Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region IV-A CALABARZON
City Schools Division of Dasmariñas
SALAWAG NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Thailand St. San Marino City, Brgy. Salawag, Dasmariñas City, Cavite

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for Grade 9

THE UTILIZATION OF CORN COBS AND EGG SHELLS

FOR MAKING ALTERNATIVE TILES

Allauigan, Mikaella, D.

Denosta, Julianne M.

Figueroa, Shyna E.

Vallarez, kristal shane

Researchers

December 2019
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

With 7,641 islands, Building commercials and residential infrastructures in our

country is fast growing. One of the building materials is ceramic tile that is used as

floorings in bathrooms, dining area function halls etc. In several provinces of the country,

corn farming is one of the most important production activities for their economy. In

general most of the cobs of corn are discarded with no further use once the kernels is

stripped off, except that some of it is used for boards creation. As a result corn cobs are

common in areas of corns production with no further utilization.

Egg shells are waste materials from hatcheries, homes and fast food industries

(Phil and Zhihong, 2009; Amu et al., 2005) and can be readily collected in plenty. Egg

shell waste disposal contributes to environmental pollution. Challenges associated with

disposal of Egg shells include cost, availability of disposal sites, odour, flies and

abrasiveness (Phil and Zhihong, 2009)

.The feasibility of using egg shells and corn cobs in tile making? Tiles should be made

hard and strong, which makes egg shells very compatible with this project. These shells

are mostly made up of calcium carbonate ( CaCo3 ) which is a good source of calcium

oxide that would help a lot in making the tiles to be rigid and firm. And corn cobs which
make the tiles more firm. These cobs has lignin that also help a lot in making tiles do not

rot easily.

This information brought the idea to the researchers to use powdered egg shells and

corn cobs as raw material and cement as an additive material for tile making and test if

it is feasible.

B .Statement of the Problem

This study seeks to discover the feasibility of using powdered corn cobs and

egg shells in making alternative ceramic tiles. It seeks to answer the following

questions:

1. Which of the following composition is most effective in making alternative

ceramic tile?

a. Corn cobs ( treatment 1 )

b. Egg shells ( treatment 2 )

c. Egg shells and corn cobs ( treatment 3 )

d. Clay ( Control )

2. What is the significant difference in using Corn cobs and Egg shells as

an alternative than the traditional way of making a commercial ceramic

tile?

C. Hypothesis

H0 : There is no significant difference in using corn cobs and eggshell as

an alternative than making the traditional way.

D. Significance of the Study

This study about the utilization of corn cobs and egg shell as an

alternative for ceramic tile seeks to improve and innovate ceramic tile production

especially to those who are both in the agricultural and industrial sector, in the

community, entrepreneurs and for the future researchers.

For the agricultural and industrial sector, this research will provide a

significant attempt in order to produce the green brick element in cement sand

brick by using corn cobs, wastes from corns. This will also help people to learn

managing the wastes properly, neither agricultural wastes nor industrial wastes,

by letting them know that certain wastes can use ‘3R’ concept; reduce, reuse and

recycle again into a new product.

Furthermore, this study also pointing up the uses of wastes such as corn

cob in order to help providing the people in the community a healthy environment.

Since the agricultural byproducts being produced naturally, they are mostly

biodegradable. Generally, biodegradable waste is a type of waste which can be

broken down or decomposed naturally in a matter of times such as weeks or

months. Primarily, this study will also help to spread the knowledge about the

advantages and functions of green brick in construction industry of the community.

Practically, majority of the production materials for the ceramic tile are

accessible from resource recycling of agricultural wastes. Hence, this intends to

provide opportunity for entrepreneurs who want to incorporate the alternative tile
 from corn cobs and eggshells to their business as an additional enterprise or as a

full grown business.

This study will also be beneficial for future researchers that would like to

conduct the same field of study. This research could serve as a reference for

information. This study will also provide them ideas that will facilitate their study to

be more relevant for their beneficiaries. Likewise, the information stated can also

be used as their related study.

E. Scope and Limitation

This study on utilization of corn cobs and egg shells as an alternative

material will only discuss the effectiveness, methods and the process of ceramic tile

production and its significant difference in making a ceramic tile in the traditional

way.

The corn cobs and eggshells are resources that can be easily accessible

and can be obtained in large quantities compared to the other resources. Thus,

making it more convenient to use corn cobs and eggshells as an alternative material

for ceramic tile production.

In order to obtain the characteristic of cement sand brick containing the

corn cobs proportions, there are three parameters outlined for this research which

are compressive strength, density and water absorption. Moreover, in order to get

precise results, there will be a certain ratio for each sample to test the parameters.
Finally, the result of these tests will be compared to the standard control result and

the conclusion for this research will established.

The study shall be conducted at Dasmarinas city Cavite. The corn cobs

and eggshells will be sourced specifically at Paliparan 3, Dasmarinas Cavite.

However, in conducting this research, the researcher’s capacity and limited

knowledge to conduct this research will be considered thus, will seek the help of

professionals. Furthermore, time constraint and the availability of resources will be

considered.

F. Definition of Terms

Corn cobs. One of the experimental group of the study.

Egg shell. One of the experimental group of the study.

Compressive strength. One of the parameter of the study, which will set the

standard of the efficiency of the alternative ceramic tiles.

Density. The parameter of the study, which will set the standard of the efficiency

of the alternative ceramic tiles.

Water absorption. The other parameter of the study, which will set the standard

of the efficiency of the alternative ceramic tiles.

Clay. The control group of the study, which will be compared with the

experimental group.