah ke
permukaan vertikal dan memiliki tubuh datar seperti yang bisa mereka
sembunyikan di celah dan celah paling kecil sekalipun. Mereka memiliki mata
majemuk (sensor cahaya mirip sarang lebah) dan antena yang lebih panjang dari
tubuh mereka, yang mereka gunakan untuk mencicipi, mencium, dan merasakan.
Mereka bahkan memiliki organ khusus di mulut mereka yang memungkinkan
mereka mencicipi sesuatu tanpa benar-benar memakannya. Masing-masing dari
enam kaki mereka yang kuat memiliki tiga set "lutut", yang kesemuanya dapat
merasakan getaran dan karena itu berfungsi sebagai sistem peringatan dini.
Mereka juga memiliki sedikit detektor gerakan di bagian belakang mereka, yang
menjelaskan mengapa mereka begitu sulit ditangkap dan diinjak. Meskipun
betina hanya satu kali dalam masa hidup mereka, mereka akan tetap membuahi
semua nyawa mereka dan tetap memproduksi telur tanpa bantuan kecoa laki-
laki.
Kebiasaan dan anatomi
Tromasinya adalah bagian tengah tubuh; enam kaki serangga dan dua sayap
melekat padanya. Dua cakar di setiap kaki, ditambah rambut di kaki mereka,
memungkinkan mereka berpegangan erat atau memanjat dinding dengan
mudah. Kaki mereka kuat dan bisa menggerakkan mereka hingga 3 mil (4,8
kilometer) per jam. Bagian perut adalah bagian terbesar dari tubuh mereka, dan
memiliki beberapa bagian atau pelat yang tumpang tindih yang terlihat seperti
pelindung tubuh. Otak mereka bukanlah satu organ dalam th
eir head, but is rather more like a single nerve that runs the length of their
bodies. Their heart is simple, too, looking more like a tube with valves, and their
blood is clear. They do not have lungs, but instead breathe through ten pair of
holes located on top of the thorax. Although females mate only once with a male,
they stay fertilized and will keep making baby roaches until they die. Most
species are oviparous (pronounced o-VIH-puh-rus), meaning the fertilized eggs
are laid and hatch outside of the mother's body. She can produce up to fifty
babies at once, sometimes within only three weeks. The hatched eggs produce
nymphs (pronounced NIMFS), which look like miniature adults. As the new
roach grows, it sheds or cracks its outer skin and drops it or molts, growing a
new, larger covering. Its does this as much as twelve times before it reaches
adulthood. Cockroaches can live anywhere from two to four years. Aside from
most people's natural dislike of any sort of "bug" crawling around where they
live, the fact that cockroaches can carry diseasecausing microorganisms gives us
a very good reason not to want to have them in our homes. Outside or in their
natural habitat, they have many natural enemies, including birds, reptiles,
mammals, and even other insects. But in our homes none of these usually exist,
so cockroaches can reproduce continuously unless removed. Poisons must be
used carefully in the home, and it is important first to deny cockroaches access to
the indoors by filling cracks to the outdoors. Their food supply can be restricted
if we do not leave out any food overnight and keep the kitchen counters and
floors swept of crumbs. Leaky faucets and half-full glasses will also provide them
with the water they need, so it is important to deny this. There are four common
types of cockroaches that many of us know, sometimes too well. The dark
American cockroach is large and is sometimes called a "water bug" or "palmetto
bug." The German cockroach is the smallest and has two black streaks down its
back. The Australian cockroach is a smaller version of its American cousin, and
the Oriental cockroach is reddish-brown or black and is often called a "black
beetle." Despite most people's natural dislike of cockroaches, some keep them as
pets in an escape-proof terrarium. This recalls an old Italian expression that is
translated as "Every cockroach mother thinks her baby is beautiful."
kepala mereka, tapi lebih seperti saraf tunggal yang membentang di sepanjang
tubuh mereka. Hati mereka juga sederhana, terlihat seperti tabung dengan
katup, dan darah mereka jelas. Mereka tidak memiliki paru-paru, tapi malah
bernapas melalui sepuluh pasang lubang yang terletak di atas dada. Meski betina
kawin hanya sekali dengan jantan, mereka tetap dibuahi dan akan terus
membuat kecoak bayi sampai mati. Sebagian besar spesies bersifat ovipar
(diucapkan o-VIH-puh-rus), artinya telur yang telah dibuahi diletakkan dan
menetas di luar tubuh ibu. Dia bisa memproduksi hingga lima puluh bayi
sekaligus, kadang hanya dalam waktu tiga minggu. Telur menetas menghasilkan
nimfa (diucapkan NIMFS), yang terlihat seperti orang dewasa miniatur. Saat
kecoak baru tumbuh, itu menumpahkan atau menghancurkan kulit luarnya dan
menjatuhkannya atau mencincang, menumbuhkan penutup baru yang lebih
besar. Ini melakukan hal ini sebanyak dua belas kali sebelum mencapai usia
dewasa. Kecoak bisa hidup di mana saja dari dua sampai empat tahun. Selain
ketidaksukaan orang kebanyakan terhadap "serangga" yang merangkak di
sekitar tempat tinggal mereka, fakta bahwa kecoak dapat membawa
mikroorganisme yang tidak beres memberi kita alasan yang sangat bagus untuk
tidak menginginkannya berada di rumah kita. Di luar atau di habitat alami
mereka, mereka memiliki banyak musuh alami, termasuk burung, reptil,
mamalia, dan bahkan serangga lainnya. Tapi di rumah kita tidak ada yang
biasanya ada, jadi kecoak bisa bereproduksi terus menerus kecuali dibuang.
Racun harus digunakan dengan hati-hati di rumah, dan pertama-tama penting
untuk menyangkal akses kecoak ke dalam ruangan dengan mengisi retakan ke
alam terbuka. Suplai makanan mereka bisa dibatasi jika kita tidak meninggalkan
makanan dalam semalam dan menjaga meja dapur dan lantai menyapu remah-
remah. Kran bocor dan gelas setengah penuh juga akan memberi mereka air
yang mereka butuhkan, jadi penting untuk menyangkal hal ini. Ada empat jenis
kecoak umum yang banyak diketahui kita, terkadang juga sangat baik. Kecoa
Amerika gelap itu besar dan kadang-kadang disebut "bug air" atau "bug
palmetto." Kecoa Jerman adalah yang terkecil dan memiliki dua garis hitam di
punggungnya. Kecoa Australia adalah versi sepupu Amerika yang lebih kecil, dan
kecoa Oriental berwarna coklat kemerah-merahan atau hitam dan sering disebut
"kumbang hitam". Meskipun kebanyakan orang tidak menyukai kecoak,
beberapa menjaga mereka sebagai hewan peliharaan di sebuah terarium rahasia
yang bisa melarikan diri. Ini mengenang ekspresi orang Italia kuno yang
diterjemahkan sebagai "Setiap ibu kecoak mengira bayinya cantik."