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Gaurav Project
Gaurav Project
Project Submitted
By
GAURAV SHARMA
Class: XII A
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
APPARATUS:
A convex lens, a plane mirror, water, oil, clamp,
stand, an optical needle, plumb line, knitting
needle, half meter scale, glass slab, a spherometer.
DIAGRAM:
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝒇𝒇𝟐
= + or f2 =
𝒇 𝒇𝟏 𝒇𝟐 𝒇𝟏 −𝒇
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= (𝒏 − 𝟏) ⌊ − ⌋
𝒇𝟐 𝑹𝟏 𝑹𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
=(𝒏 − 𝟏) ⌊ − ⌋
𝑹𝟏 ∞
𝟏
= (n-1)⌊ − 𝟎⌋
𝑹
𝟏 𝒏−𝟏
=
𝒇𝟐 𝑹
𝑹
n= +𝟏
𝒇𝟐
PROCEDURE:
(a) For focal length of convex lens:
1. Find the rough focal length of the convex
lens.
2. Place a plane mirror on the horizontal
base of the iron stand and then a convex lens
on the plane mirror.
3. Hold the needle in the clamp stand and
adjust its position on the stand such that
there is no parallax between tip of the needle
and its image.
4. Measure distance between tip and upper
surface of the lens by using a plumb line and
half meter scale. Also measure the distance
between tip of needle and upper surface of
the mirror . Take the mean of the two
readings. This means distance will be equal
to the focal length of the convex lens (f1).
𝒍𝟏 + 𝒍𝟐 + 𝒍𝟑
l=
𝟑
OBSERVATIONS:
1. Rough focal length of convex lens= 21cm
Refractive Index of Water:
𝑙1 +𝑙2 𝑙3
(i) 𝑙= =………..cm
3
𝑙2 ℎ
(ii) 𝑅= + =………..cm
6ℎ 2
𝑓𝑓1
(iii) 𝑓2 = = ……….cm(water)
𝑓−𝑓1
= ………cm(transparent liquid)
𝑅
(iv) 𝑛 = 1 + = ……….cm(water)
𝑓2
= …………cm(transparent liquid)
RESULTS:
SOURCES OF ERROR: