Application of definite

integrals (length of arc/work)

Presented by:
Seraga, Rosemarie Z.
Dellosa, Angelika C.
Cortez, Arica G.
Simaning, John Paul
M109: Calculus II – Differential and Integral Calculus
GUESS THE TITLE OF THE SONG BY EMOJI
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 R
Watermelon Sugar
by Harry Styles
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by Billie Eilish
 Length of Arc of a Plane Curve

In calculus, we define an arc length as the length of a smooth plane

curve y=f(x) over an interval [a,b]. By smooth plane curve we mean if
y=f(x) has a continuous first derivative, f′, on [a,b], then f is said to be a
smooth function (or smooth curve) on [a,b].
 Length of Arc of a Plane
Curve
Arc Length
Formulas
Note that no limits were put on the integral as the limits will depend
upon the 𝑑𝑠 that we’re using. using the first 𝑑𝑠 will require 𝑥 limits of
integration and using the second 𝑑𝑠 will require 𝑦 limits of integration.
Thinking of the arc length formula as a single integral with different ways
to define 𝑑𝑠 will be convenient when we run across arc lengths in future
sections.
Now that we’ve derived the arc length formula let’s work some examples.
WORK
A fundamental concept in classical physics is work: If an
object is moved in a straight line against a force 𝐹 for a
distance 𝑠 the work done is 𝑊=𝐹𝑠.
However, most forces are not constant and will depend
upon where exactly the force is acting. So, let’s suppose
that the force at any xx is given by F(x). Then the work
done by the force in moving an object
from x=ax=a to x=bx=b is given by,
 Application of double
integrals
Presented by:
Seraga, Rosemarie Z.
Dellosa, Angelika C.
Cortez, Arica G.
Simaning, John Paul
M112: Calculus III – Application of Differential and Integral Calculus
 APPLICATION OF DOUBLE INTEGRALS
We will show how double integrals may be used to find the location
of the centre of gravity of a two-dimensional object. Mathematically
speaking, a plate is a thin 2-dimensional distribution of matter
considered as a subset of the (𝑥,𝑦) plane. Let
𝜎 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎
This is the definition of density for two-dimensional objects. If the
plate is all made of the same material (a sheet of metal, perhaps) then
σ would be a constant, the value of which would depend on the
material of which the plate is made.
However, if the plate is not all made of the same material, then σ
could vary from point to point on the plate and therefore be a
function of x and y, 𝜎(𝑥,𝑦). For some objects, part of the object may
be made of one material and part of it another (some currencies have
coins that are like this). But 𝜎(𝑥,𝑦) could quite easily vary in a much
more complicated way (a pizza is a simple example of an object with
an uneven distribution of matter).
The intersection of the two thin strips defines a small rectangle of
length 𝛿𝑥 and width 𝛿𝑦.
Thus, 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑙𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒
= (𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎)(𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎)
= 𝜎(𝑥,𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
Therefore, the total mass of the plate D is

Suppose you try to balance the plate D on a pin. The centre of mass of
the plate is the point where you would need to put the pin. It can be
shown that the coordinates (𝑥̅,𝑦̅) of the centre of mass are given by
Let’s have some
examples