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civilization, which is identified as Early Chimú. The start of this period is not known
for certain, but it ended around 700 AD. It was centered in the Chicama, Moche,
and Viru Valleys.
The Chimú culture was centered on Chimor with the capital city of Chan Chan, a
large adobe city in the Moche Valley of present-day Trujillo, Peru. The culture
arose about 900 AD, succeeding the Moche culture, and was later conquered by
the Inca emperor Topa Inca Yupanqui around 1470, fifty years before the arrival of
the Spanish in the region.
The Chimú resided on a strip of desert on the northern coast of Peru.
The inhabitants of the Chimú culture worshiped the Moon because of their
belief that influenced the growth of plants, tides and their use as a time
marker.
They thought they were descending from four stars, the noblemen and the
common people of the other two descended from the two largest. They
believed that the soul of the deceased went to the seashore, from where it was
transported by sea lions to their last abode in the islands.
Garcilaso places this conquest under the reign of the Inca Pachacútec, with
whom he began the Inca imperial expansion. The Inca forces were
commanded by the Inca prince Yupanqui and had the support of the yungas
of Chuquimancu and Cuismancu (kings of the valleys of the current
department of Lima), former enemies of the chimúes. The war was long and
bloody. With great efforts, the Incas advanced through Parmunca
(Paramonga) and Santa, and unable to overcome the resistance of the enemy,
the Inca prince asked for more reinforcements, which reached him in a
number of 20,000 soldiers. The Great Chimú (Minchancaman), seeing that it
was impossible to resist more and pressed by his own subjects, surrendered,
submitting himself to the Incas in vassalage. Garcilaso says that in memory of
this conquest, the Incas raised the fortress of Paramonga (although this is
actually pre-Inca).
The Inca conquest must have occurred around 1470. The Incas transferred the
treasures of the Great Chimú to Cuzco as well as the reputed goldsmiths, to
decorate the Coricancha or Temple of the Sun.