CHAPTER 1
(FUNCTION)
REPRESENTATION OF FUNCTION
A function is a relationship between two variables, such that one variable
is determined by the other variable. We can represent a function using
words by explaining the relationship between the variables
A function can be represented using an equation by converting
our function rule into an algebraic equation.
A function can be represented verbally. For example, the circumference
of a square is four times one of its sides.
A function can be represented numerically.
A function can be represented graphically.
A function from a set D
(f) to a set R
(DOMAIN) is a correspondence or
(RANGE)
rule that pairs each of element of D with exactly one element of R
EXAMPLE:
1. DOMAIN RANGE 2. DOMAIN RANGE
A B A B
C D C D
E F E F
FUNCTION NOT FUNCTION
3. SET R= {(2, 4) (6, 8) (1, 3)} DEFINES A FUNCTION SINCE NO TWO ORDERED PAIRS
HAVE THE SAME FIRST COMPONENT
DOMAIN (2, 6, 1) RANGE (4, 8, 3)
ACTIVITY : DETERMINE THE FUNCTION
WRITE F IF IT IS A FUNCTION AND NF IF NOT
F 1. NF 2. F 3.
1 4 A 3 S
2 5 C 1 A
3 6 E 2 D
NF 4. F 5.
EVALUATION OF FUNCTION
To evaluate a function, substitute the input (the given number or
expression) for the function's variable (place holder, x). Replace the x with
the number or expression
Example:
1.Given the function f (x) = 3x - 5, find f (3). Solution: Substitute 3 into
the function in place of x.
f(3)=3(3) – 5
f(3)= 9 – 5
f(3)= 4
2. f(x)= 3x² + 5x -1 f(2)
f(2)= 3(2)² + 5(2) - 1
f(2)= 3(4) + 5(2) – 1
f(2)= 12 + 10 - 1
f(2)= 22 – 1
f(2)= 21
ACTIVITY: EVALUATE THE FOLLOWING FUNCTIONS
1. f(x)= 5x + 2 Answers: 1.) a. f(x) = 12
a) f(2) b.) f(1) b. f(x) = 7
2. f(x)= 4x² - 3x 2.) a. f(x) = 27
a) f(3) b.) f(2) b. f(x) = 10
3. f(x)= 5x - x² 3.) a. f(x) = 4
a) f(4) b.) f(2) b. f(x) = 6
4. f(x)= 10 – x / 2 + x 4.) a. f(x) = 2
a) f(2) b.) f(1) b. f(x) = 3
5. f(x)= 3x – 2x 5.) a. f(x) = 3
a) f(3) B.) f(1) b. f(x) = 1
OPERATIONS ON FUNCTIONS
FUNCTIONS CAN BE DEFINED IN TERMS OF OTHER FUCTIONS.FOR EXAMPLE,
THE FUNCTION DEFINED BY f(x) = x² + 8 IS THE SUM OF g(x) = x² AND h(x) = 8x
THUS,IF WE ARE GIVEN TWO FUNCTIONS, g AND h WE CAN DEFINE THE
FOUR NEW FUNCTIONS AS g + h, g – h, gh, g/h.
DEFINITION:
FOR ALL THE VALUES OF x WHICH BOTH g(x) AND h(x) ARE DEFINED, WE
DEFINE THE FOLLOWING
SUM: (g + h )(x) = g(h) + h(x)
DIFFERENCE: (g – h)(x) = g(x) – h(x)
PRODUCT: (gh)(x) = g(x) × h(x)
QUOTIENT: (g/h)(x) = g(x)/h(x); ≠ 0
EXAMPLE 1 : GIVEN g(x) = x + 1 ; h(x) = x² - 2 find: (g+h), (g-h), gh,
SOLUTION: a.) (g + h) = x + 1 + x² - 2
= x² + x -1
b.) (g – h) = x + 1 - x² -2
= x2 + x + 3
c.) (gh) = (x + 1)(x2 – 2)
x3 + x2 -2x – 2
2: GIVEN: f(x) = x2 – 9 g(x) = 5x – 8 FIND: (f + g ), (fg)
(f + g ) = x2 – 9 + 5x – 8 (fg)= (x2 – 9)(5x – 8)
= x2 + 5x –17 = 5x3 – 8x2 + 45x + 72
ACTIVITY: GIVEN f(x) = 2x2 + 5x – 3 g(x) = 5x – 8 h(x) = 3x - 10
FIND 1. (f + g)
2. (f + h)
3. (gh)
4. (g + h)
5. (f- h)
ANSWERS: 1. (f + g) = 2x2 + 10x - 13
2. (f + h) = 2x2 + 8x – 13
3.(gh)= 15x2 – 34x + 80
4.(g + h)= 8x - 18
5.(f – h)= 2x2 + 2x -7
INVERSE FUNCTION
ONE TO ONE FUNCTIONS ARE IMPORTANT BECAUSE THEY ARE
PRECISELY THE FUNCTIONS ACCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING DEF.
DEFINITION OF AN INVERSE FUNCTION:
IF f IS ONE TO ONE FUNCTION WITH DOMAIN X AND Y , AND g IS A
FUNCTION WITH A DOMAIN Y AND g IS THE INVERSE FUNCTION
OF f IF ONLY IF (f × g)(x) = x FOR ALL x IN DOMAIN OF g AND (g × f)= x FOR
ALL x IN THE DOMAIN OF f
EXAMPLE
1.VERIFY THAT f(x) = 2⁄3x + 2⁄3 IS THE INVERSE OF g(x)= 3x – 2
Solution: WE NEED TO SHOW THAT (f ○ g)(x) = x AND (g ○ f)(x) = x
(f ○ g)(x) = 2⁄3 (3x – 2) + 2⁄3 = x – 2⁄3+2⁄3 + x
ALSO, (g ○ f)(x) = 3(2⁄3 x + 2⁄3) – 2 = x + 2 – 2 = x
THEREFORE, THE FUNCTION f IS THE INVERSE FUNCTION OF g.
2.FIND THE INVERSE OF f(x) = 3x + 5
Solution: BEGIN BY SUBSTITUTING y FOR f(x) y = 3x + 5
INTERCHANGING x AND y YIELDS x = 3y + 5
SOLVE FOR y 3y = x – 5
3 3
y= x–5 f-1(x) = x - 5
3 3
ACTIVITY 1. f(x)= 3x – 4
2.f(x) = 2/3x + 5
3.f(x) = 1/3x + 1/3
4.f(x) = 3x/x + 2
ANSWERS: 1.f-1(x)= x+4 4. f-1(x) = 2x
3 3-x
2. f-1(x)= 3x-15
3. f-1(x)= 3x – 1
