rea wad Praveen var-suis ‘Mater / 1213 | 990 / *9, al. 8-1-2014—a ig SANSKRIT Standard 10 @ viegray, ond #4 Ba ad onda: aH a: Afr: a BPA Wa Pe Seeger afer | aafzated fatascrateget wea depterteary gyn 1 we Fe Tear fad act BAe | ae am fert sarah, desir a aft sree erent | yeas ae faeraert aftenta | ae FR tea Qeareaea: am Prem arta 1 Fai Seat ays a we aa Ga aa Price: 7 44.00 Gujarat State Board of School Textbooks Ss sviaya an’, Sector 10-A, Gandhinagar -382 010 lyays gal© Gujarat State Board of Schoo! Textbooks, Gandhinagar Copyright of this book is reserved by Gujarat State Board of School Textbooks. No reproduction of this book in whole or in part, in any formis permitted without written permission ofthe Director of the Board, Adviser Shri Sureshchandra J. Dave Authors Dr. Kamaleshkumar C, Choksi (Convenor) Dr. Manasukh K. Moliya Dr. Mohini D. Acharya Shri Poornima L. Dave Shri Maharudra K, Sharma Shri Smitaben B. Joshi ‘Translators Dr. D. R. Sharma Shri Poonima L. Dave Reviewers Dr. Ramchandrabhai G. Prajapati Shri Rohitbhai J. Khamar Shri Harsaben B. Mehta Dr. Shwetaben Jejurkar Artist Shilp Graphics Co-ordinator Shri Kishanbhai F. Vasava (Subject co-ordinator : Gujarati-Sanskrit) Preparation and Planning Shri C. D. Pandya (Dy. Director : Academic) Lay-out and Planning Shri Haresh S. Limbachiya (Dy. Director : Production) PREFACE In accordance with NCERT as well as NCF-2005, it has been necessary to bring change in new national curriculum, textbook and educational process. In that connection Gujarat State Secondary and Higher Socondary Board have prepared @ new curriculum, With feeling of pleasure, the Board presents this textbook to the students which is prepared according to the new syllabus of Sanskrit for Standard 10 and approved by the Government of Gujarat. In this textbook, linguistic, literary and cultural aspects of Sanskrit have boen taken care of, Wherever necessary, considering the agegroup of the students, some lessons hhave been edited and some new lessons have been written. Sanskrit conversational aspects are also covered. All the (grammatical) terms are discussed in detail to get familiar ‘with Sanskrit language. Various aspects of Sanskrit literature hhave been represented here. This textbook has been ‘prepared with a vision to develop creativity, thinking power ‘and reasoning ability in students which can lead them to their overall development and it can help in teaching- learning process too. Before publishing this textbook, its manuscript has been reviewed with different points of view by the teachers ‘teaching at this level and the subject experts. This textbook hhas been published only after incorporating the suggestions and corrections in the manuscript suggested by the teachers and experts. We acknowledge the contribution of all those who have put in ceaseless efforts and extended full co-operation in bringing out this textbook. With a view to making this textbook interesting, useful ‘and faultless the textbook board has taken every care. However, in order to improve upon the quality of this textbook, we welcome useful suggestions from all those interested in education, Dr. Bharat Pandit Director Date : 1-1-2014 Dr. Nitin Pethani Executive President Gandhinagar First Edition :2014 Published by : Bharat Pandit, Director, on behalf of Gujarat State Board of School Textbooks, “Vidyayan’, Sector 10-A, Gandhinagar Printed by:FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES It shall be the duty of every citizen of India * : (a) to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem; (b) to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom; (c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India; (d) to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so; (€) to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women; (£) to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture; (g) to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures; (h) to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform; (i) to safeguard public property and to abjure violence; (j) to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement; (k)_ to provide proper opportunities by parents or gardian for education to their children or the ward of 6 to 14 years of age. * Constitution of Inia: Section S1-CINDEX 1. a age 1 2. wefret farvate 5 3. eRe wareT 10 4. warren afm: way: 14 5. ured ea 20 6. STSuTS: 26 7. Butera 31 8. arena: WAS: 35 9. FAA art Wa 40 10. water rent 44 1, Wea Wet wee OT 48 12, afernreredat Srerarard: 53 13, tanger 58 14. & ¥é Gent Gate, 63 15, Wa: Wet aT 69 16. sat aH, 4 17, wavenfere argyay, 79 18, Han qeerenh 83 19. Wet WAR: 88 20. waa ferafe 93 seat 1 ” aera 2 104 aaa 3 112 sara 4 4 oar § 119 wea 6 122ES 1. daa xe ‘Vedas are pre-eminent source of Indian knowledge and religious traditions. Four Vedas known as Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda and Atharvaveda are in poetry form. The verses of Vedas are called Mantras. In these Mantras, there are many incantations (hymns of praise) through which advice is given. For enhancing vedic ideas various learned poet devotees, being inspired by such vedic prayers, ‘have composed many incantations and prayers in different popular metres. These prayers arc also in poetry order and are called shlokas, Like Vedas, these shlokas are also composed keeping in mind the universal fectings, Not only that but the desire for welfare of every living being is also expressed. Two ofsuch well-known prayers are presented here. ‘We have the tradition of having an invocation at the beginning of any work. Following the same ‘tradition let us begin our learning of Sanskrit with these Mantras and shlokas, The mantra of Rigveda, selected in the lesson, preaches about social behaviour. Second Mantra, selected from Yajurveda, is a prayer for removing evils/vices, whereas in third Mantra of Atharvaveda an advice is given which ThoUld bea model of familie The last two verses reveal the good wishes for the welfare of etre society and country. hed dace d die rary ani aaa SIT TTA 1 nwa + 10.1912 ‘feaift Rerafaaghiary wd ga TEA AS MHF 2 AGAS = 30.3 are ffcxf: fg: gta eg Wear wea ae ord areg efeTe 113 1) HeFae 3.30.2 wd veg afer: aa og Pre: | we wafer erg HT her GRAIL TAAL 4 I wre ag wha: ofa werner Seisd etteciect aren: ag Fear: 115 11 Glossary Noun : (Mase.) St]a#: One, following a vow PT: free from disease, healthy ‘tea: rain, (Fem.) wret wife gfe earth. (Neu.) gftevil deed, vice Pronoun your fear (m.) all a(n.) which #1, (n.) it 7: our a (m.) all ‘AA (m.) this. Adjective : WapTty ( area) to sweet / soft (speech) aiturfem: ( Bet: ) free from anxiety, quiet, "Tar: human beings fiz: fearless. Adyerb : 22 Just as, like that FT not. Compound : aiturfea: ( giver eiga: - qatar aeqee ) Root : (First Gana) (Parasmaipada) * ( wafa ) to be 4q( Fafa ) to speak, to saysM> WT] Cavaftt) to see aE ( aft) to rain. Notes 1, Meaning : WL 7252 (all of you) walk together HACE (all of you) speak together ‘Tift minds WL HAT be similar/be like each other YT part (of oblation offered in Yajna) Ta earlier WAM: of similar mind, having similar belief SUE serve, accept Wied: O! Sun-god (vocative case) TGA (you) remove 3 YF (You) make one acquire faq: of father HAT with mother S771: having similar mind / thinking 477%, speech WTA peaceful, fll of calmness HAUT beneficial matters/felings E297, any one "1 at regular interval, at proper time 41, unhappy, distressed WEIMeTt full of crops, endowed with crops. 2. Sandhi : afaagfenh Cafaa: gfe) 1 aay (aa HRA) TA STS (GA: STA) | Tra (qa: Aa) Leese eit fed arven: (Ser: ster ater Aea: APART) | 2 I Sanskrit 10