SCIENCE 10 Evidence from Biochemistry
CHAPTER 7 - BIODIVERSITY
AN
D
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EV
Evidence from Comparative Embryology
OL
Evidence from Vestiges
UTI
Evidence from Biochemistry
ON
Evidence from Biogeography
Prepared by: RONQUILLO, Gerome Angelo C.
Evidence from Comparative Embryology
This is a comparison of structures that appear
during the development of different organisms.
Studying the growing embryo in animals and
plants shows that closely related organisms go
through similar stages of development.
Darwin recognized this connection between
embryology and evolution. He proposed that
primitive features in organisms tend to be
generalized, while derived features tend to be
specialized. Darwin realized that one could
infer evolutionary divergence of a species from
a past behavior or activity.
Evidence from Vestiges
Some organisms show the presence of
functionless and reduced remnants of organs
that once have been present and functional in
their ancestors. Changes in the environment
have reduced these organs and so over time
they have lost their functionality. These organs
are called vestigial organs. Such organs
demonstrate the evolutionary divergence of a
species from past behavior or activity.
It is believed that human ancestors once ha
tails and lived in trees. The coccyx, or tail bone
found at the end of the human spine, is an
evidence of a vestigial tail. Since tails on
humans have been selected against in nature,
the coccyx is unnecessary in modern day
humans.
Almost all organisms make use of the same
basic biochemical molecules. Organisms use
the same genetic code for the same amino
acids in their proteins.
An improved understanding of DNA
sequencing and amino acid enables biologists
to determine evolutionary relationships. In fact,
through the comparison of the differences in
amino acid sequencing hemoglobin (blood
protein), scientists are able to understand the
relationships between human and primates.
DNA hybridization is another technique used to
investigate evolutionary relationships. It
measures similarities between the DNA of
different species by hybridizing DNA strands.
Evidence from Biogeography
It describes the distribution of life forms over
geographical areas, both in past and present
times. Biogeographical distribution supports the
theory of evolution. It is found that closely
related species are usually found in close
physical proximity to one another, and that
fossils from these regions resemble modern
organisms. This suggests that these species
share a common lineage.
The geographic distribution of organisms on
Earth follows patterns that are best explained
by evolution in conjunction with the movement
of tectonic plates over geological time.
SUMMARY OF EVOLUTIONARY EVIDENCES
Evidences
1. Fossils
2. Homologous Structures
Analogous Structures
3. Vestiges
4. Comparative Embryology
5. Biochemistry and Genetics
6. Biogeography
 SCIENCE 10
CHAPTER 7- BIODIVERSITY AND EVOLUTION
Prepared by: RONQUILLO, Gerome Angelo C.
Name: _________________________________
Date Taken: __________ Score: ___________
Test I
1. What have you learned in Evidence from
Comparative Embryology?
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
2. What have you learned in Evidence from
Vestiges?
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
3. What have you learned in Evidence from
Biochemistry?
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
4. What have you learned in Evidence from
Biogeography?
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
Evidences
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Test II – Evolutionary Evidences
SCIENCE 10
CHAPTER 7- BIODIVERSITY AND EVOLUTION
Prepared by: RONQUILLO, Gerome Angelo C.
Name: _________________________________
Date Taken: __________ Score: ___________
Test I
1. What have you learned in Evidence from
Comparative Embryology?
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
2. What have you learned in Evidence from
Vestiges?
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
3. What have you learned in Evidence from
Biochemistry?
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
4. What have you learned in Evidence from
Biogeography?
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
Evidences
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Test II – Evolutionary Evidences