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قواعد اللغة الانجليزية لجميع المستويات PDF
قواعد اللغة الانجليزية لجميع المستويات PDF
ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺳﺘﺔ وﻋﺸﺮون ﺣﺮﻓﺎ أﺑﺠﺪﻳﺎ وﻟﻜﻞ ﺣﺮف ﻣﻦ هﺬﻩ
اﻷﺣﺮف ﺷﻜﻼن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ،ﻓﺈﻣﺎ أن ﻳﻜﺘﺐ آﺒﻴﺮا ) (Capitalوإﻣﺎ ان ﻳﻜﺘﺐ
ﺻﻐﻴﺮا) (Smallوﺗﺼﻨﻒ هﺬﻩ اﻷﺣﺮف ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻟﻔﻈﻬﺎ اﻟﻰ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﻦ هﻤﺎ:
ﺷﺮﻳﺤﺔ ،ﺣﺼﺔ ،sliceﺣﺠﻢ size اﻟﺤﺮف) ( iﻳﻠﻔﻆ ) ﺁي ( إذا ﺟﺎء ﻓﻲ وﺳﻂ -2
ﻳﺒﺘﺴﻢ ،smileإﻧﺒﻮب pipe اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮف ) .( e
ﺳﻌﺮ ،priceﻟﻄﻴﻒ nice
ل highﻟﻴﻠﺔ ، nightﻋﺎ ٍ اﻟﺤﺮف) ( iﻳﻠﻔﻆ ) ﺁي ( إذا آﺎن ﻣﺘﺒﻮﻋﺎ -3
ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ،fightﺿﻮء light ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮﻓﻴﻦ ) .( gh
ﻳﻤﺸﺪود ،tightﺧﻴﺮright
وﻻدة ،birthﺑﻨﺖ ،girlﻃﺎﺋﺮ bird اﻟﺤﺮف ) ( iﻳﻠﻔﻆ آﺼﻮت /ɜː/إذا آﺎن -4
.ﻋﻄﺸﺎن ،thirstyﺛﺎﻟﺚ third
ﻣﺘﺒﻮﻋﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮف ) ( rﺛﻢ ﺣﺮف ﺻﺎﻣﺖ.
(S, s) ﺣﺮف-14
.3إذا اﻧﺘﻬﻰ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ذو اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ ﺑﺤﺮف ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﺒﻮﻗﺎ ﺑﺤﺮف ﻋﻠﺔ ،ﻧﻀﺎﻋﻒ
اﻟﺤﺮف اﻷﺧﻴﺮ ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻴﻒ ) ،(ingﻣﺜﻞ:
sit: sitting stop: stopping run: running rub: rubbing
ﻟﻜﻦ إذا اﻧﺘﻬﻰ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺑﺄﺣﺪ اﻷﺣﺮف اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ) ،( w, x, yﻻ ﻧﻀﺎﻋﻒ اﻟﺤﺮف اﻷﺧﻴﺮ ،ﻣﺜﻞ: -
. .2إذا اﻧﺘﻬﻰ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺑ ) (-s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -z, -oﻧﻀﻴﻒ ﻟﻪ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ )،(es
ﻣﺜﻞ:
pass : passes/, wash : washes/, box : boxes/, buzz : buzzes/, go : goes .
.3إذا اﻧﺘﻬﻰ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺠﺮد ﺑ ) (-yﻣﺴﺒﻮﻗﺎ ﺑﺤﺮف ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ،ﻧﺴﺘﺒﺪل ) (yﺑ ) (iﺛﻢ
ﻧﻀﻴﻒ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ) ،(esﻣﺜﻞ:
study: studies hurry: hurries dry: dries try: tries
-ﻟﻜﻦ إذا اﻧﺘﻬﻰ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮف ) ( yﻣﺴﺒﻮﻗﺎ ﺑﺤﺮف ﻋﻠﺔ ،ﻧﻀﻴﻒ ) ( sﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ دون اﺳﺘﺒﺪال اﻟـ
) ،( yﻣﺜﻞ:
play: plays enjoy: enjoys say: says pray: prays
.3إذا اﻧﺘﻬﻰ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ذو اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ ﺑﺤﺮف ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﺒﻮﻗﺎ ﺑﺤﺮف ﻋﻠﺔ ،ﻧﻀﺎﻋﻒ
اﻟﺤﺮف اﻷﺧﻴﺮ ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻴﻒ ) ،(edﻣﺜﻞ:
rub: rubbed stop: stopped sun: sunned sum: summed
-ﻟﻜﻦ إذا اﻧﺘﻬﻰ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺑﺄﺣﺪ اﻷﺣﺮف اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ) ،( w, x, yﻻ ﻧﻀﺎﻋﻒ اﻟﺤﺮف اﻷﺧﻴﺮ ،ﻣﺜﻞ:
bow: bowed mix: mixed play: played
.4إذا اﻧﺘﻬﻰ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺠﺮد ﺑ ) (-yﻣﺴﺒﻮﻗﺎ ﺑﺤﺮف ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ،ﻧﺴﺘﺒﺪل ) (yﺑ ) (iﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻴﻒ
اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ) ،(edﻣﺜﻞ :
study: studied hurry: hurried dry: dried try: tried
.5إذا اﻧﺘﻬﻰ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮف ) (-yﻣﺴﺒﻮﻗﺎ ﺑﺤﺮف ﻋﻠﺔ ،ﻧﻀﻴﻒ ) (edﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ دون اﺳﺘﺒﺪال
) ،(yﻣﺜﻞ :
play: played enjoy: enjoyed annoy: annoyed pray: prayed
.1إذا آﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ واﺣﺪ ﻧﻀﻴﻒ ) (erﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ،وﻧﻀﻴﻒ
) (estﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ ،ﻣﺜﻞ:
cheap cheaper cheapest
bright brighter brightest
.3إذا اﻧﺘﻬﺖ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ ذات اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ ﺑﺤﺮف ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﺒﻮﻗﺎ ﺑﺤﺮف ﻋﻠﺔ ،ﻧﻀﺎﻋﻒ
اﻟﺤﺮف اﻷﺧﻴﺮ ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻴﻒ ) (erأو ) ،(estﻣﺜﻞ:
big bigger biggest
-ﻟﻜﻦ إذا اﻧﺘﻬﺖ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﺑﺄﺣﺪ اﻷﺣﺮف اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ) ،( w,yﻻ ﻧﻀﺎﻋﻒ اﻟﺤﺮف اﻷﺧﻴﺮ ،ﻣﺜﻞ :
.1إذا اﻧﺘﻬﺖ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﺑ ) (-yﻣﺴﺒﻮﻗﻪ ﺑﺤﺮف ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ،ﻧﺴﺘﺒﺪل ) (yﺑ ) (iﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻴﻒ )،(ly
ﻣﺜﻞ:
easy: easily heavy: heavily temporary: temporarily
.1إذا آﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺮف ) (cﻓﻴﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺘﺒﻌﻬﺎ ) ،(eiﻣﺜﻞ :
ﻳﺨﺪع ، deceiveﺳﻘﻒ ، ceilingوﺻﻞ اﺳﺘﻼم ، receiptﺧﺪاع ،deceitﻳﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ receive
-ﻟﻜﻦ هﻨﺎك ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ) ( eiرﻏﻢ ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد اﻟﺤﺮف ) ، ( cﻣﺜﻞ :
، اذا آﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺘﺒﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺗﺒﺪأ ﺑﺤﺮف ﺳﺎآﻦ/ða/،( ﺗﻠﻔﻆ اداة اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ) َذ-أ
: ﻣﺜﻞ
The door, the car, the moon, the film.
، اذا آﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺘﺒﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺗﺒﺪأ ﺑﺤﺮف ﻋﻠﺔ/ði:/( ﺗﻠﻔﻆ اداة اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺴﺮﻩ) ِذ-ب
:ﻣﺜﻞ
The end, the apple, the idea, the air.
( وﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ هﺬﻩ اﻷﺳﻤﺎءFord, Audi) ( ﻗﺒﻞ اﻻﺳﻢa) ﻻﺣﻆ إﻧﻨﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻨﺎ اﻷداة
. ( ﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ هﺬﻩ اﻷﺳﻤﺎءthe) ﻣﻌﺮوﻓﻪ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻤﻊ واﻟﻤﺘﻜﻠﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻨﺎ اﻷداة
: ﻣﺜﻞ،( ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ )اﻟﻴﻮم واﻟﺸﻬﺮ واﻟﺴﻨﺔ-16
-20ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻊ أﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻮاد إذا آﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺧﺎﺻﺎ وﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﺎﻣﺎ ،ﻣﺜﻞ:
-21ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻗﺒﻞ أﺳﻤﺎء وﺟﺒﺎت اﻟﻄﻌﺎم إذا آﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺧﺎﺻﺎ وﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﺎﻣﺎ ،ﻣﺜﻞ:
-22ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻗﺒﻞ أﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﺼﻮل اﻷرﺑﻌﺔ إذا آﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺧﺎﺻﺎ وﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﺎﻣﺎ ،ﻣﺜﻞ:
-23ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻷﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻔﺮدة )ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎم( ،ﻣﺜﻞ:
أ -ﺗﻠﻔﻆ أداة اﻟﺘﻨﻜﻴﺮ) (aآﺎﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ،/ə/إذا آﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺘﺒﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺗﺒﺪأ
ﺑﺤﺮف ﺳﺎآﻦ ،ﻣﺜﻞ:
a car a letter a man a book
ب -ﺗﻠﻔﻆ أداة اﻟﺘﻨﻜﻴﺮ) (anﻣﺜﻞ )أن( ، /ən/اذا آﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺘﺒﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺗﺒﺪأ ﺑﺤﺮف ﻋﻠﺔ،
ﻣﺜﻞ:
an apple an umbrella an eagle an orange
-1ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ أداة اﻟﺘﻨﻜﻴﺮ ) (anﻣﻊ اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻔﺮد اﻟﻤﻌﺪود اﻟﺬي ﻳﺒﺪأ ﺑﺄﺣﺪ أﺣﺮف اﻟﻌﻠﺔ
) ،( a, u, e, i, oوﻣﻊ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﻤﻔﺮدة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺒﺪأ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮف ) ( hوﻳﻜﻮن ﺻﺎﻣﺘﺎ ﻻ
ﻳﻠﻔﻆ وﻣﺘﺒﻮﻋﺎ ﺑﺤﺮف ﻋﻠﺔ ،ﻣﺜﻞ:
an article an umbrella an egg an index an oven an hour
an heiress an honest man an honor an honorable person
-2ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ أداة اﻟﺘﻨﻜﻴﺮ ) (aﻣﻊ اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻔﺮد اﻟﻤﻌﺪود اﻟﺬي ﻳﺒﺪأ ﺑﺤﺮف ﺳﺎآﻦ ﻣﺜﻞ
) ( b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, zوﻣﻊ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﻤﺒﺪوءة
ﺑﺤﺮف ﻋﻠﺔ و ﻳﻠﻔﻆ ﻣﺜﻞ ) ،(youﻣﺜﻞ:
a plane a camel a hand a man a child a university
a European a uniform a useful book a eulogy
-3ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻔﺮد اﻟﻤﻌﺪود اﻟﺬي ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم آﻤﺜﺎل ﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻋﻬﺎ،
ﻣﺜﻞ:
اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﺻﺪﻳﻖ ﺟﻴ ﺪ 1- A book is a good companion
أداة اﻟﺘﻨﻜﻴﺮ) ( aهﻨﺎ ﺟﺎءت ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ )آﻞ( ،إذًا ﻣﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ) آﻞ آﺘﺎب ﺻﺪﻳﻖ ﺟﻴﺪ( وه ﺬا
ﻳﻌﻨﻲ أن ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻜﺘﺐ أﺻﺪﻗﺎء ﺟﻴﺪون) اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ أداة اﻟﺘﻨﻜﻴﺮ هﻨﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻤﻴﻢ(.
ﺛﺎﻟﺜ ًﺎ .اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻌﻬﺎ أداة اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ) (theأو أداﺗﻲ اﻟﺘﻨﻜﻴﺮ
) ( a, anوﻓﻲ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ) :(Zero Article
.(at, after, before, around, towards ) ﺗﺴﺒﻖ ﺑ: أوﻗﺎت اﻟﻠﻴﻞ واﻟﻨﻬﺎر-3
: ﻣﺜﻞ،( اﻷﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻌﺪودة اﻟﺠﻤﻊ واﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﺪودة )ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎم-4
1- Parents are responsible for their children. ()ﺗﻌﻤﻴﻢ
2- We can’t live without water and air. ()ﺗﻌﻤﻴﻢ
: آﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ،(the) أﻣﺎ إذا ﺗﺨﺼﺼﺖ هﺬﻩ اﻷﺳﻤﺎء ﻓﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ أداة اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ#
1- The water of this well is cold. ()ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ
2- The books I read last week were useful. ()ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ
ﻼ ) اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔً ﻣﺜ،إذا ذهﺒﻨﺎ إﻟﻰ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎت ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ أو ﻷﺟﻞ اﻟﻐﺮض اﻟﺬي ﺗﺆدﻳﻪ
اﻟﺴﺮﻳﺮ ﻟﻠﻨﻮم وهﻜﺬا ( ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ ﻻ، اﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺎدة، اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ،واﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ واﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺪراﺳﺔ
: ﻣﺜﻞ،"the" وﻟﻜﻦ إذا ذهﺒﻨﺎ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﺟﻞ أﻣﺮ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻓﺄﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم،ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ أداة اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ
1- Every day Ali goes to school. () ﻳﺬهﺐ ﻋﻠﻲ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﺟﻞ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ
- Ali’s father went to the school to see his son’s teacher.
( "the" ﻟﺬﻟﻚ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﻨﺎ،) ذهﺐ واﻟﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﺟﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺪرس وﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻠﺪراﺳﺔ
Exercises