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BACHELOR OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING EXAMINATION,2011

( 2nd Year, 1st Semester)

MECHANICS OF FLUIDS

Time: Three hours Full Marks: 100

( 50 marks for each Part )

Use separate answer scripts for each Part

PART I -
Answer Question No.1 and any two from the rest

Assume any missing data

1. a) A velocity field is defined as V=3yi - 6x]

t i) What are the dimensionality and directionality of the
flow?

ii) Is the flow incompressible?

ill) Is the flow rotational? What is the value of vorticity ?

iv) Write the expression for x and y component of

acceleration.

v) Derive the equation of streamline passing through the

point (1, 1) 1+2+1+3+3+3

b) Justify / rectify the following statements. Give reasons

i) Smoke from a chimney is a pathline
H) The CD vs Re curve for flow over a sphere shows a
sudden drop at Re = 3 x 105'. 2+3
. [Turn over
. J ::
[2J [3]
2. a) -.
3. a) You are an engineer for a company and are to select an
appropriate fluid meter from your waterhouse stock to
measure the water flow rate in a 6 inch (nominal diameter)
Patm
schedule 40, horizontal commercial steel pipe. The fluid
meter is needed immediately, so no time is available for
Fig. 1
machining or modification. The flow rate is estimated to be
3 3
The (Lid) ratio for both the branch (o-a) and (o-b) (refer to between 0.0065 m /s and 0.-025 m Is. A mercury manometer
Fig. 1) are 100. The (Leq/d) ratio for a globe valve is 340 and is to be used to measure the appropriate pressure difference
that of a gate valve is 8. The diameters of two branches are to determine the flow rate.

same. Find the ratio offlow rates through line (o-a) and line
(o-b) considering the Fanning friction factor to be invariant
of Reynolds. number (fuUy rough zone).
b) Consider expansion of multiple n number of tubes (each of
diameter
For do) into
turbulent flow a header of diameter D (Refer to Fig.2).
Your instructions are to choose a fluid meter to determine
the flow rate with a maximum uncertainity of 10%
5
(percentage error) because of errors in reading in
manometer. You estimate that the manometer can be read
with an uncertainity (absolute error) of 0.15 cm.

Net pressure drop across the meter must not exceed 7 kPa.
0 Derive an expression ror pressure differential P,-P2 i The following meters are available
h) Derivetheexpressionror mClionalloss,h I

Consider
cross that at section I the pressure is uniform across the
section. Type of flow meter Throat / orifice diameter

II Venturi 4.5 in
u);. IlL)
.i f' A
Thin-plate orifice 2.5 in
do f- I Consider that the discharge coefficient of venturimeter and
1 I
1-, ID orificemeter are 0.94 and 0.61, respectively. The inside
f diameter for a 6 inch Schedule 40 commercial steel pipe is
]I I
Y Fig. 2
6.065 i:lch.

[ Turn over
 [4J [5]

b) Explain the working principle of a rotameter. Why is it called

as an 'area meter' ? 12+4
4.
Water (at 25°C, p =1000 kg/m3, /l = Icp) flows from a large
reservoir (zl = SSm) to a storage tank (z2 = 5m), as shown in
Fig.2. The pipe entrance at B is well rounded. The pipeline from
B to C contains 4 gate valves, three standard 90° elbows and
one tee with flow through the main run. The pipe line trom D to
E contains four gate valves, six 90° standard elbows, two 45°
standard elbows, one tee with flow through the main run and a
venturi meter. The venturimeter is installed to measure the flow
rate. The reading 3of the manometer (manometric fluid mercury,
p = 13600 kg/m ) connected between the upstream and the
throat of the venturimeteris 75 cm. The pipe line is 300 m long I
~
~~7~ y]
Fig.
3
5. A catalyst having spherical particles of Dp = 50 microns and
Ps=1.65g/cm3is to be used to contact a hydrocarbonvapor in a
fluidized reactor at 480°C and I atm pressure. At rest the bed
has a porosity of 0.35 and a height of 1m. At operating
conditions, the fluid viscosity is 0.02 cp and its density is 3.4
kg/m3.The porosity at minimumfluidization velocity is 0.42.

and is a 2 inch Schedule 40 (inside diameter 2.067 inch) steel a) Determine

pipe. The loss coefficient (k) data for commercial(2 inch) pipe i) the superficialgas velocity necessary to fluidize the bed
fitting are given below:
Gate valve 0.16 ii) the velocity at which the bed would begin to flow with
90° standard Elbow 0.95 the gas
Tee, line flow 0.90 ill) the extent of bed expansion when the gas velocity is
average of velocities previously determined.
The discharge coefficient of venturimeter, Cv = 0.98.
b) Does aggregative/ particulate fluidization occur?
Calculate (i) the flow rate through the pipeline, (ii) the power
The Ergun Equationfor flow through packed bed is as follows:
input to the pump for the overall efficiency of 85%.(iii) pressure
. at the upstreamof the pump,at sectionC and D (Neglectthe (-liPdgc ~~=150Q,-E) +1.75;
'. potential height difference between s~ctionC and D); (iv) Draw r:-- pV02 (I-E) N~ep

the EGL and HGL. 16 v 0 is the superficial velocity. 16

[ Turn over

I
""-
 [6 ]
[7]
PART - II
7. Heavy oil having a specific gravity of 0.85 and an absolute
Answer any three questions.
viscosity of 4x 10-2N.s/m2 is pumped through 20m ofO.052m
All questions carry equal marks.
inside diameterPVC pipe (zerorelative roughness).The pipeline
2 marks reserved for neat and well organized answer script. is shown in Fig.7 and contains one check valve, two gate valves,
Assume any missing data. four 45° standard elbows and a nozzle with a throat diameter of
0.026m. A manometer connecting the inlet and throat of the
6. a) Find the dimensionality and diu:ctionality for the velocity
nozzle reads 2.0m of mercury (specific gravity of 13.6). Find
field given by V = axi + bX2j::..~xtlc (a, b, c are constants).
the pressure loss between points 2 and 3. Neglect loss in the
2
nozzle.
b) Consider a flow field given by V = Ai + btj, A = 2m/s, Draw the nature of the Energy grade line and hydraulic grade
B=0.3m/s2. Find the equation of pathline followed by the line.
particle located at (x, y) = (1, 1) at the instant t = O. 4 Fitting Loss coefficient
c) A steady, incompressible flow is given by V = Axi - Ayj; with Check valve 2.1
A = 2s-I. Determine the stream function that will yield this Gate valve 0.16
velocityfield. 4 45° standard elbow 0.30 13+3
d) The velocity profile for an incompressible fluid at the
entrance to a pipe is flat as shown in Fig.6. At section 2 it is
parabolic and is given by V = Vm(1-r21R2).

Obtain the drag force F acting on the fluid in terms of the

pressure PI' P2' density p, Voand R. 6
&q.(j."~L
-~- --
g~-iWi_~ --g
Fig. 6
,
Fig. 7
[ Turn over

I
/'
 [8]
[9]
8.
a) Petroleum oil of specific gravity 0.9 flows through a
stream. The pressures of the jet and the secondary stream
horizontal pipe. A pitot tube is inserted at the center of the
are the same at the pump inlet. Determine the speed at the
pipe and its leads are filled with the same oil and attached to
pump exit and the pressure rise P2 - Pl' IO
a U tube containing water. The reading of the manometer is
90 cm. Find the velocity at the center of the pipe. 4

b) In fully rough zone friction factor is invariant of Reynold's V$ = 2'W\1.s

~
number justify with reasons.

c) Water is in turbulent flow through at 50 mm J.D. tube. The

3
--' Vi=-2~Js
~
pressure drop is 1.57 kN/mo per meter of tube. Calculate the <"

thickness oflaminar sublayer and buffer layer. Find the eddy

Fig. 8
viscosity. Assume water viscosity as IO-3kglm.s.
9. c) Tiny hydrogen bubbles are being used as tracers to visualize
The universal velocity distribution is given as follows
a flow. All the bubbles are generated at the origin (x = 0,
u+ =y+; O;s;y+;s; 5; u+ =-3.05+5Iny+; 5;s;y+ ;S;30
y = 0). The velocity field is unsteady and obeys the following
u+ =5.5 + 2.5In y+; y+ ~30 equation. Draw the streakline at t = 2s. 4

u = lm/s v = Im/s O;s;t;s; Is

d) Cd vs. N Re,pcurve for flow around a sphere shows an
abrupt decrease in drag coefficient at Re =3 x 105. 2 u = 2m/s v=O I;s;t;s;3s
9.
a) Draw the shear stress vs. deformation rate curve for
Binghamplastic and pseudoplasticfluid. ' 2

b) A water jet pump has jet area 0.0 1m2 and jet speed 20m/s.
The jet is within a secondary stream of water having speed

Vs=2m/s. The total area of the duct (the sum of the jet anl1
' 2 '.
secondary stream areas) is 0.075 m. The water is
thoroughly mixed and leaves the jet pump in a uniform
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BACHELOR OF CHEMICAL I METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING EXAMINATION, 2011
(2nd Year, 1st Semester)
MACIDNE DESIGN AND DRAWING
Time: Three hours Full Marks: 100
Missing data, if any, are to be reasonably chosen.
Give sketcheswherever applicable.
Answer any Five (5) questions

1. Design and draw a rigid or flexible type shaft coupling to transmit a rated load of 50 kWat 600 rpm.
Assume 10% overload and the load is applied with minor shock. Also the shaft is subjected to a bending
moment of 75 N-m. Allowable shear and crushing stresses in the shaft and key are 60 N/mm2 iUld 115
N/mm2 respectively.Allowable shear stress of the coupling bolt or pin material is 56 N/rnm2as applicable
and allowableshearstressofCI flange is 62 N/mm2. 20
2. Design a cotter or knuckle joint for transmitting an axial load of 30 kN. Allowable stresses are: Vi=crc=
crb=190MPa, crs=110MPa. 20
3. a) A solid shaft, IS mm in diameter, is subjected to torsional shear stress, that varies from 0 to 35 N/mm2
and at the same time, is subjected to an axial stress that varies from -15 to +30 N/mm2.The frequency of
variationof these stresses is equal to the shaft speed. The shaft is made of steel (<Jy=400 N/mm2& <Jut= 540
N/mm2)andthe
. corrected endurance limit of the shaft is 200 N/mm2..Determine the factor of safety.,.' 12
b) What is1'atigo1ffailure?Wnanmnhe'factors thataffect enduraDCe'"nmirofamachine part? -- 3+5
4. a) "In case of a thin cylinder subjected to internal pressure, the tendency to burst lengthwise is twice as
great as at transverse section"- Justify the statement. 3
b) A gas cylinder with an internal diameter of 200 mm is subjected to an operating pressure of 10 MPa. It is
made of plain carbon steel (<Jy=230 N/mm2) and the factor of safety is 2.5. Calculate the cylinder wall
thicknessassuming it to be a thin cylinder and neglecting the effect ofwelded joints. 3
c) Deduce the expressions for circumferential, longitudinaland radial stresses for a thick cylinder subjected
to an internal pressure and show the variations of principal stresses. Considering maximum principlestress
theory of failure,find out the expression for cylinder wall thickness. 14

Ii - mv2 )If)
10
5. a) Prove the relationship given by T 2 =e , where symbols bear their usual meanings.
. .L2 - mv
.

b) A flat leather belt arrangement has centre distance between pulleys as 1.5 m. The diameter of bigger
pulley is 500 mm. The smaller pulley rotates at 1000 rpm and the bigger pulley at 500 rpm. The flat belt
transmits 7.5 kW power. The mass of the belt is 0.55 kg per meter length of the belt and the coefficientof
friction is 0.30. If the permissible tensile stress for the belt material is 1.75 MPa, calculate the length of belt
and belt tensions on the tight and loose sides. 10
[ Turnover
 [ 2 ]
.
6. a) A bracketis fixed to the wall by means of 4 identical bolts and loaded by a vertical load as shown in .-
Fig. 6a. Material of bolts is C30 C.S (Gy=340N/mm2) and factor of safety is 3. Determine the nominal
diameterof the bolts. 10
b) A bracketis supported by means of 4 rivets of same size, as shown in Fig. 6b. Determinethe diameter of
the rivet if the maximum permissible shear stress.is 140MPa. 10

1~
600 ~
40kN 20kN
80

i
SQO
~ /
!
1
,;

~.. 4-t
f~
7S
~f'-'
I
T
Fig. 6a Fig. 6b

7. a) Why is the cross-section of the flat belt pulley arm elliptical? 'The major axis of an ellipticalpulley arm
placed in the pl~e of rotation' -Justify the statement. 2+6
b) Design the elliptical cross-section ~f a belt pulley arm near the 'hub and rim for the following
specifications:The mean pulley diameter is 300 mm and the number of pulley arm is 4. The ,ellipticalsection
has major axis twice the minor axis length. The tight side and slack side tensions in the belt are 600 N and
200 N respectively.Assume half number of arms transmit torque at any time. The permissible tensile stress
for cast iron pulley materia] is 15 MPa. The puIJeyhub diameter is 60 mm. 12
8. Write shortnotes: (Any four)
a) StressCo~centrati~~,b) End~~e Ii~it ~d e~d~ra.ncestrengili:~~jF~ii~~ ~i rivets, d) F~~torof safety, -
e) Conditionfor maximum power transmission in belt drive, f) Elastic creep 05x4
. ,aE' ~L
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iC~. @ ExlCh.E/Math/T/21~/1l/20IiSPL
BACHELOROF CHEMICALENGINEERINGEXAMINATION,2011

( 2nd Year, 1st Semester)

MAmEMATICS -11m
Time: Three hours Full Marks: 100

Answer any six questions.

[ Four marks reserved for general proficiency]

I. a) Find the necessary and sufficient condition for the ordinary

differential equation M(x,y)dx + N(x,y)dy =0 to be exact.
8
b) Solve the differentialequation
4
(y4 +2y)dx+(xy3 +2y4 -4x)dy=0

c) Find the singular solution of the following problem

4
y=px+a~l+p2 where p= ~~ .

2. a) Find the series solution of the equation

d2 d
3x X.+ 2-1. + y =0
dx2 dx
about the point x = 0 . 8

b) Solve the differential equation

d2 d
x2 X.- x-1. - 3y =x210gx 8
dx2 dx

8
3. a) Show that eXP[1(t-t)]=nttnJn(x)
[ Turn over
 [2] [3]

4 b) If a string of length I is released from rest in the position

b) Show that d~[ x-oJo (x)J ==-X-oJo+I(X).
y == 4A.x (~ - x) . Show that the motion is described by the
I
c) Show that J_12 (x) == & cosx . 4
equation

4. a) Define Legandre differential equation. Prove that - 321..~ 1 . (2n+1)1tX (2n + 1) 1tat
y( x, t ) - 3£.J 3sm cos
2-
0 7r 0=0 (2n + I) I I 8
ill20 dx° (x
Po(x)==~~ 1) 2+6

~ 2&U .
b) Prove that xP~(x) == P~-I (x) + nPo( x) . 6 7. a) Solve at == a &2' for 0 < x < 1t, t > 0 gIven that

Ux (0, t) ==Ux ( 1t,t) ==0 and u (x, 0) ==sin x . 8

c) Prove that Po(I) == I. 2

ao 2 b) Solve a2~ + a2~ ==0, which also satisfies the following

Ox Oy
5. a) Show that fe-x Hm(x)Ho(x)dx==O, m:;t:n
-ao
boundary conditions u(O,y) ==u(l,y) ==u(x,O) ==0 and
==2°ill~, m ==n 8
u( x,a) ==sin n1tX 8
I .
xt
exp -- ao

b) Prove that . ~-t

{ }
== LLn(x)to.
0=0
() 8. a) A periodic function of period 4 is defined as

f(x)=lxl ; -2<x<2

2 Find its Fourier series expansion. 8

c) Show that L2 (x) ==~ x2 - ( 4x +2) .
b) Find the Fourier series for

6. a) Solve at ~fl == (X2

[;2
-t
& using method of separation {)f f(x)==x-x2 in -1t<x<1t

8 1t2 -1- - J... + 1.. - J... + ...

variables. Given that' y(x,O)==f(x), (Zl=o==g(x). hence deduce that 12 -}2 22 32 42
8

[ Turn over
 [4]

9. a) State D' Alambert's ratio test for convergence of infinite

series. 2

b) Test the following series for convergence

1 x3 1.3 x5
x+--+--+--+... 1.3.5 x7 6
2 3 2.4 5 2.4.6 7

c) Test for the convergence of the series

1
-+-+-+...1 I
i) 1.22 2.32 3.42

co
ii) L .!!!. 8
n=lnn
 0r.t L

~ ~y~
D
C.w- ~)
ExlCh.E/Chem.lT /212/10/20 1~SP\..
BACHEWR OF CHEMICALENGINEERINGEXAMINATION,
2011

( 2nd Year, 1st Semester)

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

Time: Three hours Full Marks: 100

Use a separate Answer-Script for each part.

( 50 marks for each part )

PART - I

1. a) Define an ideal black body and give an example that

approximately represents it. Describe Stefan-Boltzmannlaw
of black body radiation. Show how it is consistent with the
Planck's distribution of frequency (v) dependent energy
density, [u(v)] at temperature, T given by,

81th v3
u(v)=~ c ehv/kT - 1

(other symbols have usual meaning)

b) Describe briefly the photoelectric effect and elaborate the

justification provided by Einstein for the effect.

c) When a metal is irradiated with light, the kinetic energy of

the ejected electron is 2.94x 1O-19Jfor light of wavelength
300.0 nm and 1.29x 1O-19J for light of wavelength
400.0 om. Find, (a) an estimate of the Planck's constant, (b)
I the threshold frequency and (c) t!1e work function of the
metal. 6+4+6

[ Turn over
 [2 ] [3]

2. a) Describe a Hermitian operator and show that the eigen spectral lines observed experimentally and mention its
functions of a hermitian operator having different eigen usefulness.
values are orthogonal. d) The force constant of the bromine molecule C~r 79Br)is
b) Evaluate the commutator,[H,x], where H is the Hamiltonian 240 Nm-l. Calculate the fundamental vibrational frequency
operator for a free particle. and the zero point energy of the molecule. 5+5+4+3
c) State the Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. Find the PART-II
uncertainty in speed of an electron located within an atom
4. a) How does viscosity of a liquid change with change of
with positional uncertainty of 50 pm.
temperature? 3
d) What is the probability of the I-s electron of a hydrogen
atom to be found in a spherical shell of radius r and r + dr b) How can you determine the molecular weight of a polymer
around the nucleus? Also find the most probable radial molecule by measuring viscosity? 4
distance of the I-s electron from the nucleus. Given, the I-s c) How does the vapour pressure of a liquid vary with
orbital wavefunction of the hydrogen atom, temperature? 3
1 r 5. a) State and derive Bragg's equation. 4
112--
3+3+5+6
'l'l-s(r) = J;c ( aJ .e ao ; (ao - Bohr radius). b) A cubic lattice have X-ray diffraction from (Ill), (200),
3. a) Define absorbance. Provide suitable justification for the (220), (311) and (222) planes. Determine the type of the
Lambert-Beer's law and state the reasons for the cubic crystal. 3
photochemical systems showing deviations from it. c) What is law of symmetry? How many symmetry elemt:nts
b) An electron is confined to a molecule of length 1.0 nm. are there in a simple cubic lattice and what are they? 3
Consideringthe particlein a box model,find (a) its minimum 6. a) Whatdo you mean by dipole moment? Whichone is polar-
energy and (b) the minimum excitation energy for the
NH) or BF)? Explain. 2+2
electron from its lowest energy state.
b) Define specific rotation. On which factors does specific
c) Using rigid rotor model for studying rctational motion of a
rotation depend?" 3
diatomic molecule, explain the equally spaced microwave

[ Turn over
 [4 ]

c) State and explain Nernst Distribution law. 3

7. a) How can you distinguish between electrochemical cell and

electrolytic cell? 3

b) What is calomel electrode? 3

c) How can you titrate a weak acid by a strong alkali

potentiometrically? 4

8. a) Compare conductance of 0.1 N HCI and 0.1 N NaCI solution

and explain. 3

b) Calculate the pH of a mixture of 10 ml 0.1 N AcOH

(pKa=4.75) and 10 ml 0.1 N NaOH. 4

c) How can you titrate a mixture of strong and weak acid by an

alkali conductometrically? 3
 2 f)- LL

~\ V
2roL ~ C.4.l~)
E ExlCh.E/T/215/11/20111SPL
BACHELOROF CHEMICALENGINEERINGEXAMINATION,2011
( 2nd Year, 1st Semester)
NUMERICAL METHODS
Time: Three hours Full Marks: 100

(50 marks for each part)

Use a separate Answer-Script for each part.
. PART- I
Answer any three questions.
All questions do not carry equal marks.
1. a) Consider a general 3x3 symmetric matrix in the following
form :

all al2 a13

A= a21 a22 a23
[ a31 a32 a33 ]

where, aij = 1/(i + j -1). Decompose this symmetric matrix

in to a product of lower (L) and upper triangular (U) matrix,
such that ~ = !JT. Note that you will not get the marks if
you use Doolittle's algorithm, rather you are supposed to
use your own algorithm for a symmetric matrix, where the
matrix symmetry has been taken in to consideration during
algorithm development.
b) Considerthe followingset of ordinarydifferential equations:

dx
dt =3x2 +2xy3 +4
dy
dt =5x+x2y
[ Turn over
 [2 ]
[3]

with the conditions, x ==Y==1 at t = o. Find the largest 4. a) Consider the following set of equations:
possible step size that you can use in solving the above set of
2.1 5.7 XI 1
equations by explicit Euler l11ethod. Perform one step
integration with the above determined step size value.
[ 3.8 10.3][ x2] =[ 2]
10+10=20 It was observed that an attempt to solve the above set of
2.
equation by Gauss Elimination with two decimal place of
Thomas Algorithm: . equations by
a) Solve the following set of linear simultaneous
accuracy results in a wrong solution. Explain this
observationbased on conditionnumber,derived on the basis
~ : ~I ~ =~ of Spectral Norm.
[0 -1 3 ][ x3] [3] b) Solvethe followingordinarydifferentialequation by Heun's
method (predictor-corrector method) from x = 0.0 to
b) Derive Doolittle's Algorithm for solving a generalized set
x = 4.0 with a step size of 1.0.
of linear simultaneous algebraic equation. What are the
advantages or disadvantages of this method over
conventionalGaussElimination? 8+7=I5
:
x=O.
=4eoosx- 0.5y with the initial condition y =2.0 at
8+7=15
3.
Answer any three questions:
3x5=15 5. a) Use Fadeev-Laverier's method to determine the
a) When and why will you use Pivoting strategy in solving a set characteristic polynomial for the 3x3 coefficient matrix as
of simultaneous algebraic equations?
~ stated in problem 2(a).
b) When will you call a system of equations to be ill-
b) Consider the following differential equation, which can be
conditioned? What is condition number?
developed by steady-state heat balance for a long thin rod
c) What do you mean by local truncation error? How can you that is not insulated along its length:
assess the "stiffness" of a set of ordinary differential
equations? d2T + h' (T
dx2 a
- T) =0 whereh' is convective head transfer

d) In some commercial software for solution of ODEs, the step coefficient (m-2) 'and Ta is the temperature of the
size is varied as the integration proceeds. Why is it done so? surrounding air. Use Shooting method to solve the above

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 -
[ 5]
[4]
PART-II

Answer any three questions.

equation for a 10m rod with h' = 0.0Im-2, Ta = 20°C and
use the followingboundary conditions : All questions carry equal marks.

T(0)=40 and T(10)= 200. 7. Use the method of exploration followed by the method of false
position (or chord) to find the three roots of: 1.8xl - sin lOx = 0
(Hint. Take initial guess values for ~~ to be 10 and 20.)
7+8=15 with an accuracy of 0.001.

8. Solve the equation: 2 10glOx - ~ + 1 =0

2
6. The one-dimensionalheat conduction problem in a rectangular
fin can be expressed by the following parabolic partial Starting with the values x=1 and x=5 with an accuracy of 0.001
differentialequation: using Newton-Raphson Method.
-=a.-
or a2T
9. Fit the followingtabular data to the Arrhenius equation:
at ax2
k = Aexp (- E I RT) by the method of least square where the
The initial and the boundary conditions for the above PDE can
symbols have their usual significance.
be expressed as follows:

T(K) 310 350 380 410 450

i) At t = 0, T = 30 , for all x, 0 ~ x ~ 1.
1.7x 10-4 0.018 0.31 3.53 54.7
ii) At x = 0, T = 150 for t > 0 . k(hr-l)

ill) At x = 1, or/ax =0 10. For the function given as a table:

Develop the solution scheme for solving the apove PDE by
x 1.435 1.440 1.445
Finite Difference (FD) method taking 2 internal grid points
Y 0.892687 0.893698 0.894700
with Crank-Nicholson method being used for solution of
resultant set of ODE-IVPs. Develop the complete solution determine the value of the argument corresponding to the value
algorithmand perform one iteration. 15 0.892914 of the function.

[ Turn over
 [6]

11. Calculate J cosx dx using Simpson's formula by dividing the

0 l+x

interval (0, 1) into a total of four equal subintervals.

12. Find the first derivative at the point x = 50 for the function given
as the following table:

x 50 55 60 65
f 1.6990 1.7404 1.7782 1.8129
 Q&--tJ

~ \. .
~v ~J~
(.f)
~ s.,J
Ex/Ch.E/MErr/213/1O/20 II
BACHELOROF CHEMICALENGINEERINGEXAMINATION,2011
,sPL
( 2nd Year, 1st Semester)
ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS

Time: Three hours Full Marks: 100

. Answer Question No.1 and any four from the rest.

. Steam and other tables are permitted if necessary.
. Assume any unfurnished data, consistent with the problem.

1. A Define: Heat,Work,Environment. 2x3=6

vb) Plot the following diagrams for water:

i) Isobaric processs on T-v plane from solid phase to
superheated vapour phase. @.

ii) Isothermal process on P-v plane from solid phase to '\

superheated vapour phase. 3x2=6

.)if Explain"Thermodynamicequilibrium". 4
d) Show pyK = constant for an adiabatic process where the
symbols bear their usual meaning. 4

i ~efine: Dryness fraction, Triple point.

.vb} Discuss "Macroscopic approach".
c) A piston-cylinder arrangement contains water at 150 KPa,
-2°C in equilibrium. The piston is exposed to atmosphere
and can move freely inside the cylinder. Now the wat<;ris
heated until the water becomes saturated vapour. Find out
~ the final temperature.
ii) specific work output.
[ T~over
 ,,;'
:Yp
[2] [3]

ill) specific heat supplied. and 150°C, doing work. Heat loss from the system to the
jV) Plot the process on T-v plane. 4+4+12=20 surrounding is 2 KJ during this process. Assuming the
surrounding to be at 25°C and 100 KPa, determine
3. a) State the First law of Thermodyanicsfor a cycle and hence
i) exergy of the steam at the initial and final states.
deduce the first law for a non-cyclic process.
ii) exergy change of steam.
b) In a steam p~wer plant steam leaves the boiler at 2 MPa and f ---

300°C. The steam then leaves the turbine and enters the ill) exergy destroyed.

condenser at IS KPa and 90% quality. Finally, it leaves the iv) The 2nd law of efficiency. 4+4+12=20

condenser and enters the pump at 14 KPa, 45°C. The pump 6. a) Establish the Maxwell relations. 6
work is 4 KJ/Kg. Determine
b) Define mean effective pressure. 2
i) Turbine work.
ii) Heat transfer in condenser and boiler. c) An air-standard Diesel cycle has a compression ratio of 16

ill) Thermal efficiency of the plant. and a cut-off ratio of 2. At the beginning of the compression
iv) Plot the process on T-S diagram. 8+12=20 process, air is at 95 KPa and 27°C. Determine

. ~~J
4. a)/State the '2nd law of Thermodynamics' and show that
'
i) the temperature after the heat addition process.
ii) the thermal efficiency.
~ ... ~~"," entropy is a property.
ill) the mean effective pressure. 12
~e.,,>'" 7 ~~ j? One kilogram of Ammonia in a piston/cylinder arrangement D -
'i/'\"
of-- "'''d'
at 50°C, 1000 KPa is expanded in a reversible ~ ~ .
~. Write short notes on anyfour of the following: 5x4=20

.,
.#
.,~ I<. processto -30°C. Findthe amountof heat ~nd worktran~r
.
for this process and plot the process on P-v and T-Splanes.
a) Reftigeration cycle. ,
10+10=20 ~ Throttling process.

ve1 Zeroth law of Thermodynamics.

5. Y Define: Useful work, Dead state.
d) Clasius inequality
,y{ Discuss 'exergy'.
,. c) A piston-cylinder device contains 0.05 kg of steam at I MPa, /.) Causes of irreversibility.
300°C. The steam now expands to a final state of 200 KPa ~ankin cycle.